Predicting postoperative total calcium requirements after parathyroidectomy in secondary hyperparathyroidism

( Byung Heon Kang ),( Soon Young Hwang ),( Jeong Yeop Kim ),( Yu Ah Hong ),( Mi Yeon Jung ),( Eun Ah Lee ),( Ji Eun Lee3 ),( Jae Bok Lee ),( Gang Jee Ko ),( Heui Jung Pyo ),( Young Joo Kwon ) 대한내과학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.30 No.6

Background/Aims: To prevent hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy (PTX), parenteral calcium is required in addition to oral calcitriol and calcium. After switching to oral calcium, patients can be discharged from the hospital. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of PTX performed at a single Korean center and to investigate the associated laboratory factors used to analyze the total amount of postoperative calcium required. Methods: We enrolled 91 hemodialysis patients undergoing PTX from November 2003 to December 2011. We collected clinical and laboratory data preoperatively, 12 and 48 hours postoperatively, at discharge, and 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Results: In total, 59 patients underwent PTX with autotransplantation (AT), 6 underwent total PTX without AT, 11 underwent subtotal PTX, and 15 underwent limited PTX. Total PTX without AT showed the lowest recurrence rate. At all postoperative time points, the mean levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) decreased significantly, compared with preoperative levels; however, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased significantly from 48 hours postoperatively to discharge (p < 0.001). On multiple linear regression analysis, the total amount of injected calcium during hospitalization showed a significant correlation with preoperative ALP (p < 0.001), preoperative iPTH (p = 0.037), and Δphosphorus at 48 hours (p < 0.001). We developed an equation for estimating the total calcium requirement after PTX. Conclusions: Preoperative ALP, preoperative iPTH, and Δphosphorus at 48 hours may be significant factors in estimating the postoperative calcium requirement. The formula for postoperative calcium requirement after PTX may help to predict the duration of postoperative hospitalization.

Do Unions Increase Training to Improve Firm Competitiveness?

Lee,Young Myon,Na,In-Gang 한국인적자원관리학회 2012 인적자원관리연구 Vol.19 No.2

노동조합은 임금수준, 직장안정, 그리고 근로조건뿐 아니라 근로자의 삶을 향상시키는데 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있다. 노동조합은 또한 노동비용을 증가시키고, 시장에서 기업의 경쟁력을 저해하는 역할을 수행할 수 있다. 높은 노동비용을 부담하는 유노조 기업이 시장에서 어떻게 생존할 수 있는지를 탐색하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 경쟁이 심화되는 시장에서 경쟁우위를 유지하기 위하여서는 높은 수준의 인적자원 그리고 훈련 프로그램의 적극적 참여를 통한 기술과 지식의 지속적인 향상이 전제되어야 할 것이다. 노동조합에 의한 독려를 통한 근로자의 교육 및 개발에의 참여가 경쟁우위의 유지에 공헌할 것이다. 단순 통계 분석에서 유노조 기업이 근로자에게 더 높은 임금을 주며, 더 많은 교육을 제공하고 있다. 이러한 사실이 노동조합의 높은 임금요구에 따른 노동비용 상승 분을, 높은 생산성을 가져오는 교육으로 상쇄하고 있음을 반영하고 있다. 그러나 노동조합이 교육 및 개발비용에 미치는 효과는 다른 통제 변인들이 추가되었을 경우 사라지고 있다. 더욱이, 노동조합이 다양한 측정의 성과에 미치는 영향 역시 유의적이지 않았다. 반면에, 일인당 훈련비용은 다양한 측정의 성과에 유의적인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 시사점을 제시 하고 있다. Unions in Korea have had strong impact on improving the life of workers, including wage level, job security, and working conditions. This strong impact, however, also increased labor cost and may have actually hindered companies' competitiveness in the market, particularly in the global market. The question asked in this paper is how do unionized companies with higher labor costs survive in the market? To maintain competitive advantage in the highly competitive global market, highly qualified human resources and continuous upgrading in skills and knowledgethorough active participation in training program, are necessary conditions. The worker's participation, promoted by the union, in training and development may contribute to maintain the competitive advantage of the company. Simple statistics show that unionized companies pay workers more and train them more than nounionized companies do. This may lead to the explanation that unions get more from the company but compensate higher labor cost with more training which may lead to higher productivity. As shown in Korea Investors Service dataset, the absolute levels of per capita sales, ordinary revenue, and net revenue are higher in unionized companies with higher per capita labor cost. However, the effect of unions on training and development cost disappears when some other control variables are included in the model. Furthermore, the union variable was neither statistically significant in the random effect model for company performance on attitudinal measures such as job competency and workers’ motivation nor on financial measures such as per capita value-added, sales, and revenues. Meanwhile, the per capita training cost variable keeps its statistical significance in most of the models analyzed. To survive and prosper under the globalized competition, union may need to bargain not only wages and job security, but also company's competitiveness to help the company survive in the market. One simple but strong way of helping the company to be competitive in the market is upgrading skills and knowledge of union members.

