정신분열병 환자의 가족부담 척도 개발에 대한 예비연구

김철권,조진석,서지민,김용관,김호찬,김현수,김상수,제영묘 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.3

연구목적 : 정신분열병 환자의 가족이 느끼는 부담을 측정하기 위한 가족부담 척도를 개발하기 위함이다. 방 법 : 200명의 정신분열병 환자 가족과의 비구조적 면담과 외국 부담척도 고찰을 통하여 94문항을 수집하였고 그 다음에 전문가들과 가족들이 문항 및 영역을 분류하고 통합하여 최종적으로 36문항을 선정하였다. 그리고 정신분열병 환자의 가족 135명, 불안장애 환자의 가족 22명, 기분부전장애 및 신체화 장애 환자의 가족 26명, 치매 환자의 가족 49명을 대상으로 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 결 과 : 자료분석 결과 검사-재검사 신뢰도, 내적 일치도, 감별타당도 모두 높게 나타났으며, 요인분석을 통해 다섯 가지 구성요인이 추출되었다. 결 론 : 본 가족부담 척도는 정신분열병을 포함한 만성 정신질환을 앓고 있는 환자의 호전과 가족의 부담을 덜어주기 위한 다양한 프로그램의 효과를 검증하는데 유용하게 사용되어질 수 있을 것이다. Objectives : This preliminary study was carried out to develop the Family Burden Scale(FBS) of the schizophrenics. Methods : Ninety-four items were collected by interviewing in a free unstructured format with one relative of each 200 schizophrenic patients and reviewing foreign FBS's. Several professionals and relatives were asked to group and integrate them into several categories. Finally 36 burden items were chosen to constitute a FBS. The FBS was administered to the relatives of 135 schizophrenic, 22 anxiety disorder, 26 dysthymic disorder and somatization disorder, and 49 dementia patients for examining the reliability and validity. Results : The FBS showed high test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and discriminant validity. The results of the factor analysis revealed five-factor solution. Conclusion : The FBS can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of various programs intended not only to reduce decompensation among schizophrenics, but also to alleviate family burden.

3차원 전산화단층촬영 영상을 이용한 안면 연조직 두께 계측의 임상적 유용성

정호걸,김기덕,한승호,허경석,이제범,박혁,최성호,김종관,박창서 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2006 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.36 No.2

Purpose : To evaluate clinical usefulness of facial soft tissue thickness measurement using 3D computed tomographic images. Materials and Methods : One cadaver that had sound facial soft tissues was chosen for the study. The cadaver was scanned with a Helical CT under following scanning protocols about slice thickness and table speed; 3 mm and 3 mm/sec, 5 mm and 5 mm/sec, 7 mm and 7 mm/sec. The acquired data were reconstructed 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 mm reconstruction interval respectively and the images were transferred to a personal computer. Using a program developed to measure facial soft tissue thickness in 3D image, the facial soft tissue thickness was measured. After the ten-time repeation of the measurement for ten times, repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was adopted to compare and analyze the measurements using the three scanning protocols. Comparison according to the areas was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Results : There were no statistically significant intraobserver differences in the measurements of the facial soft tissue thickness using the three scanning protocols (p>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between measurements in the 3 mm slice thickness and those in the 5 mm, 7 mm slice thickness (p>0.05). There were statistical differences in the 14 of the total 30 measured points in the 5 mm slice thickness and 22 in the 7mm slice thickness. Conclusion : The facial soft tissue thickness measurement using 3D images of 7 mm slice thickness is acceptable clinically, but those of 5 mm slice thickness is recommended for the more accurate measurement.

cDNA array 방법을 이용한 망간에 노출된 흰쥐 뇌기저핵의 유전자발현 분석

이채관,노성민,문덕환,,김정호,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,김정원,김종은,안진홍,이채언 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Objectives: This study investigated the gene expression profile in basal ganglia of manganese-exposed rats based on cDNA array analysis. Methods: For cDNA array, 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats (250±25 g) were intraperitoneally injected with 25 ㎎/㎏ B. W./day of MnCl2 (0.3 ㎖) for 10 days. For dose-related gene expression analysis, rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 ㎎/㎏ B. W/day of MnCl2 for 10 days. Control rats were injected with an equal volume of saline. RNA samples were extracted from brain tissue and reverse-transcribed in the presence of [α^(32)P]-dATP. Membrane sets of the Atlas Rat 1.2 array Ⅱ and Toxicology array 1.2 kit (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) were hybridized with cDNA probe sets. Northern blot hybridization method was employed to assess the dose-related gene expression. Results: Fifty-two genes showed significant changes in expression of more than two-fold. Twenty-eight were up-regulated and 24 were down-regulated in the manganese-exposed group compared to the control. Among the 52 genes, 28 genes including nuclear factor I-X1 (NF1-X1), neuroligin 2 and 3, mitochondrial stress-70 protein (MTHSP70), neurodegeneration-associated protein 1 (Neurodap 1), multidrug resistance protein (MDR), and endoplasmic reticulum stress protein 72 (ERP72), were reported for the first time related to the manganese-induced neurotoxic-metabolism in the rat basal ganglia. According to the dose-related gene expression analyses, MTHSP70, Neurodap 1 and ERP72 genes were up-regulated compared to the control even in the group exposed to low manganese dose ( 0.2 ㎎/㎏ B.W./day). Conclusions: Twenty-eight genes detected for the first time in this study were closely related to the manganese-induced neurotoxic-metabolism in the rat basal ganglia and further study of these genes can give some more useful information about the manganese metabolism.

