The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program: Discovery of the Most Distant Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy in the Local Universe

Lee, Myung Gyoon,Jang, In Sung,Beaton, Rachael,Seibert, Mark,Bono, Giuseppe,Madore, Barry American Astronomical Society 2017 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.835 No.2

<P>Ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) are the faintest known galaxies, and due to their incredibly low surface brightness, it is difficult to find them beyond the Local Group. We report a serendipitous discovery of a UFD, Fornax UFD1, in the outskirts of NGC 1316, a giant galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The new galaxy is located at a projected radius of 55 kpc in the south-east of NGC 1316. This UFD is found as a small group of resolved stars in the Hubble Space Telescope images of a halo field of NGC 1316, obtained as part of the Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. Resolved stars in this galaxy are consistent with being mostly metal-poor red giant branch (RGB) stars. Applying the tip of the RGB method to the mean magnitude of the two brightest RGB stars, we estimate the distance to this galaxy, 19.0. +/-. 1.3 Mpc. Fornax UFD1 is probably a member of the Fornax cluster. The color-magnitude diagram of these stars is matched by a 12 Gyr isochrone with low metallicity ([Fe/H]approximate to-2.4). Total magnitude and effective radius of Fornax UFD1 are M-V approximate to -7.6 +/- 0.2 mag and r(eff) = 146 +/- 9 pc, which are similar to those of Virgo UFD1 that was discovered recently in the intracluster field of Virgo by Jang & Lee. Fornax UFD1 is the most distant known UFD that is confirmed by resolved stars. This indicates that UFDs are ubiquitous and that more UFDs remain to be discovered in the Fornax cluster.</P>

모 축전지 회사 근로자들의 연폭로 지표에 대한 경시적 관찰

강명식,김용배,이용진,리갑수,김화성,황규윤,장봉기,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1998 순천향산업의학 Vol.4 No.1

Lead poisoning is still prevalent and one of important occupational disease in Korea. To prevent undue high lead burden and maintain good health condition of lead workers in lead using industries, periodic health examination and regular biological monitoring of lead workers are often required in addition to the fundamental improvement of their working condition. To evaluate the effect of comprehensive occupational health program with regular biological monitoring on the level of lead exposure of lead workers in lead using industries, 11 year database from 1983 to 1994 of one storage battery factory was reviewed. From 1983 to end of 1986 only periodic health examination was provided to the lead workers, but from 1987 comprehensive occupational health program with regular biological monitoring was provided to maintain better health condition of lead workers. Selected study variables for lead exposure were blood lead(PbB), zinc protoporphyrin in blood(ZPP), δ-aminolevulinic acid in urine(ALAU), hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrit(HCT). Information on sex, age and work duration was also reviewed. 5 years data from 1983 to 1987 and 3 years data from 1990, 1993 and 1994 were available for all lead exposure indices except ALAU which has only 5 years data from 1983 to 1997. The results of 11 years longitudinal observation of lead indices are all follows: 1. The mean value of ZPP of lead workers in 1983 was 148.7±73.1 ㎍/㎗(Male: 145.5±72.3, Female: 168.1±79.1), whereas that of ZPP of lead workers in 1994 was decreased to 64.3±32.7 ㎍/㎗(Male: 60.2±28.8, Female: 95.2±43.4). 2. The mean value of PbB of lead workers in 1983 was 56.4±18.8 ㎍/㎗(Male: 55.59±19.1, Female: 59.6±19.1), whereas that of PbB of lead workers in 1994 was dcreased to 35.4±11.9 ㎍/㎗(Male: 35.7±12.0, Female: 32.8±10.8). 3. The mean value of Hb of lead workers in 1983 was 14.1±1.4 g/㎗(Male: 14.4±1.1, Female: 11.7±0.8), whereas that of Hb of lead workers in 1994 was increased to 15.6±1.5 g/㎗(Male: 15.9±1.2, Female: 12.9±1.1). 4. Blood lead is most highly correlated with ZPP(r=0.522, male:0.54 and female:0.50) and also correlated with ALAU and work duration also. 5. The simple regression analysis of PbB and ZPP showed different coefficient of regression by the measurement year, but there was no difference of coefficient of regression between sex. The slope of equation of pooled data for 1983-1986 without comprehensive occupational health program was 2.16 and differed from that of pooled data for 1987-1994(1.25). This difference suggests that the unit effect of blood lead on ZPP was relatively smaller in later period of comprehensive occupational health program than carly period without comprehensive program. The slope change in the analysis of linear regression of PbB on ZPP in lead workers can be used to evaluate the possible effect of health intervention to prevent undue high lead absorption in lead using industries. 6. 11 years occupational health service in this storage battery factory brought out considerable improvement of health status of lead workers in terms of decrease of PbB and ZPP and increase of Hb and the improvement was more remarkable after the introduction of comprehensive occupational health program.

