대구증의 수술적 요법

백롱민,박종철,허찬영 大韓成形外科學會 2003 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.30 No.5

초등학생들의 태권도 발차기 운동강도 설정

백철종,고영완,김종언 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.4

The purposes of this study are the establishment of Taekwondo kicking's exercise intensity of elementary by cadence and using Taekwondo program for improvement of heart and lung endurance. The panel for the study was composed of 11~12 years old 36 boys, under training in Taekwondo institute, by cluster sampling. Tarket heart rate was measured each 60 seconds after 32 miniutes Taekwondo kicking, 40-60bpm(A type), 50-90bpm(B type), 60-120bpm(C type) by using metronome. The results are as follows. 1. Energy Metabolism by kicking's velocity 1) Heat rate (beat/min) A type : 138.05(b/m), B type : 142.94(b/m), C type : 147.55(b/m) showed significant difference(p<0.001). 2) Ventilation (letter/min) A type : 23.69(1/m), B type : 26.92(1/m), C type : 28.94(l/m) showed significant difference(p<0.001). 3) Oxygen Uptake (letter/min) A type : 0.79(1/m), B type : 0.91 (1/m), C type : 0.92(l/m) showed 4) Respiratory Quotient(R.Q) A type : 0.89(1/m), B type : 0.91 (1/m), C type : 0.96(l/m) showed significant difference(p<0.001). 2. Energy Metabolism at time by kicking's velocity 1) Heat rate (time) A type : 170.5(32min), B type : 176.0(32min), C type : 186.0(32min) showed significant difference(p<0.001). 2) Ventilation (time) A type : 31.6(32min), B type : 37.5(32min), C type : 41.5(32min) showed significant difference(p<0.001). 3) Oxygen Uptake (time) A type : 1.05(32min), B type : 1.22(32min), C type : 1.27(32min) showed significant difference(p<0.001). 4) Respiratory Quotient (time) A type : 1.15(30min), B type : 1.17(30min), C type :1.19(30min) showed significant difference(p<0.001). 5) Exercise Intensity(time) A type : 71.2(32min), B type : 75.4(32min), C type :82.6(32min) showed significant difference(p<0.001). Based on the facts above, the estimation of standard level of Taekwondo kicking's velocity and running time depend on each Taekwondo kicking's velocity and running time. Especially, B type kicking program of 75% exercise intensity for lung endurance improvement, many scholar referred, can use for lung endurance of children.

비페닐 구조를 가지는 액정폴리머의 합성과 특성

이종백,이광현,강병철 동의대학교 산업기술개발연구소 2005 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.19 No.-

A series of thermotropic polyurethanes containing biphenyl units was synthesized by polyaddition reaction of diisocyanates such as 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,5-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, and hexamethylene diisocyanate with 4,4'-Bis(9-hydroxynonoxy)biphenyl (BP9). Structures of the monomer and the corresponding polymers were identified using FT-IR and ^(1)H-NMR spectroscopies. Their phase transition temperatures and thermal stability were also investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and optical polarizing microscopy. 4,4'-bis(9-hydroxynonoxy)biphenyl exhibited a smectic type mesophase. Mesophase was found for all synthesized liquid crystalline polyurethanes except 1,4-PDI/BP9 based polyurethane.

컬링 경기의 팀 수준간 작전 비교

조기정,백종철 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.20 No.1

This study set out to compare and analyze the strategy used by excellent male curling teams and non-excellent ones in an attempt to see if there were any differences between them based on the idea that strategy affect the results of games. For that purpose, total ten curling male teams that competed in the 2003 National Winter Athletic Games were chosen. Four of them were defined excellent while the rest six non-excellent. Among the total 1,385 strategy used by the 40 players of the ten teams, 1,124 that were identified as successful were selected. A 6㎜ Camcorder was used to tape the games, which were played using a VTR. The game data was put down on the recording document by the investigator in order to increase the validity. Based on the data recorded on the document, the frequencies were presented in percentage and x² tested according to the research purposes. Those research methods and processes led to the following results: First, there were significant differences between the excellent and non-excellent teams in strategy. Among the subcategories of the strategy, there were significant differences between the two groups in the draw strategy. Second, there were found significant differences in the strategy by ends during the early ends including End 1, 2, and 3 out of the ten ends between the two groups. Third, the two group of teams showed significant differences in the skip strategy among the strategy by positions.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

중금속[Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ)]의 분리 및 농축을 위한 역삼투 판틀형 모듈의 적용

이광현,강병철,이종백,김종팔 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.4

This study was focused on experiment for the separation and concentration process of Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ) solution with the variation of applied pressure and concentration using reverse osmosis plate and frame modules. Rejection coefficient and degree of concentration for Cu(Ⅱ) component using single and multi-stage reverse osmosis process were showed 96.3 ~ 97.8%, 0.044 ~ 0.191(in single-stage), 96.3 ~ 98.4%, 0.400 ~ 2.264(in multi-stage) within the range of experimental condition, respectively. Those of Zn(Ⅱ) were 93.3 ~ 97.1%, 0.019 ~ 0.395(in single-stage), 96.3 ~ 98.2%, 0.365 ~ 1.454(in multi-stage), respectively. Degree of concentration of multi-stage were higher than those of single-stage. Heavy metal[Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ)] separation was very efficient in using reverse osmosis plate and frame type modules. Separation efficiency for a mixed solution Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) was higher than those of each one of Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ).

