석고 다이에 대한 다이 강화제의 영향

김영림,박주미,송광엽,Kim, Young-Rim,Park, Ju-Mi,Song, Kwang-Yeob 대한치과보철학회 2007 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.45 No.4

Statement of problem: Die materials require abrasion resistance, dimensional stability with time, and high surface wettability for adequate material properties. Wear of gypsum materials is a significant problem in the fabrication of accurately fitting cast prosthetic devices. So It has been recommended that the use of die hardener before carving or burnishing of the wax pattern. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the abrasion resistance and surface microhardness(Knoop) with 3 commonly used gypsum die materials(MG Crystal Rock, Super plumstone, GC $FUJIROCK^{(R)}$ EP) with and without the application of 2 die hardeners. Material and methods: Three die materials were evaluated for abrasion resistance and surface microhardness after application of 2 die hardeners(Die hardener and Stone die & plaster hardener). Thirty specimens of each gypsum material were fabricated using an impression of resin die(Pattern resin; GC Corporation, Japan) with 1-mm high ridges, sloped 90 degrees. Gypsum materials were mixed according to manufacturer's recommendations and allowed to set 24 hours before coating. Specimens were arbitrary assigned to 1 of 3 treatment subgroups (n=10/subgroup): no treatment(control), coated with Die hardener, and coated with Stone die & plaster hardener. Abrasion resistance(measured by weight loss) was evaluated using device in 50g mass perpendicular to the ridges. Knoop hardness was determined by loading each specimen face 5 times for 15 seconds with a force of 50g. A scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the surface of specimens in each treatment subgroup. Conclusions: The obtained results were as follows: 1. 3 types of die stone evaluated in this study did not show significant differences in surface hardness and abrasive resistance(P<.05). 2. In the abrasive resistance test, there were no significant differences between GC $FUJIROCK^{(R)}$ EP and MG Crystal Rock with or without 2 die hardener(P<.05). 3. Super plumstone treated with Stone die & plaster hardener showed increased wear loss(P<.05) 4. Die hardener coatings used in this study decreased the surface hardness of the gypsum material(P<.05).

탄소라벨링의 TBT협정 적용성 검토

김영림(Young-Rim Kim),박지은(Ji-Eun Park),이양기(Yang-Kee Lee) 한국무역연구원 2021 무역연구 Vol.17 No.4

Purpose - Abnormal weather conditions are serious around the world. Most of countries are planning environmental policies under the Convention on Climate Change. Carbon labeling is also one of the policies for environmental policies. However, the use of carbon labeling is likely to cause trade disputes. The higher the use of carbon labeling, the greater the possibility of trade disputes. The dispute over carbon labeling should be resolved by the WTO agreement. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a review on the applicability of carbon labeling to the WTO/TBT. Design/Methodology/Approach - We used the secondary data such as convention article, report and news article. Especially, we looked into the TBT Agreement and GATT Agreement. Because the two agreements are representative of the norms related PPM, NPR-PPM and like products. In order to analyze the issue regarding ’PPM’, ’NPR-PPM’ and ’Like products’, we also examined cases of dispute. Findings - If carbon labeling is recognized as a technical regulation, it will be able to determine whether the carbon labeling is applied TBT measures. The TBT Agreement is an agreement embodied from Articles 19 and 20 of the GATT and can be said to be an evolutionary or advanced form of GATT regulation. Climate change measures include a number of NPR-PPM regulations, so if only GATT regulations were applied, they would create an imbalance problem. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the scope of the technical provisions of the TBT Agreement. Research Implications - Carbon labeling refers to carbon emissions based on LCA. This may be the case with NPR-PPM, which is increasing in the climate change regime. It is expected that the expansion of TBT’s technical regulations will contribute to the harmony of environment and trade.