노동조합가입 결정요인에 관한 연구

이영면,나인강 동국대학교 경제경영연구원 2000 經濟經營硏究 Vol.24 No.1

Since 1989 the union membership in Korea has been decreased in both ratio and absolute numbers. The foreign currency crisis at the end of 1997 accelerated the trend. To figure out the determinants of joining the union, a sample of 1,223 Korean workers from the Daewoo Panel Data, KHPS in 1996 was analyzed under the assumption that the workers decide to join the union if their utility function is positive. The probit regression analysis showed that workers at large-size firms in Seoul area are more likely to join the union than workers at medium-to-small size firms in non-Seoul area. Sex, age, or educational level does not show any statistical difference in joining union. Workers in banking or transportation industry show higher probability in joining union than workers in manufacturing or retailing industry.

Risperidone이 백서의 억제된 자발적 교대행동에 미치는 영향

이기철,이정호,김진규,정홍경,천강훈,류정환,최영민,전성일 대한생물치료정신의학회 1998 생물치료정신의학 Vol.4 No.2

Objectives : Recently, some case reports have shown that risperidone is effective to refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Possible explanations for efficacy of risperidone in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder maybe due to that it is both serolonin and dopamine receptor antagonist. On the basis of serotonin-dopamine interaction hypothesis, a biological etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder, the effect of risperidone was evaluated to the suppressed spontaneous alternation behaviour of animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder in rats. Methods : The apparatus for spontaneous alternation behaviour was a black plexiglas T-maze with distinctive black and white goal boxes. Black gullotine doors separated the start box and the goal boxes from the main body of the T-maze Small cups were placed in the corners of both goal boxes(all arms measured 50×10cm) 24 hours prior to experiment, rats(Spraque-Dawley) were food-deprived. The food-deprived rats were put into T-maze, in which both goal boxes were baited with small amounts of chocolate milk. Each rat was given 2 set of 7 trials during which it was placed in the start box and allowed to choose the one of the goal boxes for checked. After baseline of the number of choices of spontaneous alternation behaviour was stabilized, the pontaneous alternation disrupted by nonselective 5-HT agonist, 5-MeODMT (1.25mg/kg/IP). The experimental animals were stratified into 5 groups, fluoxetine(10mg/kg/IP), risperidone(0.1mg/Kg/IP), haloperidol(0.1㎎/Kg/IP), fluoxetine(10mg/Kg) with haloperidol(0.1 mg/Kg), and saline(0.5cc/IP) control group. Each drugs were injected for 21 days as a chronic treatment. The protective effects were evaluated on the nest day of discontinuation of the each drugs among 5 groups. Results : 1) After 21 days of the drug treatment, the risperidone group and the fluoxetine group showed significant difference from the haloperidol group and the saline control group on the protection of the 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. 2) The fluoxetine group and fluoxetine with haloperidol group showed significant difference between before and after treatment in the protection of 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. The risperidone group also showed significant difference between before and after treatment in the protection of 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour, but the protective effect of risperidone was superior to fluoxetine. Conclusion : These findings suggest that both risperidone and fluoxetine have a favorable effect in the protection of 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. We think that risperidone can be possible alternatives to SSRIs in the treatment of refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder in clinical situation.

괴사후성과 비괴사후성 간경변증에서 원인별 주석교질 (^99mTc-tin colloid) 간스캔의 차이

이헌영,허승식,이강욱,정현용,김삼용,신영태,김영건,노흥규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1992 충남의대잡지 Vol.19 No.2

The differences of the liver scintigraphic features between postnecrotic and nonpostnecrotic liver cirrhosis were studied for 69 patients. Degrees of mottling and splenomegaly were no different between two groups but shrinked form was more frequent finding in postnecrotic type(23:10), and normal shape & enlarged left lobe with shrinked right lobe were relatively dominant in non-postnecrotic group(15:6, 10:2). Grade of extrahepatic uptake of ^99mTc-tin colloid was significantly higher in Child-Pugh B & C group than A group(p<0.05), but there was no difference between postnecrotic and non-postnecrotic groups. These will be important results on the dicision for the presence of cirrhosis according to the variable causes.