제주 차귀도 연안해역 미생물 분포 및 이화학적 특성

문영건,김만철,이준백,송춘복,여인규,김종만,박근태,손홍주,최우봉,허문수 한국환경과학회 2006 한국환경과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

피로와 의료이용, 업무상 사고 및 질병결근

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,정진주,이철갑,강명근,현숙정,조정진,차봉석,박종구 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Objectives: This study examined the relationship of fatigue to medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project, 2002~2004). A total of 30,146 employees categorized within the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were recruited. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess the participants' sociodemo-graphics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, personality trait, self=perceived fatigue (MFS) and the frequency of medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Data on medical utilization and occupational accident were confirmed from company health records. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to elucidate the relationship of self-perceived fatigue to medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Results: In logistic regression analyses, self-perceived fatigue was associated with medical utilization (outpatient), occupational accident and sickness absence although the strength of the associations was higher in the blue collar workers except for medical utilization. For medical utilization, the white collar worker's adjusted odds ratios of outpatient utilization for workers scoring in the third quartile and the highest quartile, compared to workers scoring in the lowest quartile were 1.50 (95% CI: 1.20-1.87) and 2.16 (95% CI: 1.69-2.75), respectively. The blue collar workers' adjusted odds ratios of outpatient utilization for workers scoring in the second (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06-1.43), third (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.22-1.66) and highest quartile (OR:1.83, 95% CI: 1.55-2.17), respectively, compared to workers scoring in the lowest quartile were statistically significant. However, no associations were found between fatigue and inpatient utilization for either the white or blue collar workers. The blue collar workers' adjusted odds ratios of being injured for workers scoring in the second, third and highest quartile were 1.41 (95% CI: 1.00-2.00), 1.57 (95% CI: 1.10-2.22) and 2.41 (95% CI: 1.69-3.44), respectively, compared to those scoring in the lowest quartile, but, those of the white collar workers were not significant. There was more likely to an increased risk of sickness absence in workers scoring in the second, third and highest quartile compared to those scoring in the lowest quartile in both white and blue collar workers, but the magnitudes of risk were higher in the blue collar workers than the white collars workers. Conclusion: This result suggests that fatigue is a determinant predictor of medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence, and that the pattern of risks for the three outcomes differs according to the occupational type. Some limitations of this study and considerations for future study were also discussed.

이동물체의 기하학적 특성에 기인한 움직임 정보 추출

박인전,오미숙,백경주,정영철,김신규,박종안 조선대학교 전자정보통신연구소 2002 電子情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.5 No.1

In this paper, we have proposed an effective moving objects tracking method based on the motion information in the video sequence. First, we extract the moving objects using the processes of morphological dilation and differential image in the video sequence and then we extract the motion information utilizing the location and orientation of the moving objects in the subsequent images. The motion information is extracted using various statistical measurements, extracting the high-level features from the regions of pixels in the images. The measurements, such a s area, length, perimeter, orientation, elongation, compactness, moments of inertia, are used as the statistical and geometrical descriptors. The principle axes of an object on this features gives the local direction of the object, while the center of gravity gives the center position of the object. The angle between two principal axes of the moving objects in the consecutive images gives the geometrical direction of the moving object, while the displacement of the center of gravity, gives the distance covered by the moving objects. So we have extracted the global motion information using the principal axes and center of gravity. The simulation results on the test images are very good, where either the motion is very slow, or the frame rate is very high.

간 세포암에서 VEGF, TGF-β1, b-FGF 발현의 의의

김성용,남충현,주종우,채만규,백무준,이문수,김형철,안현철,김홍수,김창진,김창호 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: Angiogenesis is important for the proliferation and the metastasis of solid tumors. The growth of a solid tumor is widely recognized to depend on the process of neovascularrozation. Without angiogenesis, tumors cease to grow beyond even a few milimeters in diameter. It has been shown that tumor vascular density is an independent prognostic marker in several types of human tumors and is known to correlate with poor prognosis. To date, many angiogenic factors have been identified, such as transforming growth factor-α(TGF-α), transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor family(FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor(PD-ECGF), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and angiogenin. Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the second most common tumor in Korean males and is known as a typical hypervascular tumor with frequent portal vein invastion. The authors identified the expreesion of VEGF, TGF-β1, and b-FGF in HCC specimens and evaluated the relationship between these growth factors and the clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC. Method: We reviewed the medical records of 30 patients who were diagnosed as hepatocellular carinoma treated with hepatic resection between January 1994 and December 1998 in Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital. The selection of the cases was decided according to the condition of paraffin block fixation. The prognostic factors such as age, sex, tumor size, concentration of serum α-fetoprotein, presence of liver cirrhosis, presence of tumor emboli in portal vein, TMN stage, amount of transfusion during the operation, hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, and Edmonson-Steiner(E-S) grade were investigated. Relationship between the prognostic factors and the immunopathologic expression of the TGF-β1, b-FGF, and VEGF was examined. Result: Thirty patients (24 males, 6 females) were included in the current study. The patient's mean age was 50.6 years and the age ranged from 36 to 65 years. The mean size of the tumor was found to be 5.2cm. All the patients were follewed up for 7 to 63 months. Child's classification A patients were 23(76.7%)cases, B patients were 7(23.3%)cases, and C was none. Immunohistochemical staining of HCC tumor mass in VEGF expression patients were 17(56.7%), b-FGF expression patients were 10(33.3%), and TGF-β1 expression patients were 10(33.3%). VEGF expression or more than one positive expression among the three factors correlated with tumor size and the stage of HCC but did not correlated with other clinicopathological characteristics. TGF-β1 and b-FGF did not correlate with any clinicopathological characteristics. Conclusion: The results suggest that the expression of VEGF or more than one positive expression among the three factors in HCC cells may be a significant prognostic factor of HCC.