국내산 더덕의 Tangshenoside I과 Lobetyolin 정량분석

황병순,김지영,장미,김기창,박영희,황인국,Hwang, Byung Soon,Kim, Ji Yeong,Jang, Mi,Kim, Gi-Chang,Park, Young-Hee,Hwang, In Guk 한국식품영양학회 2018 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.31 No.6

Deoduk (Codonopsis lanceolata) has a complex chemical composition that includes polyphenols, saponins, amino acids, and other unidentified compounds. The contents of tangshenoside and lobetyolin are considered as standard of quality evaluation of Deoduk. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was developed for the quantitative determination of the two marker constituents, tangshenoside and lobetyolin. The methods for determining the standards of quality were validated by measuring their linearity, specificity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy using UPLC. Reversed-phase UPLC analysis was conducted quantitatively to identify individual tangshenoside and lobetyolin in Deoduk extracted with 50% (v/v) aqueous ethanol. We used 21 samples to carry out quantitative analysis of tangshenoside and lobetyolin. Based on their dry weights, the levels of tangshenoside and lobetyolin were 0.36~3.54 mg/g, 0.24~1.29 mg/g, respectively. These results will be valuable as basic data for standardization of Korean Deoduk.

새싹 더덕의 항산화 활성

황병순,권수현,김지영,김기창,황인국,Hwang, Byung Soon,Kwon, Su Hyun,Kim, Ji Yeong,Kim, Gi-Chang,Hwang, In Guk 한국식품영양학회 2019 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.32 No.6

The purpose of this study was to determine the content of polyphenols and flavonoids, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity for the extract from the Deodeok sprout. To accomplish this, the Deodeok sprout whole (CLS-W), above ground part (leaf, stem, CLS-L), and root (CLS-R) were individually extracted using 70% ethanol. The highest levels of total polyphenols and total flavonoids were observed in the Deodeok sprout extract CLS-L2. Similarly, antioxidant activities resulting in radical scavenging activities increased significantly in the extract of CLS-L2. In conclusion, these results indicate that Deodeok sprouts can be used as a viable, new natural antioxidant source.

배추 유전자원의 항산화 효과

황병순,김지영,권수현,김기창,강해주,이주희,황인국,Hwang, Byung Soon,Kim, Ji Yeong,Kwon, Su Hyun,Kim, Gi-Chang,Kang, Hae Ju,Rhee, Ju Hee,Hwang, In Guk 한국식품영양학회 2020 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.33 No.5

This experiment was conducted to assess the high antioxidant activity varieties of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) from the 55 accessions. The antioxidant activity of Chinese cabbage were determined by the TPC, TFC, DPPH, ABTS, and chlorophyll, carotenoid contents. The TPC and TFC showed a range of 1.21~4.61 mg GAE/g DW, 0.18~3.09 mg CE/g DW. The DPPH and ABTS assay were in the range of 0.65~4.36 and 1.42~6.91 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (ASCE)/g DW, respectively. The UPLC analysis was performed quantitatively to identify chlorophyll and carotenoid in the Chinese cabbage extract. The levels of the total chlorophyll and total carotenoid were 86.60~1,235.91, and 75.86~490.11 ㎍/g, respectively. The comprehensive differences in the total and individual chlorophyll contents have also been observed among different varieties. These results will be valuable as basic data for the standardization of Chinese cabbage.

지역별 오미자의 리그난 함량 및 분석법 검증

황병순(Byung Soon Hwang),김기창(Gi-Chang Kim),박영희(Young Hee Park),황인국(In Guk Hwang) 한국식품영양과학회 2019 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.48 No.10

본 연구는 재배지역별 오미자의 리그난 함량을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. HPLC를 사용하여 특이성, 직선성, 검출한계(LOD), 정량한계(LOQ) 및 정확도를 결정함으로써 리그난의 분석법이 검증되었다. 리그난 중에는 schizandrin이 3.85~6.60 mg/g으로 가장 풍부했고 그다음 gomisin N이 2.69~4.38 mg/g으로 많았다. Schizandrin A와 gomisin A는 0.60~2.04, 0.86~1.63 mg/g이었고, gomisin G, gomisin H, gomisin J는 0.5 mg/g 미만이었다. 오미자의 리그난 화합물 7종 함량은 9.04~14.90 mg/g이었다. 재배지역별 오미자는 각 리그난의 함량은 다르지만 전체 함량에는 큰 차이가 없다. 오미자 표준화를 위한 기초자료로 유용할 것으로 기대된다. This study examined the lignans (schizandrin, schizandrin A, gomisin A, gomisin G, gomisin H, gomisin J, and gomisin N) contents in the fruit of Omija (Schisandra chinensis) according to the cultivation region. The methods for determining lignans were validated by measuring the specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy using HPLC analysis. Among the lignans, schizandrin was the most abundant (3.85∼6.60 mg/g) followed by gomisin N (2.69∼4.38 mg/g). Schizandrin A and gomisin A were approximately 0.60∼2.04 and 0.86∼1.63 mg/g, respectively, and gomisin G, gomisin H, and gomisin J were less than 0.50 mg/g. The contents of seven lignans of Omija were 9.04∼14.90 mg/g. Omija showed different contents of lignans according to the cultivation region, but there was no significant difference in the total contents. These results will provide valuable basic data for the standardization of Korean Omija.