부산시 소재 각급 학교에 대한 대기오염도의 비교분석

이현희,정장표,장영환,이무강 慶星大學校 環境問題硏究所 2002 環境硏報 Vol.12 No.1

According to the conclusion of this study, air pollution concentration of Youngdo-gu belong to Seobu educational institution was in the lowest density.(SO_2 : 0.002 ppm, PM-10 : 32 ㎍/㎥, No_2 : 0.016 ppm) and Dongnae-gu belong to Dongnae educational institution was in the highest.(SO_2 : 0.002 ppm, PM-10 : 88㎍/㎥, No_2 : 0.047 ppm) Air pollution level by classification of each educational institution about elementary schools, middle schools, high schools in Busan appeared that the pollution level about all air pollutants appeared high in Dongnae, Dongbu, Bukbu, Haeundae, Nambu, Seobu in due order. Air pollution level by classification of each Gu about elementary schools, middle schools, high schools in Busan appeared that the pollution level of Geumjeong-gu was very high (SO_2 : 0.002 ppm, No_2 : 0.047 ppm, PM-10 : 89 ㎍/㎥) and level of pollution around high school in Busan was the highest. To improve air quality getting worse day by day, steady and systematic control of observing the air quality standards should be continued. The more effective and active method of air quality improvement should be considered.

자동차 배기관의 비접촉 진동 측정

이종남,장강원,이신영 한국공작기계학회 2006 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

In this work, the vibration of an automobile exhaust system is measured by using a recently-developed magnetic sensor. The magnetic sensor is composed of a solenoid and two pairs of permanent magnets generating an antisymmetric magnetic field in the lateral direction inside the solenoid. Lateral movement of a ferromagnetic pipe inside the magnetic field of the suggested sensor induces an electromotive force in the solenoid corresponding to the lateral velocity of the pipe. Due to the simplicity and non-contact characteristics of the magnetic sensor, dynamic behaviors of the structures operating under high temperature such as an exhaust pipe can be efficiently observed. It is shown that the lateral vibration of the exhaust system can be successfully measured by the suggested sensors. The Campbell diagram of the exhaust system is plotted to examine the vibration characteristics of the exhaust system.

갑상선 질환에서 혈청 Microsome 항체 측정의 의의

윤영옥,장순모,박호자,이준열,양기화,정인숙,강석진 대한임상병리사협회 1984 임상병리사회지 Vol.16 No.1

C6 glia 세포에서 유도성 Nitric Oxide Synthase 유전자 발현조절에 관한 연구

배진영,허강민,배소현,박지선,이충재,이재흔,석정호 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1

To investigate transcriptional regulation of iNOS gene by LPS and cytokines, the production of NO, expression of iNOS mRNA and protein, binding activity of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-kB), and promoter activity of iNOS gene were examined in rat C6 glial cells. LPS, interferon-gamma(IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) stimulated the production of NO, which was increased synergistically by co-treatment. By the treatment of LPS, iNOS mRNA expression was initiated at 1 h, markedly increased by 3 h, and decreased gradually afterward. iNOS mRNA expression was markedly enhanced by mixture of LPS, IFN-γ and TNF-α. iNOS protein synthesis was increased by the treatment of mixture LPS and cytokine mixture. Treatment of LPS stimulated NF-kB activation, and the activation reached to the maximum level at 30 min, and the treatment of mixture of LPS and cytokines increased the activation. To determine the effect of NF-kB binding activity on iNOS promoter activation, CAT assay was performed. iNOS promoter activity was increased by the treatment with LPS for 5.5 h, and further increased by the combined treatment with LPS and cytokines. These results suggest that NF-kB activation by LPS and cytokines may play a significant role in the induction of the iNOS gene.

Nicotine이 발생중인 鷄胎의 體重 成長에 미치는 영향

金武剛,金弘善,柳時潤,申台均,李永浩,趙聲煥 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1985 충남의대잡지 Vol.12 No.2

The authors studies the effects of Nicotine on the Body weight growth of the developmental chick embryo. On the sixth day of incubation, 0.41mg, 0.82mg and 1.65mg of Nicotine were injected into the chorioallantoic sac of each egg of three groups and one group was injected physiological saline solution as a control, and the eggs were broken for weighting the body weight in every other day from the twelfth day to eighteenth day of incubation. In an attempt to analyze the growth of the body weights, growth formula of Zimmerman and relative growth formula of Huxley were applied. The following results were obtained. 1. The growth of chick embryo boby weight was affected as inhibiting by the Nicotine. The inhibiting effects were in proportion to the injected Nicotine dosage. 2. The growth quantity of the body weight injected 1.65mg was almost half weight of the control group body weight. 3. Growth rate was decreased continuously with tine until 18th day in the 1.65mg injected group but it was increased in 0.41mg and 0.82mg injected group with time lapse from 12th day to 18th day, and 0.41mg injected group was more increased than 0.82mg injected group. 4. Specific growth rate decreased in the all of 0.41mg, 0.82mg and 1.65mg injected group and in the decrease degree 1.65mg and 0.82mg injected group ware severe and 0.41mg injected group was slight. 5. Growth centers of growth gradient were 12th day in the 0.41mg injected group and 18th day in the 0.82mg and 1.65mg injected groups. 6. Relative growth rate was also decreased proportionally in related with injected Nicotine dosage.