변색 실활치에 대한 carbamide peroxide gel의 표백효과

박선아,김선호,황윤찬,오병주,윤창,박영준,정선와,황인남,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4

The bleaching of discolored nonvital teeth is conservative treatement that satisfy the cosmetic desire. The most common method for this treatement, walking bleaching, is using 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. Many alternatives are suggested for preventing the external cervical root resorption that is the common complication of the nonvital teeth bleaching with 30% hydrogen peroxide. The same extent of oxidation reactions as that resulted by the bleaching with the application of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate can also be acquired more safely by materials that contain 10% carbamide peroxide, used primarily for the bleaching of vital teeth. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel in nonvatal teeth bleaching. The internal bleaching of intentionally discolored teeth was performed in vitro with 10% carbamide peroxide (Group 1), 15% carbamide peroxide (Group 2), mixture of distilled water and sodium perborate (Group 3), and mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate (Group 4). The bleaching materials were refreshed following 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. To evaluate the bleaching effect, the color change of the crowns was measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 15 days of bleaching using the colorimeter. The results were as follows : 1. L^* and ΔE^* values were increased with time in all bleaching agents(p<0.01). 2. There was no significant difference in L^* and ΔE^* value among bleaching agents. 3. Δ^* value higher than 3 was shown after 3 days of bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide gel, 1 day with 15% carbamide peroxide gel, 4 days with mixture sodium perborate and distilled water and 4 days with mixture sodium perborate and 30% hydrogen peroxide, respectively. These results revealed that the use of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel in non-vital teeth bleaching is as effective as mixture of distilled water and sodium perborate and mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. Accordingly, carbamide peroxide could be used clinically to bleach discolored non-vital teeth.

국어 부름말의 유형 연구

황병순(Hwang, Byung-Sun) 한국어문학회 2017 語文學 Vol.0 No.137

A Korean summons is used for the identification of ‘the function words for referring’, combining with ‘modal expressions’ and its types are determined by ‘referring function words’. As for Korean summons, the function words for referring can be distinguished by their morphological characteristics and social norms, and morphological characteristics and social norms which determine the types of summons can be considered semantic features of Korean summons. The semantic features are therefore affected by the following factors: the existence of the function word for referring, the speaker’s awareness of the person being addressed, the hierarchical relationship between speakers, and the involvement of a sense of belonging, as shown in 〈Fig. 1〉. In addition, Korean summons can be divided into the eight types: ‘common noun,’ ‘kinship term,’ ‘title term,’ ‘proper noun,’ ‘semi-proper noun,’ ‘indirect referent,’ ‘request,’ and ‘attention’ according to the sematic features embedded in those summons. Types of these summons are encaptulsated in 〈Table 2〉. In modern Korean language, the summons have undergone many changes due to the changes of social norms which affect the construction of summons. The changing patterns are observed as follows: First, the border between an acquaintance and a stranger is blurred. The use of ‘common noun’ summons used for a conversation with strangers is replaced by the ‘kinship term’ or ‘title term’ summons. Secondly, the distinction between young and old is reduced to the disappearance of ‘semi-proper noun’ or the changing usage of ‘indirect referents’. Thirdly, the mark of hierarchy between the speakers shows variations. Finally, the frequency of using ‘attention summons’ is gradually increasing.

백서에서 Depulpin®과 Formocresol에 대한 치수와 치근단 조직의 반응

문형인,김선호,황윤찬,오병주,황인남,김선헌,정선와,윤창,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4