방언 어말어미의 형태적 특성 연구-입말 형태 화석형을 중심으로-

황병순 ( Byung Sun Hwang ) 배달말학회 2012 배달말 Vol.51 No.-

The characteristics of the spoken language are well reflected in the dialectical endings. The Korean spoken languages have the colloquial morph that shows the attitude of speakers after an utterance unit, differently from a written language. Because of this characteristics of the spoken language there are fossilized forms of the colloquial morph in the dialectical endings. If we accept dialectical morphologic characteristics analyzed above, we could classify the dialectical endings into a archaisms-morph form, a written language-morph form, and a fossilized form of colloquial morph. A archaic ending is originated from conservative characteristics of a dialect. And the endings of a written language-morph and a fossilized form of colloquial morph are originated from renovation characteristics of a dialect that was reflected in the characteristics of the spoken language. The fossilized forms of the colloquial morph, showing a dialectical characteristics is formed by two-step grammaticalization. A word is grammaticalized into discourse markers and modal Josa in the first-step grammaticalization. And then they are going to lose their meanings and are fossilized in a precedence ending in the second-step grammaticalization. We could group the fossilized form of colloquial morph into a fossilized form of Josa and a fossilized form of discourse markers by a colloquial morph. And a fossilized form of Josa could be classified into a fossilized form of the case Josa and the contextual Josa by its original form. Also a fossilized form of discourse markers could be grouped into a fossilized form of an adverb, a fossilized form of an interjection, and a fossilized form of other morph. Above-mentioned morphological characteristics of a dialectical ending may allow us to extend our understanding of not only a each dialectical ending but also a lexicalization or a grammaticalization which is a universal language changing process.

감탄사의 문법 범주에 대하여

황병순(Hwang Byung-sun) 한글학회 2015 한글 Vol.- No.308

감탄사 문법에 기술된 ‘독립어 기능’은 두 가지 뜻이 착종되어 있다. 하나는 감탄사가 문장의 구성 성분이 아니라는 것이고, 다른 하나는 소형문(단어문)과 같은 기능으로 쓰인다는 것이다. 기존의 감탄사 가운데 전자의 기능으로 쓰인 것은 양태 부사로 기술할 수 있고, 후자의 기능으로 쓰인 것은 독립된 소형문으로 기술할 수 있다. 양태 부사로 기술되어야 할 감탄사는 양태 부사와 같은 특성을 지니는데, 이들은 다른 단어가 문법화되어 형성된 것들이다. 이들은 문법화 되기 전의 기원형 단어에 따라 명사 기원형, 부사 기원형, 단어문 기원형으로 구분할 수 있다. 소형문으로 기술되어야 할 감탄사는 억양 단위이상의 구성에 상대 대우 관계와 말할이의 의향이 실현된 것이다. 이들 소형문은 특정 단어(감탄어)가 소형문(단어문)으로 쓰인 고유 소형문과 다른 단어나 구가 소형문으로 전용된 전용 소형문으로 구분할 수 있다. 위 내용을 수용하면 국어 문법에 감탄사라는 별도의 문법 범주가 불필요하다. 양태 부사로 기술되어야 하는 감탄사는 부사의 하나로 기술할 수 있고, 전용 소형문으로 기술되어야 하는 감탄사은 다른 단어나 구가 소형문으로 전용된 것으로 기술할 수 있다. 다만, 고유 소형문으로 기술되어야 하는 감탄사는 애초부터 단어가 단어문으로 쓰인 것이라서 애초의 단어를 어떻게 기술할 것인가 하는 문제가 남는다. 이 글에서는 애초에 단어가 곧 단어문으로 쓰인 감탄어를 고유 단어문으로 기술하였다. The function of independent word described in exclamation grammar has two meanings. First, the exclamation is not a component of a sentence and the other is that it is used in the same function as a minor sentence. As regards to the existing exclamation, in the first instance, the independent word functions as a modal adverb, and in the latter, the word is described as an independent minor sentence. The exclamation described as a modal adverb acts as a proper modal adverb and it is composed out of different words when grammatically transformed. It is classified into a root noun, a root adverb, and a root word-sentence depending on how they grammatically changes for the forms from the roots. Exclamation described as a minor sentence shows the respects towards the speaker and the listener and the intention of the speaker along with the structure over the intonation unit. Characteristics of these minor sentences are sorted into minor sentences which use a certain word (exclamation) for minor sentence (word sentence) and into diverted minor sentence that is diverted into different words or phrase minor sentences. Depending on the structure diverted previously, diverted minor sentence can be categorized into noun (phrase) minor sentence, verb (phrase) minor sentence, and into adverb (phrase) minor sentence. Exclamation that is described as a minor sentence covers a word of greetings, address and response, commendment, celebration and good wishes, complain and criticism and so forth. If one takes the above demonstrations, he can argue that a special grammar category is called for dealing with exclamation in Korean grammar. Exclamation described as a modal adverb can be described as one of adverbs, and one that is to be described as a diverted minor sentence can be described as a minor sentence where different words or phrases are diverted. However, exclamation that is be described as original minor sentence uses words in a word sentence. Therefore how one can describe this original words is open to further discussion. In this research, exclamation with root words in a word-sentence has been described as an original word-sentence which is known as one of the minor sentences.

