3T Multi Voxel Spectroscopy에서 SENSE와 NEX 변화에 따른 정상인 뇌 대사물질 변화 분석

성열훈,임재동,이재현,조성봉,우동철,최보영,Seong, Yeol-Hun,Rhim, Jae-Dong,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Cho, Sung-Bong,Woo, Dong-Chul,Choe, Bo-Young 한국의학물리학회 2008 의학물리 Vol.19 No.4

자기공명분광법(magnetic resonance spectroscopy: MRS)은 인체내 대사물질을 정량분석하여 병변의 조기진단 및 정밀진단에 도움을 주고 있으며, 최근 임상에 이용되고 있는 자기공명분광법은 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) 기법과 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) 기법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 SENSE와 NEX를 변화시킨 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS)의 데이터와 기존 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS)의 데이터를 비교 분석하여, 각각의 데이터의 유의성 차이를 평가하고자 하였다. 정상 성인 지원자 13명(남자: 5명, 여자: 8명, 평균 41세, 표준편차 11.65세)을 대상으로 chemical shift image (CSI)를 이용한 MVS검사를 시행하였다. 장비는 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.1 (Philips Medical System, Netherland)을 이용하였고, 8 channel head coil을 사용하여 brain thalamus 부위에서 CSI spectrum을 1 slice 획득하였다. Scan parameter로는 FOV (field of view): $230{\times}184mm^2$, TR (time to repetition): 2000 msec, TE (time to echo): 288 msec, matrix: $15{\times}12$, VOI(view of interest): $110{\times}110mm^2$, voxel size: $15{\times}15{\times}15mm^3$로 하였다. SENSE factor (S)와 NEX (N)는 S1*N1, S2*N1, S2*N2, S3*N2로 변화하여 스펙트럼을 획득하였고, 각 scan time은 5분 54초, 3분 32초, 6분 20초, 4분 20초였다. 얻은 모든 MRS 데이터는 jMRUI 3.0 Version 프로그램에서 분석하였고, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data 그룹들이 정상 성인 뇌 대사물질의 변화에 영향을 주는지 검증하기 위해 그룹 간에 ANOVA분석을 실행하여 P 값이 0.05보다 크게 나오면 그룹들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없다고 분석하였다. NAA/Cr과 Cho/Cr의 상대적 비율은 MV와 SVS사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 즉, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data에서 정상 성인 뇌조직의 대사물질의 변화를 관찰한 결과, S1*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.88{\pm}0.03$이고, S2*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.44{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.05$, S2*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.43{\pm}0.02$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.04$이며, S3*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.03$으로 나타났다(F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). 그러나 데이터의 질을 측정하기 위한 MVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width는 SVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width 보다 약 3배 정도 넓었다. 본 연구에서는 MVS에서 SENSE factor와 NEX 값을 다양하게 변화시킨 MVS의 데이터와 SVS의 데이터가 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 즉, 어는 특정 부위의 뇌 조직의 대사물질은 MVS와 SVS 기법 모두 큰 차이가 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러므로 MVS는 SVS보다 광범한 부위를 짧은 시간 안에 검사할 수 있으므로 매우 유용한 방법이라고 사료된다. To evaluate the metabolic changes in normal adult brains due to alterations SENSE and NEX (number of excitation) by multi voxel MR Spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla. The study group was composed of normal volunteers (5 men and 8 women) with a mean ($\pm$ standard deviation) age of 41 (${\pm}11.65$). Their ages ranged from 28 to 61 years. MR Spectroscopy was performed with a 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.0 (Philips Medical System-Netherlands). The 8 channel head coil was employed for MRS acquisition. The 13 volunteers underwent multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) and single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) on the thalamus area with normally gray matter. Spectral parameters were as follows: 15 mm of thickness; 230 mm of FOV (field of view); 2000 msecs of repetition time (TR); 288 msecs of echo time (TE); $110{\times}110$ mm of VOI (view of interest); $15{\times}15{\times}15$ mm of voxel size. Multi voxel spectral parameters were made using specially in alteration of SENSE factor (1~3) and 1~2 of NEX. All MRS data were processed by the jMRUI 3.0 Version. There was no significant difference in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio between MVS and SVS likewise the previous results by Ross and coworkers in 1994. In addition, despite the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX in MVS, the metabolite ratios were not changed (F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). However, line-width of NAA peak in MVS was 3 times bigger than that in SVS. In the present study, we demonstrated that the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX were not critically affective to the result of metabolic ratios in the normal brain tissue.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

다결정을 이용한 실온에서의 분광 홀버닝 광메모리 구현에 관한 연구

조재헌,백운식,장기완 경희대학교 레이저공학연구소 2001 레이저공학 Vol.12 No.-

The extremely high data densities can be obtained by spectral holeburning, so persistent holeburning has been studied on crystal that doped sm2+ ions at room temperature. To improve performance of persistent spectral holeburning system, we replace a dye laser system by our Littman type external cavity tunable laser diode system.