KAL기 추락에 의한 대량재해의 개인식별

강신몽,이원태,고영창,최상규,김윤희,이홍석,서재관,윤중진,이혜경,최득린,김종열,윤창육,변명식,이장홍 大韓法醫學會 1991 대한법의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Individual identification is an important part in medicolegal field especially in mass disaster. At July, 27, 1989, KAL KE-803 was crashed on landing at Tripoli International Airport, Liba. The plane was caught in fire and sixty eight Koreans were sacrified. The majority of victims were severely charred and injured. The authors examed all dead bodies and successfully identified all the cases through visual, anthropological, odontological, radiological and pathological methods including fingerprint and blood typing.

요골동맥을 이용한 관동맥 조영술의 유용성

윤정한,이승환,이한요,김장영,김일회,최윤종,이형준,이명옥,김승년,황성오,홍인수,최경훈 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.10

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

성인 남자의 의복 설계를 위한 신체계측 분석 연구

이명희,장정아,양진,박정순 服飾文化學會 1996 服飾文化硏究 Vol.4 No.2

The purpose of this study is to analysis men's mesurement and index to provide the fundamental information for clothing design which can reflect the characteristic of their bodies. The items of study were composed 34 items in mesurement and 31 items in index. An anthropometric database used for this study was the 1992 national anthropometric survcy of Koreans. An anthropometric database used for this study was the 1992 national anthropometric survcy of Koreans. The range of sample was 1.059men from 25 to 55 years old. The results obtained are as follows. 1) Men showed statue to waist height was 5 to 3, statue to trochanter height was 2 to 9 and waist height to torso was 5 to 2.1. 2) We have obtained 8 factors from the result of factor analysis in index. 3) As the result of cluster analysis about somatotype, men were typed two which were contrary to each other. And as the result of t-test between type 1 and type 2,upper body (factor 5), fat factors(factor 2, 6). and body propotion (factor 4) were intent to each other. Therefore type 1 was peculiar about the factors of 2, 5, 6, and type 2 was about factor

프랙탈의 반복함수계를 이용한 웨이블릿 기반 워터마킹 기법 연구

장명환,황선태,이 형 대전대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 산업기술연구소 論文集 Vol.11 No.2

본 논문은 프랙탈의 반복함수계를 이용한 웨이블릿 기반의 워터마킹 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법에서는, 3-단계 웨이블릿 변환을 통하여 이미지를 주파수 대역으로 변환한다. 워터마크는 반복함수의 출력벡터의 수를 조절하여 생성한다. 견고성 향상을 위해 고주파수 대역뿐만 아니라, 저주파수 대역인 LL 대역에도 워터마크를 삽입한다. 또한, 워터마킹 영상의 화질저하를 줄이기 위해 웨이블릿 변환 단계마다 가중치를 다르게 부여한다. 실험결과, 기존의 Cox 방법과 비교할 때 잡음첨가, 부분 삭제 그리고 필터링등의 공격들에 대하여 화질과 견고성면에서 향상된 결과를 보였다. In this paper, the watermarking technique using the Iterated Function System based on wavelet transform is proposed. In this method, the image is chanced into coefficients of frequency domain by 3-level wavelet transform. We adjusted the number of Iterated Function Output Vectors and then generated watermarks. We intended to improve the robustness of the watermark by embedding the watermark not only into high-pass band(LH, HL, HH) but into low-pass band(LL). Also the scaling parameters are used differently in each wavelet transformation levels in order to reduce the distortion of watermarked image. The experimental results show that our proposed method has better image quality and robustness to the attacks of noise addition, cropping and filtering than those of existing Cox's method.

40세 이하 관상동맥 질환자에서 장기적 임상 관찰

이승욱,정명호,박종철,박형욱,조상희,김원,김계훈,이상현,강경태,조장현,김남호,김건형,안영근,조정관,박종춘,강정채 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.2

인간 면역부전 바이러스(HIV) 감염자 사이에서의 1기 및 2기 매독의 유행

장희창,조재현,박완범,이기덕,이창섭,김홍빈,오명돈,최강원 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.6