One fifth dilution of formocresol is usually for pulpotomy of the primary teeth and emergency pulpotomy of the permanent teeth. However, the use of formaldehyde has been subjected to criticism because it may be absorbed into the blood stream and become distributed systemically, it may also alter the pulp tissue rendering it immumologically active, and have carcinogenic potential. Recently Depulpin®(VoCo., Germany) gains popularity as a devitalizing agent during root canal therapy in spite of high concentration of 49% paraformaldehyde because it facilitate devitalization of pulp and make root canal therapy easier. But there have been not enough publications about the reaction of pulp and periapical tissue caused by Depulpin. This study was performed to evaluate the histological changes in pulp and periapical tissue of rats after pulpotomy using formocresol and Depulpin and to elucidate the toxic effects of these agents. Thirty six Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine. Maxillary first molar teeth were used for pulpotomy with formocresol and Depulpin. Rats were sacrificed after 2 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks respectively. Specimens were histologically observed by light microscope changes in pulp and periapical tissue. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Formocresol group A zone of fixed tissue, in which odontoblasts could clearly be defined, was present directly underneath the pulpotomy dressing in almost all teeth of this group. This was followed by an area of necrotic tissue which resembled dried out fibrous tissue with no cellular detail except some pyknotic nuclei. In the specimens of after 2 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks in which vital tissue was present. it was separated from the fibrous area by a zone of inflammation. In the specimens of after 3 weeks and after 4 weeks, inflammatory infiltrate was in the periodontal ligament adjacent to the apical foramina of the teeth. 2. Depulpin® group The area of necrotic tissue which had no cells and fibers , was present adjacent to the dressing. This was followed by dried out fibrous tissue with no cellular details except some pyknotic nucleli. A short stump of vital pulp with odontoblasts was present at the end of the canal after 2 days. Inflammatory infiltrate was in the periodontal ligament after 4 days and after 1week. Severe root resorption and necrosis of periapical tissue opposite the root resorption site were defined after 2 weeks and after 3 weeks. Periapical lesion which consist of necrotic tissue surrounded by a fibrous connective wall. was found after 4 weeks. The results indicated that Depulpin can cause more adverse reaction to the dental pulp and periapical tissue than formocresol, and further studies are needed for its clinical use with safety.

외음부의 기저세포암

김보영 ( Bo Young Kim ),황선정 ( Sun Jung Hwang ),박병준 ( Byung Joon Park ),이은실 ( Eun Sil Lee ),한호섭 ( Ho Suap Han ),김용욱 ( Yong Wook Kim ),김태응 ( Tae Eung Kim ),노덕영 ( Duck Yeong Ro ),이안희 ( An Hi Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2010 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.53 No.9

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignant neoplasm, accounting for 75% of all non-melanoma skin cancer. The incidence of BCC is strongly correlated with sun exposure as well as older age. Therefore, the vast majority of BCCs is observed in elderly patients on the sun-exposed skin of the head and neck with a frequency of more than 80%. BCC is very rare on sun-protected skin such as the perianal and genital regions and other etiologic factors must be considered in these cases. Although the pathogenesis of vulvar BCC is unclear, early diagnosis is very important. Because BCC in these areas sometimes seems innocuous, it is recommended that a biopsy of all suspect lesions be performed. We report a woman with BCC of the vulva treated with wide local resection and reviews the literatures on this subject.