북한 급변사태 가능성과 우리의 대응방안

김관호(Kim Kwan Ho) 북한학회 2016 북한학보 Vol.41 No.2

과거 동구권 사회주의 붕괴, 김일성ㆍ김정일 사망 등 북한에서 심각한 정치ㆍ경제적 변고가 있다는 소식이 전해지면 급변사태에 대한 관심이 고조되어 왔다. 그러나 북한은 이를 비웃듯 김정은이 3대 세습을 성공시키며 아직까지도 체제를 유지하고 있다. 하지만, 올해 1월초 북한은 4차 핵실험으로 인해 국제사회의 강력한 제재와 고립정책으로 인해 큰 위기국면에 직면해 있다. 지속되는 경제난과 국제사회의 강력한 대북제재로 인한 압박이 해외주재원들의 외화상납 강요 등으로 연결된 결과, 중국 내 북한식당 종업원들의 집단탈북, 러시아와 영국 주재 외교관들의 탈북이 잇따르고 있다. 이와 더불어 지난 9월 북한의 5차 핵실험이 감행되면서 한국 내 전략핵무기 배치 및 독자적인 핵개발 여론이 조성되고 있으며, 미국의 선제타격론이 제기되는 등 북한을 한층 더 강하게 압박하고 있다. 아울러 일각에서 조심스럽게 급변사태를 논의하는 것은 북한의 급변을 남북통일로 발전시킬 수도 있을 것으로 판단하기 때문일 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 북한의 급변사태 발생 가능성과 예측 가능한 시나리오를 상정하고 이에 대한 우리정부의 대응방안을 제시하였다. In the past, attention on contingencies has been elevated when the news spread that there were serious political and economic changes in NK such and the collapse of socialism in the eastern bloc or death of Kim-Il-Sung and Kim Jeong-Il. Contrary to expectations KJU success fully succeeded his predecessors and has maintained the regime for three consecutive generations as if it is laughing in our faces. However, In January this year, NK faced a grave situation from the international community’s strong sanctions and isolation policy, which were results of the 4th NK nuclear test. Because continued economic hardship and the pressure from the international community’s NK sanctions led officials placed overseas to forcibly offer bribes in foreign currencies, NK restaurant employees in China and diplomats in Russia and UK are defecting from NK one after another. In addition, 5th NK nuclear test in September created public opinion for the deployment of strategic nuclear weapons in the Republic of Korea and indigenous development of such forces. The proposal of pre-emptive strike from the US also adds to the pressure that is placed upon NK. Some people carefully discuss contingencies in NK because it can be seen that those events may develop a reunification of the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, this study assumed the possibility of contingencies in NK and expected scenarios to propose ROK government’s response measures.

머리염색이 인체에 미치는 영향

윤형식,황성호,이현륭,김수호,박연석,권낙현,정호진,김동훈,노현주,홍성호,박병찬,이관,정해관 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1