국내산 녹차의 카테킨 함량

황병순(Byung Soon Hwang),정윤숙(Yun Sook Jeong),오성민(Sung Min Oh),김기창(Gi-Chang Kim),조용식(Yong Sik Cho),황인국(In Guk Hwang) 한국식품영양과학회 2018 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.47 No.8

녹차의 성분은 폴리페놀, 알칼로이드, 아미노산 및 기타 화합물로 구성되어 있고 카테킨과 카페인의 함량은 녹차의 품질 평가 기준으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)를 이용하여 녹차의 지표성분 epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate 및 카페인을 동시 분석하였다. 최적 추출조건으로는 25% 에탄올을 이용하여 온도 25°C, 1시간 추출하였고, UPLC를 이용한 빠르고 간편한 분석조건을 확립하고 정확성, 정밀성, 직선성, 특이성 등 분석법의 유효성을 검증하였다. 지역별로 녹차 잎을 추출하여 UPLC로 카테킨 화합물 함량을 분석한 결과 총 카테킨의 함량(mg/g, 건조 중량)은 제주도 168.87 mg/g> 경상남도 156.75 mg/g> 전라남도 148.22 mg/g 순으로 존재하였고 약 7.3~26.1 mg/g의 카페인이 함유되어 있다. 지역별 생육환경에 따라 함량 차이가 나타났으며, 지역별 품질관리를 위한 객관적이고 과학적인 근거를 제시하여 국내에서 재배되는 녹차의 품질평가에 대한 하나의 기준이 될 것으로 기대된다. The chemical composition of green tea is complex and includes polyphenols, alkaloids, amino acids, and other unidentified compounds. The contents of catechins and caffeine are considered a standard of green tea quality evaluation. In this study, an ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was developed for the quantitative determination of five marker constituents in green tea; epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, and caffeine. Reversed-phase UPLC analysis was conducted quantitatively to identify individual catechins and caffeine in teas extracted with 25% (v/v) aqueous ethanol. Content (mg/g, dry weight) of tea catechins decreased in the following order: Jeju-do 168.9 mg/g> Gyeongsangnam-do 156.8 mg/g> Jeollanam-do 148.2 mg/g. Based on their dry weights, the green teas contained 7.3 to 26.1 mg/g of caffeine. These results will be valuable as basic data for standardization of Korean green tea.

