Clozapine이 백서의 억제된 자발적 교대 행동에 미치는 영향

천강훈,이기철,이정호,최영민,전성일,정홍경,류정환,최미 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.5

연구목적 : 강박장애의 생물학적 원인론중 세로토닌-도파민 상호작용 가설에 적합한 5-HT₂ 수용체와 도파민 D₂수용체를 동시에 차단하는 약물의 일종인 cloazpine과 세라토닌 재흡수 차단약물인 clomipramine, 그리고 도파민 D₂수용체 차단 약물인 haloperidol을 실험백서의 강박장애 동물모형에 투여하여 자발적 교대 행동에 미치는 영향을 비교, 측정하였다. 그 결과로서 1) 세라토닌 수용체와 도파민 수용체를 동시에 차단하는 약물의 효과를 확인하고, 2) 세라토닌과 도파민 수용체 동시차단 약물의 효과가 확인되면 임상적으로 기존의 세라토닌 재흡수 차단약물에 반응을 보이지 않는 강박장애 환자 치료에 세라토닌 수용체와 도파민 수용체를 동시에 차단하는 비전형적인 항정신병 약물들이 강박장애의 치료에 유용하게 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 제시하고자 하였다. 실험재료 및 연구방법 : 실험동물은 동일한 배에서 출생한 수컷 Spraque-Dawley 백서를 사용하였다. 자발적 교대 행동(spontaneous alternation behaviour : 이하 SAB)을 시험하기 위해 SAB의 기준치를 구하고 난 후, SAB을 차단하기 위한 방법으로 비선택적 세라토닌 순응제인 5-MeODMT(5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltrytamine)를 투여하였다. 실험백서들을 clomipramine(5㎎/㎏), clozapine(10㎎/㎏), clozapine(20㎎/㎏), haloperidol(0.1㎎/㎏), 그리고 saline(0.2cc) 투여군으로 나누고 21일에 걸쳐서 복강내 주사하였다. 실험약물 투여가 끝난 다음날인 22일째에 5-MeODMT(5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine : 1.25㎎/㎏/IP)를 각각의 실험동물군에게 투여하고 실험약물의 만성투여가 5-MeODMT 투여로 억제되는 SAB을 얼마나 호전시키는 지를 측정하였다. 모든 자료는 SPSS for window 7.5으로 통계처리 하였다. SAB의 기준치 5-MeODMT 투여로 억제되는 SAB의 효과, 실험약물의 만성투여에 따른 SAB의 변화는 일원분산분석을 사용하였으며, 사후검증은 Scheffe 검증을 적용하였다. 각 군내에서 기준치와 5-MeODMT 투여로 억제되는 SAB의 변화, 그리고 실험약물의 만성투여에 따른 SAB의 변화는 다중변량분석을 시행하였다. 결과 및 결론 : 역구결과 실험동물은 T-형 미로의 SAB에서 평균 1.33±0.36회의 훈련 기준치를 보였다. 5-MeODMT 주사후 , 실험동물의 SAB치는 3.12±0.63회를 보여 강박행동이 유발하였다. 21일간의 실험약물 투여후, 22일째에 5-MeODMT 주사에 대한 SAB의 반응은 clozapine 투여군과 clomipramine 투여군이 halo-peridol 투여군과 saline 투여군에 비하여 유의하게 낮은 수치를 보여 5-MeODMT투여로 억제된 SAB을 호전시키는 소견을 나타냈다. 각 실험동물군 내에서 각각의 SAB 훈련 기준치와 실험약물 투여 전후에 5-MeODMT 투여로 인한 SAB을 비교한 바, clomipramine 투여군은 약물투여 전에 5-MeODMT로 억제된 SAB이 약물투여후 의미있게 호전되었다. 한편, clozapine 투여군도 약물 투여전에 5-MeODMT로 억제된 SAB가 약물투여후 의미있게 호전되었으며, 이런 SAB의 호전은 clomipramine 투여군보다 우수하였다. 이상의 연구결과로 보아, 강박장애의 생물학적 병리론을 이해하는데 있어 세라토닌-도파민 상호작용 가설이 의미가 있음을 추정할 수 있었다. 향후, 강박장애의 임상치료에서 전형적인 SSRIs 치료에 반응치 않는 환자들에게 세라토닌-도파민 동시차단제인 비전형적인 약물의 단독투여를 시행하는 후속연구를 기대해 본다. Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the role of the 5-HT₂and dopamine D₂antagonist on spontaneous alteration behaviour which is an animal modal of obsessive-compulsive disorder in rat. On the basis of serotonin-dopamine interaction hypothesis, the effect of clozapine was evaluated by applying the suppressed spontaneous alternation behaviour model. Methods : The apparatus for spontaneous alternation behaviour was a black plexiglas T-maze with distinctive black and white goal boxes. Black guillotine doors separated the start box and the goal boxes from the main body of the T-maze. Small cups of chocolate milk were placed in the corners of both goal boxes. At 24 hours prior to experiment, rats(Spraque-Dawley) food-deprived. The food-deprived rats were put into T-maze, in which both goal boxes were baited with small amounts of chocolate milk. Each rat was given 2 set of 7 trials during which it was placed in the start box and allowed to choose one of the goal boxes for each time. The mean number of choices until the occurrence of spontaneous alternation behaviour were checked. After baseline of the number of choices of spontaneous alternation behaviour was stabilized, the spontaneous alternation was disrupted by nonselective 5-HT agonist, 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/Kg/IP), The experimental animals were stratified into 5 groups :clomipramine(5mg/Kg/IP), clozapine(10mg/Kg/IP), clozapine(20mg/Kg/IP), haloperidol(0.1mg/Kg /IP), and saline(0.2cc/IP) control groups. They all went through 21 days fo treatment(intraperitoneal). The protective effects against the 5-MeODMT-induced disruption of spontaneous alternation behaviour were evaluated on the next day of drug treatment in each group. Results : 1) SAB was suppressed by 5-MeODMT injection. 2) After 21 days of the drug treatment, the clozapine and the clomipramine groups showed significant difference from the haloperidol and the saline control groups in the reversal of 5-MeODMT-induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. 3) The clozapine (20mg/kg/IP) group was superior to the clomipramine group in the protective effect of 5-MeODMT-induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. Conclusion : In clinical situation, the we think that atypical antipsychotic drugs those acting as serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonist with no extrapyramidal side effect can be beneficial to improve the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Negative Thermal Effects on the Structural Order of Methoxy–terminated Mono(Ethylene Glycol) Ethanethiol Self-assembled Monolayers on Au(111)