국내 지역별 채집계통 및 감수성계통 배추좀나방에 대한 Bacillus thuringiensis 제품의 생물활성 비교

김영림(Young-Rim Kim),조민수(Min-Su Cho),오세문(Se-Mun Oh),김성우(Sung-woo Kim),윤영남(Young-Nam Youn),유용만(Yong-Man Yu) 한국농약과학회 2010 농약과학회지 Vol.14 No.2

뇌교육 감정노동관리 프로그램 개발을 위한 선행 연구동향 고찰

김영림 ( Kim Young-rim ) 국제뇌교육종합대학원대학교 뇌교육연구소 2017 뇌교육연구 Vol.19 No.-

최근 국내에서는 감정노동이 근로자의 신체 및 심리상태에 미치는 영향과 심각성에 대한 공감대가 사회적으로 확산되면서 감정노동 스트레스를 완화하고 대처능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 감정노동관리 프로그램에 대한 요구가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 이루어진 감정노동관리 프로그램 개발 연구에 대한 분석을 통하여 프로그램의 효과성을 점검해 보고 향후 효과적인 감정노동관리 프로그램을 개발하는데 기초 자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여, 본 연구는 국내에서 시행되었던 감정노동관리 프로그램 개발 연구논문을 기본요소, 내용요소 및 특징요소로 분류하여 분석하였다. 이러한 분석을 통하여 향후 개발될 뇌교육 기반 감정노동관리 프로그램의 효과를 향상시키는데 기여하고자 하였다. Although emotional labor affects the physical and psychological status of workers and the consensus on their severity is spreading socially, research on emotional labor management programs that can reduce emotional labor stress and improve coping abilities, It began to progress in only. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the program and to utilize it as a basic data to develop effective emotional labor management program. For this purpose, this study classified emotional labor management program research papers, which were implemented in Korea, into basic elements, content elements and feature elements. Through this analysis, This study is intended to contribute to improve the emotional labor management program to be developed in future.

Astaxanthin처리 산란계로부터 생산된 난황이 Mouse의 마크로파지 활성과 응집소가 및 용혈소가에 미치는 영향

김홍출(Hong-Chul Kim),박숙자(Sook-Jahr Park),김정곤(Jeong-Kon Kim),김영림(Young-Rim Kim),박원석(Won-Seck Park),조용운(Yong-Un Cho),조현종(Hyeon-Jong Cho),김정환(Jeong-Hwan Kim),하영래(Yeong-Lae Ha) 한국식품영양과학회 2001 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.30 No.6

마크로파지의 활성을 조사하기 위해 carbon clearance time을 조사한 결과 AEY 처리구가 control이나 CEY 처리구에 비해 짧았다. 특히 AEY 500 μg 처리에서 carbon clearance 시간이 5분으로 control에서 9.42분, CEY(250 μg 처리)에서 9.01분보다 유의성있는 감소를 보였다. AEY 처리에 의해 응집소가와 용혈소가가 다소 증가되었다. SRBC 처리 1일째와 3일째에 250 μg 처리구를 비교해 보면, control, CEY, AEY의 응집소가는 각각 5.50, 5.63, 6.00 및 5.25, 5.38, 5.50로 용혈소가는 각각 4.75, 5.38, 5.50 및 4.25, 5.63, 5.63으로 AEY 처리구가 control, CEY 처리구에 비해 면역 활성이 있었지만 유의성은 없었다. Effect of the egg yolks from laying hens intubated, p.o., astaxanthin (designated AEY) on mouse humoral immunity was investigated using male ICR mouse (6~7 weeks of age). Mice were adapted in a temperature- and humidity-controlled house for one week and randomly divided into 5 treatment groups (9 mice/cage/treatment). Mice were intubated p.o., AEY (100, 250 and 500 μg) or control egg yolks (CEY, 250 μg), dissolved in 0.1 mL DMSO, for consecutive 4 days. At day 5, carbon suspension (pilot drawing ink 3 mL+3% gelatine 3 mL) was injected 3 μL per 1 g body weight through tail vein. Carbon clearance time was measured at 5 and 35 minutes post the injection of carbon suspension. Another two experiments were conducted to determine the hemagglutinin-titer (HGT) and hemolysin-titer (HLT) with male ICR mouse (8 mice/cage/treatment). Mice treated with AEY were induced immune activity with SRBC. HGT and HLT were measured from the blood at day 1 and 3 after treatment of SRBC. AEY treatment reduced the carbon clearance time. Especially the carbon clearance time by 500 μg AEY treatment was 5.00 minutes, which was very short time compared with 9.42 minutes by control and 9.01 minutes by CEY. AEY group showed slightly higher values of HGT and HLT than CEY group and control. At day 1, HGT in control, 250 μg CEY and 250 μg AEY groups was 5.50, 5.63, and 6.00, respectively. Similarly, HLT in control, 250 μg CEY and 250 μg AEY groups was 4.75, 5.38, and 5.50, respectively, at day 1. These results suggest that AEY exhibited immunity-enhancing effect.