일반논문 : 조사의 문법화 양상과 결합 원리

황병순 ( Byung Sun Hwang ) 배달말학회 2008 배달말 Vol.43 No.-

담화표지의 접속어미화에 대한 연구

황병순 ( Hwang Byung-sun ) 국어학회 2012 국어학 Vol.65 No.-

방언 접속어미에는 담화표지가 화석화된 것들이 있다. 이 글은 이들 접속어미로 담화표지가 접속어미에 화석화되는 과정(담화표지의 접속어미화)에 내재된 문법을 기술하기 위한 것이다. 담화표지가 접속어미에 화석화되는 것은 접속어미가 실현된 구성이 발화 단위로 쓰이기 때문이다. 담화표지가 접속어미에 화석화되는 현상은 2단계 문법화이다. 1단계 문법화는 어휘가 담화표지로 쓰이는 것이고, 2단계 문법화는 문법화된 담화표지가 다시 의미가 약화된 채 선행 형태인 접속어미에 화석화되는 것이다. 방언 접속어미에는 화석화된 담화표지의 기원형에 따라 두 유형(부사 기원 담화표지 화석형과 감탄사 기원 담화표지 화석형)이 있고, 화석화된 담화표지에 따라 네 유형(‘마’ 화석형, ‘이’ 화석형, ‘에2’ 화석형, ‘아’ 화석형)이 있다. 부사 기원형에는 ‘마’ 화석형이 있고, 감탄사 기원형에는 ‘이’화석형, ‘에2’ 화석형, ‘아’ 화석형이 있다. 구체적으로는 ‘마’ 화석형 접속어미에는 ‘-어설라마’, ‘-다(가)설라마’, ‘-으면설라마’, ‘-고설라마’가 있고, ‘이’ 화석형 접속어미에는 ‘-어서리’, ‘-어설라무니’, ‘-(어)다가서리’, ‘-고서리’, ‘-구설라무니/고설라무니’, ‘-으면서리’, ‘-으니까니/으이까니’, ‘고설라무니’가 있다. 그리고 ‘에2’ 화석형 접속어미에는 ‘-어서래’, ‘-어설라무네’, ‘-(어)다가서래’, ‘-고설라매’, ‘-고설라무네’, ‘-으면서래’, ‘-으니까네’, ‘-으니께네’가 있고, ‘아’ 화석형 접속어미에는 ‘-(으)이께나’와 ‘-ㄴ께나’가 있다. 담화표지가 화석화된 이들 접속어미는 방언 접속어미의 한 유형을 이루고 있다. 그리고 이들 방언 접속어미의 형태적 특성은 이들 방언 접속어미의 형성 과정을 알게 해 줄 뿐만 아니라 언어의 보편적 변이 과정을 알게 해 준다. The dialectical conjunctive endings may contain the fossilized discourse markers. This paper discussed the grammar inherent to the fossilization process of the discourse markers to the conjunctive ending. The grammar of these conjunctive endings allows us to know the formation process and the morphological features of the dialectical conjunctive endings. The fossilization of the discourse markers to the connective endings is because the conjunctive forms are used as an utterance unit. The phenomena of fossilization of discourse markers to conjunctive endings consists of the two- step grammaticalization. That is to say, the diversion of words to discourse markers is the first step grammaticalization. And the phenomena of fossilization of the grammaticalized discourse markers to conjunctive ending is the second step grammaticalization. We could classify the dialectical conjunctive endings into two types according to the originated form of the fossilized discourse markers. One is originated from adverb, the other is from Interjection. And there are four types of the dialectical conjunctive endings (fossilized morph ‘ma’, fossilized morph ‘i’, fossilized morph ‘e2’, fossilized morph ‘a’) according to fossilized discourse marker. Concretely to say, ‘-eoseolrama’, ‘-da(ga)seolrama’, ‘-(eu)meonseolrama’, ‘-goseolrama’ are ‘ma’ fossilized conjunctive endings, ‘-eoseori’, ‘-eoseolramuni’, ‘-(eo)dagaseori’, ‘-goseori’, ‘-guseolramuni/goseolramuni’, ‘-(eu)myeonseori’, ‘-(eu)nikkani/ (eu)ikkani’, ‘-goseolramuni’ are ‘i’ fossilized conjunctive endings. And ‘-eoseorae’, ‘-(eu)myeonseorae’, ‘-(eu)nikkane’, ‘-(eu)nikkene’ are ‘e2’ fossilized conjunctive endings, ‘-(eu)ikkena’, ‘-(eu)nkkena’ are ‘a’ fossilized conjunctive endings. These conjunctive endings, fossilized from the discourse markers, are one type of the dialectical conjunctive endings. And the morphological features of these dialectical conjunctive endings let us know not only the formation process of dialectical conjunctive endings but the general variation process of language.

국어 부름말의 유형 연구

황병순(Hwang, Byung-Sun) 한국어문학회 2017 語文學 Vol.0 No.137

A Korean summons is used for the identification of ‘the function words for referring’, combining with ‘modal expressions’ and its types are determined by ‘referring function words’. As for Korean summons, the function words for referring can be distinguished by their morphological characteristics and social norms, and morphological characteristics and social norms which determine the types of summons can be considered semantic features of Korean summons. The semantic features are therefore affected by the following factors: the existence of the function word for referring, the speaker’s awareness of the person being addressed, the hierarchical relationship between speakers, and the involvement of a sense of belonging, as shown in 〈Fig. 1〉. In addition, Korean summons can be divided into the eight types: ‘common noun,’ ‘kinship term,’ ‘title term,’ ‘proper noun,’ ‘semi-proper noun,’ ‘indirect referent,’ ‘request,’ and ‘attention’ according to the sematic features embedded in those summons. Types of these summons are encaptulsated in 〈Table 2〉. In modern Korean language, the summons have undergone many changes due to the changes of social norms which affect the construction of summons. The changing patterns are observed as follows: First, the border between an acquaintance and a stranger is blurred. The use of ‘common noun’ summons used for a conversation with strangers is replaced by the ‘kinship term’ or ‘title term’ summons. Secondly, the distinction between young and old is reduced to the disappearance of ‘semi-proper noun’ or the changing usage of ‘indirect referents’. Thirdly, the mark of hierarchy between the speakers shows variations. Finally, the frequency of using ‘attention summons’ is gradually increasing.