강훈구,성시천,한슬기,손영지,박종익,노재근 대한화학회 2019 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.40 No.4

Effect of Immersion Time on the Structure of Octanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111) at an Elevated Solution Temperature

이남석,강훈구,성시천,노재근 대한화학회 2019 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.40 No.12

STM images showing the phase transition of OT SAMs on Au(111) from the closely packed c(4???2) phase to the loosely packed (6???√3)25° phase.

Risperidone이 백서의 억제된 자발적 교대행동에 미치는 영향

이기철,이정호,김진규,정홍경,천강훈,류정환,최영민,전성일 대한생물치료정신의학회 1998 생물치료정신의학 Vol.4 No.2

Objectives : Recently, some case reports have shown that risperidone is effective to refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Possible explanations for efficacy of risperidone in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder maybe due to that it is both serolonin and dopamine receptor antagonist. On the basis of serotonin-dopamine interaction hypothesis, a biological etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder, the effect of risperidone was evaluated to the suppressed spontaneous alternation behaviour of animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder in rats. Methods : The apparatus for spontaneous alternation behaviour was a black plexiglas T-maze with distinctive black and white goal boxes. Black gullotine doors separated the start box and the goal boxes from the main body of the T-maze Small cups were placed in the corners of both goal boxes(all arms measured 50×10cm) 24 hours prior to experiment, rats(Spraque-Dawley) were food-deprived. The food-deprived rats were put into T-maze, in which both goal boxes were baited with small amounts of chocolate milk. Each rat was given 2 set of 7 trials during which it was placed in the start box and allowed to choose the one of the goal boxes for checked. After baseline of the number of choices of spontaneous alternation behaviour was stabilized, the pontaneous alternation disrupted by nonselective 5-HT agonist, 5-MeODMT (1.25mg/kg/IP). The experimental animals were stratified into 5 groups, fluoxetine(10mg/kg/IP), risperidone(0.1mg/Kg/IP), haloperidol(0.1㎎/Kg/IP), fluoxetine(10mg/Kg) with haloperidol(0.1 mg/Kg), and saline(0.5cc/IP) control group. Each drugs were injected for 21 days as a chronic treatment. The protective effects were evaluated on the nest day of discontinuation of the each drugs among 5 groups. Results : 1) After 21 days of the drug treatment, the risperidone group and the fluoxetine group showed significant difference from the haloperidol group and the saline control group on the protection of the 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. 2) The fluoxetine group and fluoxetine with haloperidol group showed significant difference between before and after treatment in the protection of 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. The risperidone group also showed significant difference between before and after treatment in the protection of 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour, but the protective effect of risperidone was superior to fluoxetine. Conclusion : These findings suggest that both risperidone and fluoxetine have a favorable effect in the protection of 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. We think that risperidone can be possible alternatives to SSRIs in the treatment of refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder in clinical situation.