제2급 와동에 충전된 Compomer의 미세누출에 관한 연구

조용범,임재훈 大韓齒科保存學會 1999 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.24 No.2

Mossbauer 분광법에 의한 2605S3 Metglas의 배위수 및 국소자기장 분포

조익한,이상훈,강신규,양재석 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1992 基礎科學硏究 Vol.12 No.-

We analysed the Mossbauer spectra of ferromagnetic 2605S3 Metglas submitted to various tilt angles;it is concluded that the hyperfine parameters and their correlations depend on the state of the tilt angle. The fact that the mean coordination number is 10.03, the structure of this material is well defined by Bernal's DRPHS model. Also, methods based on linear combination of spectra can be used.

만성 화농성 중이염의 세균학적 고찰

조남순,이영훈,강기훈,최제환,송태현,이병돈,장혁순,강주원,김연준 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.1

Background and Objectives : Chronic suppurative otitis media is one of the frequent diseases in otolaryngologic field. It is important to choose of antibiotics in the management of infectious disease. But the organisms in infections have been changed and resistance to antibiotics has been grown as the development of antibiotics has been achieved. And so it has been necessary to recognize the changes of organisms and resistance in antibiotics. Our study was performed to identify the pathogens isolated from discharges in chronic otitis media and evaluate the antibiotic agents, to recognize the change of to resistance to·antibiotic agents and to use the appropriate anitiotics. Materials and Methods : Retrospectively, authors reviewed the backeriologic study of 114 cases of chronic suppurative otitis media who visited the Department of Otolaryngology, Soonchunhyang University in Seoul from Nov. 1996 to Oct. 1999 and analyzed 101 strains and its sensitivity test to various antibiotics. Result : In 93 cases in which pathogenic organism was isolated, single infection was 85 cases(91.4%) and mixed infection was 8 cases(8.6%). The most frequent pathogenic organism was Staphylococcus aureus(59.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.9%), Providencia(4.8%), Alcaligenes(3.0%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae(2.9%) were the next. Methicilline-Resistance Staphylococcus aureus was 34 cases(57.6%) of Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to Vancomycin(96.7%), Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (57.6%), Cefuroxime(42.4%) and Ciprofloxacin(40.7%) but resistant to Penicillin(94.9%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sentitive Amikacin(100%), Ciprofloxacin(100%) and Gentamicin(67%). Conclusion : As MRSA recently was wide spread in community accquired infection as well as nosocomial infection, we must consider strict control of MRSA.

정량적관상동맥조영술의 정확도 및 재현도

조용근,황진용,박헌식,채성철,전재은,박의현 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1996 慶北醫大誌 Vol.37 No.4

목적 : 정량적관상동맥조영술이 최근 널리 보급되고 있지만 국내외를 막론하고 이의 정확도 및 재현도에 관한 연구가 불충분하여 본 연구를 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 110명의 환자에서 미국 General Electric사의 Advantx L/C/LP 디지탈혈관찰영기와 미국 USCI사의 좌관상동맥용 Judkins형의 Pro-Flo XT^(TM) 6F 도자를 이용하여 좌관상동맥조영술을 같은 각도에서 3회 실시하고 도자의 외경을 일본 Mitutoyo사의 정밀도 0.01㎜의 micrometer로 측정한 후 측정된 도자의 실제 직경과 정량적관상동맥조영술로 측정된 관상동맥의 직경을 비교하였다. 결 과 : USCI® Pro-Flo XT^(TM) 6F 좌관상동맥용 도자의 실제 외경은 1.91±0.03㎜이었고 정량적관상동맥조영술로 측정 한 도자의 외경은 1.94±0.11㎜이었다. 도자를 5.7F로 calibration했을 매 도자의 외경은 1.87±0.12㎜이었다. 세번 다 다른 화상에서 측정한 경우 근위부관상동맥 직경의 차이는 0.02±0.12㎜이었고 같은 화상에서 3회 측정하였던 경우에는 0.11±0.01㎜이었다. 결론 : 정량적관상동맥조영술의 정확도 및 재현도는 사용에 적합한 정도이나 적지 않은 문제점에 대한 보완이 필요하다고 생각된다. During quantitaive coronary angiography(QCA), contrast filled catheter is usually used as a scaling device. However the real diamerer of catheter is almost always smaller than the listed diameter. We measured the real diameter of catheters with precision micrometer(Mitutoyo® Japan). After caliberating the catheter as listed French size and diameter, we did QCA at the same tube position of the diameters of catheter and proximal left coronary artery. All measurements were done 3 times consecutively. The mean real diameter of USCI® Pro-Flo XT^(TM) 6 F left Judkin catheter was 1.91±0.03 ㎜. The mean QCA diamter of the same catheter was 1.94±0.11 ㎜. When we calibrated catheter as 1.91 ㎜. the mean QCA diameter was 1.87±0.12 ㎜. The mean differences of the diameters of the proximal left coronary artery were 0.20±0.12 ㎜ when the measurements were done in three different frames. When the measurements were done in the same frmae, the mean difference decreased to 0.11±0.01 ㎜. We conclude that the precision and reproducibility of QCA are within reasonable range, but more refimement is needed.