일상생활에서 모발염색은 흔히 접할 수 있는 미용의 한 종류로 특히 젊은층을 중심으로 폭발적으로 유행하고 있다. 염색을 위항 사용하는 약제는 표백제와 발색제 등 각종 화학약품이 사용되고 있으나 이로 인한 건강장해에 대한 연구는 그리 많지 않다. 저자들은 염색이 인체의 모발건강에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 염색과 관련된 주관적 증상과 모발의 변화에 대한 실험적 연구를 시행하였다. 동국대학교 경주 캠퍼스 재학생 80명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하여 염색 유 ·무 및 염색 후에 경험한 증상에 대해 설문 조사하였고, 의과대학 재학생 46명을 대상으로 피부 반응 테스트를 실시하였다. 또한 염색 전후의 모발 탄성도를 측정하였고 모발의 상태를 파악하기 위해 전자 현미경검사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 결과 염색 전에 비하여 염색 후 안구혼탁, 안구건조, 시력저하, 발진 및 접촉성 피부염, 모발손상, 모근손상 등의 증상을 더 많이 경험한다고 호소하였다(p<0.05). 모발손상과 모근손상은 헤어드라이어 사용 빈도에 따라 증가하는 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.05). 피부반응검사에서 가려움증이 가장 많은 증상이었으며 이는 여성보다는 남성에서 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 염색 전후의 모발장력은 염색 전 134.5±10.37g, 염색 128.0±30.69g, 염색 이틀 후 112.5±19.69g으로 나타났다. 염색 전후의 모발의 전자현미경 케라틴 층이 현저히 감소하고 모발이 가늘어지는 차이를 보였다. 염색은 모발손상, 모발 케라틴 손상 및 모근 손상, 발진 및 접촉성 피부반응, 안구혼탁, 안구건조, 시력 저하를 유발한다. 따라서 염색약으로 인한 손상에 대한 주의와 예방이 필요하다고 생각한다. 예방대책으로 염색 전 피부테스트를 통한 적합성 여부를 판단하는 것이 필요하며 가급적 염색을 피하는 것이 좋을 것이다. 염색약에 발암물질이 포함되어있다는 보고도 있어 염색 제조사의 철저한 실험과 염색 물질의 선별이 염색으로 인한 부작용을 최소화하는데 중요한 역할을 할 것이다. Hair coloring has became one of the most popular cosmetic activities to younger generations during last decade. However, there are few studies on the health effect of widespread use of chemical dyes. This study was conducted to study the effects of hair coloring dye on hair and other systems. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 80 persons in Kyongju campus, Dongguk University. We have done open patch skin test on 46 medical students. We also conducted scanning electron microscopy to examine the hair strength and structure before and after hair coloring process. Injury of hair and hair bulb, contact dermatitis, turbid eyes, xerophthalmia, and poor visual acuity were the main symptoms complained after hair coloring (p<0.05). Injury of hair and hair bulb were increased by frequency of hair-dryer use(p<0.05). In open patch test, pruritus was complanined by more than half of the subjects. Mean strength of hairs before and after hair coloring was as follows; 134.5 (SD 10.37)g before hair coloring, 128.0 (SD 30.69)g immediately after hair coloring, and 112.5 (SD 19.69)g after two days. The scanning electron microscopic findings of hair surface before and after hair coloring showed decreased keratin layer and thinning of the hair. Hair coloring induces injury to hair, its keratin layer, and hair bulb as well as contact dermatitis, turbid eyes, xerophthalmia, and poor visual acuity. Therefore, we think that precaution is needed in use of hair coloring dye. To prevent complications induced by hair coloring dye, it is necessary, especially to those with allergy or skin disorders, to perform skin test before action and avoid hair coloring whenever possible. Longterm health effects of hairdye should be studied and manufacturing companies should try to minimize complications induced by hair coloring dye.

주사용 발프로산 나트륨(DEPAKINE^(�)) 투여에 의한 항전간 효과의 유효성 및 안전성에 관한 임상적 연구

김성호,서성일,송시헌,김관태,김윤 최신의학사 1994 最新醫學 Vol.37 No.8

폐콘크리트 골재를 이용한 아스팔트 혼합물의 특성평가

김재현,이관호 경성대학교 공학기술연구소 2000 공학기술연구지 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the fundamental properties of asphalt paving materials with waste concrete and to recommend the proper mixing ratio of waste concrete. Couple of laboratory tests were carried out to ensure the characteristics of asphalt mixture with waste concrete. Resilient modulus test, indirect tensile test, and two different types of creep test, like uniaxial static creep test and incremental static creep test, were carried out to determine the characteristics of asphalt mixtures. It was not enough to ensure the proper characteristics of asphalt mixtures with only waste concrete, due to relatively high rutting potential and low stiffness. However, the blended asphalt mixtures with waste concrete and common aggregate showed the better performance. In order to determine the rutting potential of asphalt mixtures, VESYS testing procedure was adopted in this research. Form the prediction of rutting potential by VESYS, the blended mixtures with waste concrete and common aggregate showed better performance than the mixture with waste concrete only.