복분자뿌리추출물의 지루피부염 치료에의 활용가능성에 관한 연구

임윤영,김범준,장우선,김형미,김민영,오상아,박진오,김연태,박종호,천영진,이지원,문권기,김명남,박영민,강훈 대한의진균학회 2011 대한의진균학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Background: Seborrheic dermatitis is chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disorder. Bokbunja (Rubus coreanus Miquel) is a wild berry to Rosaceae genus and also known to have an anti-inflammation effect. Objective: We were to determine the effect of Rubus coreanus Miquel extract for seborrheic dermatitis in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Seven patients with mild seborrheic dermatitis were enrolled in this study. PCR and culture were performed to identify subtypes of six Malassezia species (M. restricta, M. globosa, M. furfur, M. slooffiae, M. sympodialis, M. obtusa). Topical application of Rubus coreanus Miquel Extract was applied twice daily for 2 weeks. Clinical improvement and safety assessment were performed initially and 2weeks later. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated on Malassezia globosa comparing with ketoconazole and itraconazole. Sebum production was also checked prior the experiment and 2weeks later. Results: Five of seven patients showed improvement. No significant adverse effects were found during the clinical trial. Mild dryness was reported in 2 patients but they resolved spontaneously without any treatment. Rubus coreanus Miquel Extract didn't show antimicrobial effect to Malassezia globosa. However, Rubus coreanus Miquel Extract showed anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusion: In this study, we were verified that Rubus coreanus Miquel Extract can be applied for seborrheic dermatitis treatment. And this action mechanism is not related with antimicrobial effect.

탄화 한지사/난연 레이온 복합사 직물의 흡착 특성

김강훈,서해천,배홍인,김도환,길명섭 한국섬유공학회 2023 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.60 No.3

The carbonized fabric with different Hanji yarn/FR-rayon composition was preparedto characterize morphological, chemical, and adsorption properties after heat treatmentsuch as stabilization (280 oC) and carbonization (600 and 800oC). The HR67 800 (Hanjiyarn/FR-rayon=67/33 wt/wt%, carbonization 800oC) showed the highest specific surfacearea of 567.52 m2/g and total pore volume of 0.2491 cm3/g, which exhibited the highestammonia gas adsorption and toluene liquid adsorption. It was confirmed that the gasadsorption characteristics of as-prepared fabric were dominated by the carbonization temperature,while its liquid adsorption was dominated by the Hanji yarn content.

전처리와 침투제가 한지사 염색에 미치는 영향

김강훈,서해천,김현철,이선영,길명섭 한국섬유공학회 2019 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.56 No.3

Knitted fabrics made from the Hanji yarn occasionally experience serious dyeing problems due to the color difference (ΔE) between the regular and defective parts/regions, owing to the fiber fineness. This study investigates the effects of pretreatment and a penetrating agent on the dyeing properties of the Hanji knit fabrics to solve the color variation problem. We found that the use of a penetrating agent increased the water absorption of the Hanji yarn, while pretreatment using a surfactant (sera wash®) and sodium hydroxide had more significant effects. Additionally, strong bleaching using hydrogen peroxide (25 g/l) reduced the color difference between the regular and defective parts/regions, thus improving the dyeing properties without significant loss of tensile strength.

통계적 분석을 통한 배기 파이프의 피로수명 예측

조재천(Jaecheon Jo),사정환(Junghwan Sa),이강훈(Kanghun Lee),이윤권(Yoonkwon Lee),이기주(Kiju Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2013 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.5

Failure of the exhaust pipe can cause air pollution by reducing ability of exhaust gas purification and can cause noise pollution and ride quality degradation by reducing ability of noise isolation. Therefore, it should ensure high reliability of the product to meet the growing environmental regulations and the needs of consumers. However, under actual conditions of use, it spends a lot of time and cost in order to develop products of high reliability. Therefore, accelerated life test to estimate the relationship between stress and life is performed to predict the actual life from the observed data through tests of the product by promoting the failure of products in severe conditions than real use conditions. The purpose of this study is estimating lifetime of exhaust pipes through statistical analysis and to evaluate average life in short term. This study was applied by the statistical analysis method of ASTM E739.