STD-11 와이어 컷 방전가공시 가공조건에 따른 북현상 고찰

조규재,김선진,조상현,김훈희 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2000 機械技術硏究 Vol.3 No.2

From the experimental study of W-EDM for alloyed steel STD-11, the characteristics such as Hand Drum Form and surface roughness have been observed and evaluated for various conditions. In square hole, the increase of IP as to made condition, the calculate high value of surface roughness. Also compare dimensionless square hole with circle hole' graph. In circle hole, if a value of surface roughness IP 6 in a side of circle it show a 0.4㎛ and in IP 8, 0.6㎛, in IP 10, 0.7㎛, in IP 12, 0.8㎛ higher than before. This figure show the surface roughness is higher than before, because a table move in either X-axis or Y-axis in square hole, on the contrary, in circle there table move in X-axis and Y-axis at the same time, hand drum form getting small when wire tension increase 1000gf to 1500gf, at the same working conditions, the smaller of off time, the maller of hand drum form in same condition and same wire tension. but if you compare square hole with circle hole' graph, hand drum form displayed in maintained term of working condision, on the contrary, in case of square hole variation of hand drum form is more increase than a grow of IP

생쥐 대장 평활근 세포에서 내향 정류성 칼륨 전류의 특성 연구

이은주,김명,정명섭,조향훈,김기훈,하현철,김준수,최석,전제열 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.2

Objectives: K^(+) channels play an important role in regulating cellular excitability. The aim of this study was to know whether or not inward rectifier K^(+) channel exists in colonic smooth muscle cells. Methods: Mouse colonic smooth muscle cells were isolated using collagenase, and then we recorded their membrane currents using a whole-cell patch clamp technique. Results: With 90 mM K^(+) in bath, hyperpolarization-induced inward currents from -120 mV to 20 mV with 400 ms duration at a holding potential of -10 mV showed rapid activation, inactivation and inward rectification. The inactivation showed single exponential time course. Reduction of external K^(+) to 60 mM decreased the amplitudes of the currents in whole test voltage range and shifted the reversal potential to more negative potential. The inactivation process and peak currents of hyperpolarization-induced inward currents were not affected by removing external Na^(+). External Ba^(+) blocked hyperpolarization-induced inward currents by dose-dependent manner and pure Ba^(+)-sensitive currents showed strong inward rectification. Cs^(+) also suppressed hyper- polarization-induced inward currents. Ba^(+) and Cs^(+)-induced inhibitiOn of hyperpolarization-induced inward currents was voltage-dependent, and the extent of inhibition increasing with membrane hyperpolarization. Conclusions: These results suggest that inward rectifier KU channels may exist in proximal colonic smooth muscle and may play an important role in regulating membrane potential.

초음파 결함신호 영상화를 이용한 레이저 용접부 비파괴 평가

김재열,송경석,한재호,김훈조 한국공작기계학회 2006 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

This paper aims to study that the defect exploration method to specimen's thickness, using an characteristic of an ultrasonic wave generating in ablation area and thermo elasticity area, has been applied to using a way of receiving it by Air-Coupled Transducer and transmitting it by an ultrasonic wave and a way of noncontact receiving and transmitting ultrasonic wave using a laser. The longitudinal, transverse waves have been used in 60mm thickness specimen and Lamb wave in 3mm to run artificial defect detection test. In this way, the usefulness of noncontact laser ultrasonic wave has been verified. To confirm the possibility of implementation on natural defect existing at real welding part, thickness in 3mm SM45C and STS304 artificial defect specimen has been made and defect detection test using Lamb wave has been executed. Detected signal by signal treatment has been expressed in visual not RF signal. By doing so the convenience of defect detection has been attempted and the effectiveness of defect signal visualization using Lamb wave has been confirmed compare with defect image through SAT.