고교 남·여 유도 선수의 운동능력에 따른 경쟁불안 차이에 관한 연구

김관현,최선호 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 2004 武道硏究所誌 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study was to make a comparative analysis of competition state anxiety factors according to the level of skills and gender of boys' and girls' high schools Judo athletes. This study was conducted for 188 male and female high school judo athletes registered with the Korean judo Association. The measurement was the questionnaire adapted by excluding the part of the direction scale from the Competition State Anxiety Questionnaire(CSAI-2)) used by Martens(1990). This questionnaire was made up of a total of 27 items and completed on a 4-point Likert rating scale. Mean and standard deviation were calculated by analyzing collected data using the SPSS/PC^(+)120 program. An attempt was made to conduct the independent t-test in order to investigate the level of significance(p〈.05) according to the level of skills and gender. As a result, the following conclusion was drawn. First, it was found that as for a variation in the level of cognitive anxiety, its mean was 4.41 for excellent high school judo athletes and 4.34 for non-excellent counterparts. This indicates that athletes with the high level of skills showed a little higher level of cognitive anxiety. Therefore, there was no significant difference between both groups(p〈.05). Second, it was found that as for a difference in the level of physical anxiety, its mean was 4.37 for excellent high school judo athletes and 4.10 for non-excellent counterparts, which implies that athletes with the high level of skills showed a little higher level of physical anxiety. Therefore, there was no significant difference between both groups(p〈.05). Third, it was found that as for a variation in the level of self-confidence, its mean was 4.92 for excellent high school judo athletes and 4.56 for non-excellent counterparts. This indicates that athletes with the high level of skills showed a little higher level of self-confidence. Therefore, there was no significant difference between both groups(p〈.05). Fourth, it was found that as for a variation in the level of cognitive anxiety, its mean was 4.25 for male high school judo athletes and 4.31 for female high school judo athletes. Female athletes with the high level of skills showed a little higher level of cognitive anxiety. Therefore, there was no significant difference between male and female high school judo groups(p〈.05). Fifth, it was found that as for a variation in the level of physical anxiety, its mean was 4.57 for male high school judo athletes and 4.71 for female high school judo athletes. This indicates that female athletes showed a little higher level of physical anxiety. Therefore, there was no significant difference between male and female high school judo groups(p〈.05). Sixth, it was found that as for a variation in the level of self-confidence, its mean 4.46 for male high school judo athletes and 4.51 for female high school judo athletes, which indicates that female high school judo athletes showed a little higher level of self-confidence. Therefore, there was no significant difference between male and female high school judo groups(p〈.05).

척골 지단 신경의 전기생리학적 연구

김종순,이현옥,안소윤,구봉오,남건우,김호봉,류재관,류재문 대한정형도수치료학회 2005 대한정형도수물리치료학회지 Vol.11 No.2

The ulnar nerve extends down the arm, across the elbow, and into the hand. It provides sensation to the little and ring fingers and activates many of the small muscles in the hand. The determination of peripheral nerve conduction velocity is an important part of ulnar nerve evaluation. The electrodiagnostic value as neurophysiologic investigative procedure has been known for many years but normal value of digital nerve was not reported in korea. The purpose of this investigation was to measure the digital nerve conduction velocity of ulnar nerve for obtain clinically useful reference value and compare difference in each fingers and then compare with the other countries. 71 normal Korean volunteers (age, 19-65 years; 142 hands) examined who has no history of peripheral neuropathy, diabetic mellitus, chronic renal failure, endocrinedisorders, anti-cancer medicine, anti-tubercle medicine, alcoholism, trauma, radiculopathy. Nicolet Viking Ⅱ(EMG machine) was use for detected conduction velocity and amplitude of digital nerve in ulnar nerve. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Descriptive analysis was used for obtain mean and standard deviation and independent t-test was used to compare with ring and little finger. Conduction velocity of the right ring finger was 57.44m/sec and little finger was 55.32msec. The left ring finger was 55.55msec and little finger was 54.11msec. Amplitude of the right ring finger was 30.28µV and little finger was 48.36µV. The left ring finger was 30.67µV and little finger was 57.76µV. There were significantly difference between ring and little in amplitude (p<.05) but there were no statistically difference between conduction velocity of ring and little finger (p>.05). The amplitude of little finger are greater than ring finger. The present results revealed that electodiagnosis can easily perform in little finger for digital nerve of ulnar nerve study.

지베렐린과 에세폰의 葉面撒布가 '美白' 복숭아의 熟期와 品質에 미치는 影響

김영호,윤철구,임상철,김학현,이철희,최관순,김선규 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1999 農業科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

In order to obtain the basic data for artificial maturity control of 'Mibaek' peach, GA and ethephon were foliar sprayed 4 weeks prior to harvest, and their effects on fruit maturity and quality were examined. GA and ethephon tended to decrease the fruit weight except 100mg ㆍ L-1 GA+50 to 100mg · L-1 ethephon treatment. GA increased the fruit firmness, and ethephon at higher concentration increased the fruit drop. Harvest date was advanced for 7 to 8 days by ethephon while was delayed for 6 to 8 days by GA treatment, regardless of concentration.