목적 : 국내 HIV 감염자 사이에서 발생한 매독의 유행을 보고하고, 그 역학적 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 1999년 7월부터 2003년 9월까지 서울대학교 병원에서 추적 관찰을 받아온 HIV 감염자를 대상으로 하여 1기 및 2기 매독의 발생을 조사하였다. 발생률을 정확히 구하기 위해 추적 관찰을 받은 모든 HIV 감염자의 인년을 6개월 간격으로 구하였다. 결과 : 51개월 동안, 465명의 HIV 감염자가 서울대학교 병원에서 추적 관찰을 받았다. 이중 38명이 1기 및 2기 매독으로 진단되었다. 1기 및 2기 매독의 발생률은 이기간 동안 100인년 당 4.1명이었다. 1999년 7월부터 2001년 12월 사이에는 발생자가 없었으나, 이후 발생률은 꾸준히 증가하여 2003년 9월에는 100인년 당 18.8명이 되었다. 1기 및 2기 매독의 발생률은 동성애자 및 양성애자에서 이성애자에서보다 4.3배 높았고, HAART로 치료를 받지 않은 환자에서 HAART로 치료를 받고 있던 환자에서 보다 10.9배 높았다. 결론 : 2002년부터 국내 HIV 감염자 사이에서 1기 및 2기 매독이 유행하기 시작하였고, 이러한 유행은 동성애자와 양성애자 및 HAART로 치료를 받고 있지 않던 사람 사이에서 발생하였다. Background : This study was performed to characterize the epidemiologic and clinical features of outbreak of syphilis among HIV sero-positive patients in Korea. Materials and Methods : A retrospective case review of patients diagnosed with primary and secondary syphilis from July 1999 to September 2003 was carried out at Seoul National University Hospital in Korea. To estimate the incidence, person-years (PYs) of all HIV sero-positive patients, who visited the hospital in the same period, were calculated every 6 months. Results : In a 51 month period, 465 HIV-positive patients were followed up at Seoul National University Hospital. 38 cases of primary and secondary syphilis were diagnosed. The incidence of primary and secondary syphilis was 4.1 per 100 PYs during the study period. There was no case from July 1999 to December 2001, and then the incidence rose until September 2003 from 5.5 per 100 PYs in 1999 to 18.8 per 100 PYs in 2003. The rate of primary and secondary syphilis was 4.3 times higher among homosexual and bisexual men than heterosexual men (95% CI 1.87 to 11.17), and 10.9 times higher among patients who did not receive HAART than patients who were receiving HAART (95% CI 5.47 to 21.79). Conclusion : The outbreak of primary and secondary syphilis among HIV-positive patients started in 2002 and has been escalating, especially among homosexual/bisexual men and in patients who did not receive HAART.

갓김치의 이화학적, 미생물학적 및 관능적 특성에 발효숙성 온도가 미치는 영향

이규한,장명숙,박삼수 단국대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

As a part of the improvement of taste and shelf-life, the effects of fermentation temperature on the physicochemical characteristics of mustard leaf kimchi was examined. The setting of fermentation temperature and time in this experiment was as follows : type A-stored in the refrigerator under the constant rate of 4℃ right after preparation, type B-stored in the refrigerator of 10℃, after the progression for 60 days with the same treatment as the type A method, type C-constant fermentation in 10℃, type D-12hrs, fermentation with the same treatment as the type C method and stored under 4℃ condition and type E- 36hrs. fermentation in 10℃ refrigerator and stored under 4℃ condition. The result was as follow: the value of pH of the mustard leaf kimchi was 5.24 right after preparation. As the pH values of the mustard leaf kimchi in the palatable pariod, 4.6∼4.8 have been reported by preinvestigator. In this experiment, the palatable period when the values of pH were 4.6∼4.8 were as follows : type A - 78∼96 days, type B- 66∼72 days, type C- 18∼30 days, type D- 68∼80 days, and type E- 60∼78 days. In these periods, total acid content were as follows : type A- 0.78∼0.82%, type B- 070∼0.90%, type C- 0.73∼0.80%, type D- 0.79∼0.80%, and type E- 0.74∼0.80%. In the initial period of the fermentation of the mustard leaf kimchi the values of pH were lower and total acid content were higher than those of oriental cabbage kimchi, and the both times required to reach the palatable period and keep the palatable period was long. Total vitamin C content decreased according to the increase of fermentation days, but at the palatable period it increased in the range of 12.5∼20.0㎎%, after that, it decreased slowly, type A showed that the value decreased slowly, and type B and type D showed low values. About the color of the mustard leaf kimchi, the values of L decreased at begining then increased again, that of a decreased, on the other hand, that of b increased. On the microbiological properties of the mustard leaf kimchi, as the fermentation progressed, the cell number increased. The total and lactic acid bacteria cell numbers in type E were 3.0×10 exp(8)∼1.0×10 exp(10) respectively in the palatable period and these numbers were the highest values.