2개월 남아에서 발병한 Malignant Ectomesenchymoma

황지영,서지현,김점수,김용숙,이수진,박찬후,김유경,박선후,이정희,안인옥,정기현,박병규 대한소아과학회 2001 小兒科 Vol.44 No.8

한정 명사절과 비한정 명사절

황병순 배달말학회 2004 배달말 Vol.34 No.-

이 글은 접속적이나 관형사절뿐 아니라 명사절도 한정 명사절과 비한정 명사절로 구분해 기술할 수 있음을 밝히고자 한 것이다. 현대국어의 명사절이 한정 명사절과 비한정 명사절로 구분됨은 이들 간의 형태적 특성에서 확인할 수 있다. 일반적으로 한정 상황을 표현하는 내포어미에는 양태소가 실현되고, 비한정 상황에 실현되는 내포어미에는 양태소가 실현되지 않는다. 그런데 한정 명사형어미 '-(으)ㅁ'이 양태소와 결합되지 않는 것은 '-(으)ㅁ'의 국어사적 현상('-오/우-' 소실)과 '-(으)ㅁ' 명사절의 상황 특성으로 인한 '-느-' 생략 때문이다. 현대국어의 명사절이 한정 명사절과 비한정 명사절로 구분됨은 이들의 통사·의미적 특성에서도 확인할 수 있다. 첫째, 한정 명사절은 부정되지 않지만 비한정 명사절은 부정된다. 둘째, 한정 명사절과 비한정 명사절이 목적어로 쓰일 경우, 명사절이 두 유형에 따라 모문 동사가 다르다. 셋째, 명사절이 종결형으로 쓰이는 경우에도 두 명사절 간에 차이가 있다. '-(으)ㅁ' 명사절이 구체적으로 한정된 지역에서 이루어지는 상황을 표현함에 비해, '-기' 명사절은 특정 시·공간에 한정되지 않은 상황을 표현한다. 넷째, 한정 명사형어미는 낱말을 형성할 수 없으나 비한정 명사형어미는 낱말을 형성할 수 있다. 현대국어에서 한정 명사형어미로 쓰이는 '-(으)ㅁ'이 낱말을 형성하는 것으로 보이는 것은 '-(으)ㅁ'이 중세국어에서 파생접사로 쓰이던 것이기 때문이다. This study aims to show that like connective clauses and adnominal clauses, noun clauses should be distinguished between finite noun clauses and non-finite noun clauses. In modern Korean, the distinction between the finite noun clause and the non-finite clause can be identified by morphological features. Modal elements can be realized in embedded endings representing the finite situation, but not in embedded endings representing the non-finite situation. That the finite nominal ending, '-(??)m' doesn't combine with modal elements is due to the historical phenomenon of the Korean language (the loss of '-o/u-') and the deletion of '-n?? -' by situation character of the finite noun clause. The distinction between the finite noun clause and the non-finite noun clause can also be identified by the following syntactic and semantic features. 1) The finite noun clause can be denied, but the non-finite clause can not. 2) When the finite or the non-finite noun clause is used as an object, the matrix verb differs depending on the type of noun clause. 3) A similar difference can be seen even when noun clauses occur at the end of the sentence. 4) In modem Korean, the finite nominal ending, '-(??)m' can not make a word, but non-finite nominal ending, '-ki' can make a word.

민간투자와 공공투자가 경제성장에 미치는 효과

황규선,김병현 한국경상학회, 한국국민경제학회 2003 경제연구 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구는 우리나라의 1970~2001년간 시계열 자료를 이용하여 민간투자와 공공투자가 경제성장에 미치는 효과를 분석한 것이다. 연구결과는 민간투자와 공공투자가 성장에 미치는 효과에 차이가 있음을 보여주고 있다. 전통적인 생산요소들만 포함하여 추정을 시도한 기본모형의 경우 민간투자는 성장에 통계적으로 유의한 정의 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면공공투자는 추정계수의 부호가 음이며 통계적으로도 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 기본모형에 성장에 영향을 미치는 것으로 인식되는 기타 변수들을 추가한 확장모형의 추정에서도 그대로 유지되었다. 성장에 영향을 미치는 기타 변수로서 고려된 수출 증가율은 성장에 통계적으로 유의한 점의 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 정부지출비율 증가율은 음의 효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. This study has analysed the effect of private investment and public investment on economic growth using Korean serial data for 1970 - 2001. The result has showed that private investment and public investment have different effects on economic growth. In the basic model which includes only capital and labour, private investment has plus effect on economic growth that is statistically significant, but public investment has minus effect on it that is statistically insignificant. The extended model which adds several variables influencing on economic growth to the basic model has showed t he same results as above. In particular, the export growth rate has positive effect on economic growth that means the important role of export in the process of economic growth, while the growth rate of government expenditures proves to be negative. which indicates the growth rate of government expenditures higher than the productivity of them. It could be said that private investment on economic growth would generally be much more efficient than public investment on economic growth, in case of taking only the direct effect of private investment and public investment on economic growth into account. However, cosidering the indirect effect of public investment on economic growth which is created from the complementary relationship with private investment, we must not underestimate the effect of public investment on economic growth in this study.

말초혈액 내 백혈구수와 대사증후군과의 연관성

황상태,김범수,황상준,서정열,김병진,이원영,성기철,강진호,김선우,이만호,박정로 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.3

한정 관형절과 비한정(부정) 관형절

황병순 배달말학회 2003 배달말 Vol.33 No.-

이 글은 현대국어의 관형절을 양태소 실현 여부에 따라 한정 관형절과 비한정 관형절로 구분할 수 있음을 밝히고자 한 것이다. 논증한 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한정 관형절은 말할이가 특정 시점(視點)에서 바라본 한정 상황을 표현한 것이고, 비한정 관형절은 말할이의 시점과 무관한 비한정 상황을 표현한 것이다. 한정 상황을 표현하는 관형형어미에는 양태소가 실현되고, 비한정 상황에 실현되는 관형형어미에는 양태소가 실현되지 않는다. 둘째, 현대국어의 관형형어미는 양태소 실현 여부에 따라 한정 관형형어미('-(으)ㄴ')와 비한정(부정) 관형형어미('-(으)ㄹ', '-(으)ㄴ')로 구분할 수 있다. 양태소가 실현된 한정 관형형어미 '-(느)ㄴ'이 비한정 관형형어미로도 쓰이는 것은 양태소 '-느-'나 '-느-' 무표형이 양태소 기능을 상실하고 '상황모습/상황시'를 변별하는 기능을 수행하기 때문이다. 셋째, 현대국어의 관형절이 한정 관형절과 비한정 관형절로 구분되어야 함은 이들의 문법적 특성에서 확인할 수 있다. 1) 한정 관형절은 부정되지 않지만 비한정 관형절은 부정된다. 2) 한정 관형절의 꾸밈을 받는 명사는 특칭명사이나 비한정 관형절의 꾸밈을 받는 명사는 특칭명사가 아니다. 3) 한정 관형절은 낱말을 형성할 수 없지만, 비한정 관형절은 낱말을 형성할 수 있다. This paper is aims at clarify clear that an adnominal clause in modem Korean should be divided into the finite and non-finite adnominal clause according to realization of modal elements. This paper demonstrates the following. First, the finite adnominal clause expresses a finite situation that a speaker sees at the definite point of time, while the non-finite adnominal clause expresses a non-finite situation unrelated with a speaker's view at a certain point of time. Modal elements are realized in the adnominal clause which expresses a finite situation but are not realized in the adnominal clause which expresses a non-finite situation. Second, Modern korean adnominal ending can be classified into a finite adnominal ending('-(??)n') and an non-finite adnominal ending('-(??)l, '-(??)n') according to realization of modal elements. The finite adnominal ending '-(??)n', with which modal elements are realized, could be used as an non-finite since a modal element '-n??-' or its unmarked form loses the function of a modal element and makes a distinction of 'situation aspects/situation times'. Finally, the distinction between the finite adnominal clause and the non-finite adnominal clause can be attested in their grammatical properties.

복지권으로서 교육권 보장을 위한 『장애인 등에 대한 특수교육법』

황정보,이선재,안병주,강경희,김청아 국립특수교육원 2007 특수교육연구 Vol.14 No.2

결핍에서 오는 필요의 개념은 장애인에게 복지권으로서 교육받을 권리를 가장 잘 말해주고 있다. 장애인은 신체적·인지적 손상으로 발생하는 기본적인 생존적 필요의 충족뿐만 아니라 동시에 교육기회 균등이나 개인차의 고려 등을 통해 무지로부터 벗어날 수 있는 보편적 필요가 충족되어야 함을 논의하였다. 장애인들에게 이러한 결핍에 따른 필요를 충족시켜 줄 이론적 근거가 롤즈(J. Rawls)의 정의론이라 할 수 있다. 정의론의 '차등의 원칙'에 따르면, 교육에 있어 비장애인과 장애인 중 먼저 최소 수혜자인 장애인의 교육복지를 우선하여 극대화할 필요성을 제시함으로써, 그들의 교육권 보장을 위한 이론적 근거에 대한 정당화를 논의하였다. 기존의 특수교육진흥법은 '국가가 교육할 권리'를 가지는 국가 주도적 교육이었다면, 「장애인 등에 대한 특수교육법」 제정은 수년간 장애인의 교육권 확보를 위해 애쓴 장애인 교육 주체들이 노력 끝에 '교육받을 권리'를 찾게 된 의미 있는 결실로 평가되어 진다. The concept of need which comes from lack represents well the right to education as welfare rights to individuals with disabilities. It is necessary to meet the universal need of individuals with disabilities such as an equal opportunity for education and the consideration for individual difference as well as their substantial need. The rationale which may satisfy the need associated with the lack can be J. Rawls's a Theory of Justice. The difference principle by Rawls presents the need of the educational welfare of individuals with disabilities(the least advantaged) to take precedence over that of the non-disabled and be maximized, it is considered that he created the rationale that makes secure their right to education. While established Special Education Promotion Law was national-driven education that state had to the education right, the enactment of 'the Special Education Law for the Individuals with Disabilities, etc.' can be a significant fruit which takes back 'the right to education by citizens' by the educational subjects of the individuals with disability who have taken pains to secure their right to education for years.