Bacillus thuringiensis와 Neem oil에 대한 배추좀나방의 살충활성

조민수(Min-Su Cho),최수연(Su-Yeon Choi),김택환(Tae-Whan Kim),박찬(Chan Park),김담아(Dam-A Kim),김영림(Young-Rim Kim),오세문(Se-Mun Oh),김성우(Sung-Woo Kim),윤영남(Young-Nam Youn),유용만(Yong-Man Yu) 한국농약과학회 2009 농약과학회지 Vol.13 No.4

Isoeugenol의 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)에 대한 진정, 마취 및 독성효과 검토

신기욱,신용승,김영림,이은영,양향희,팔락샤,허남응,연성찬,이희천,오명주,조성준,강승원,정태성,Shin, Gee-wook,Shin, Yong-seung,Kim, Young-rim,Lee, Eun-young,Yang, Hyang-hee,Palaksha, K.J.,Huh, Nam-eung,Yeon, Seong-chan,Lee, Hee-chun,Oh, Myung- 대한수의학회 2005 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.45 No.2

Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is the major mariculture fish in Korea. The annual aquaculture production of olive flounder in Korea during the period of 2003 was 300,000 ton (2002 Statistics, Ministry of Maritime Affairs & Fisheries, Korea Government). Anesthetics is very necessary in aquaculture to minimize stress and damage during harvesting, grading, transportation, spawning induction and handling to fish. In the present study, isoeugenol as new anesthetic in marine fish, especially olive flounder, was examined to know the efficacy and proper concentration. As a result, olive flounder adult was exhibited sedation at 5 ppm at 10 and $15^{\circ}C$, and 7.5 ppm at $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. Anesthesia was required at least 10, 7.5 and 10 ppm at $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$ and at $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. In case of fry, the effect of sedation was observed from 2.5 ppm at $10^{\circ}C$ and 5 ppm at 15 and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. Anesthesia was observed from 2.5 ppm at $10^{\circ}C$, 5 ppm at 15 and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. In acute toxicity test, it was impossible to explore $LD_{50}$ with the concentration of isoeugenol adult at $15^{\circ}C$ used, but over immersion volume of 15 ppm at $15^{\circ}C$ was observed mortality in fry. Based on the present study, isoeugenol was identified as a safe and active anesthetic to olive flounder.

Astaxanthin 처리 산란계로부터 생산된 난황의 Mouse에 대한 Catabolic Response Overcome 효과

김홍출(Hong-Chul Kim),박숙자(Sook-Jahr Park),박철우(Cherl-Woo Park),김영림(Young-Rim Kim),김정환(Jeong-Hwan Kim),최의성(Eui Sung Choi),조현종(Hyeon-Jong Cho),조용운(Yong Un Cho),하영래(Yeong Lae Ha) 한국식품영양과학회 2001 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.30 No.6

Astaxanthin을 산란계에 경구 투여하여 얻은 AEY에는 총 2.88 mg%의 carotenoid가 함유되어 있었다. Carotenoid 성분을 HPLC로 분석한 결과, CEY에는 존재하지 않는 α-cryptoxanthin, canthaxanthin, cynthiaxanthin, triol 등이 AEY에서 확인되었다. CEY에서는 존재하지 않기 때문에 이들은 astaxanthin의 대사생성물로 예상할 수 있다. AEY는 LPS로 유발한 mouse의 catabolic response overcome의 효과 시험에서 control구에 비해 유의성있는 체중 감소 억제 효과를 보였다. 또한 AEY는 LPS 처리에 의한 면역기관에 미치는 영향에서는 췌장과 간의 체중에 대한 상대적 비율을 증가시켰다. 따라서 AEY 처리가 면역작용을 하는 세포의 활성에 관여하는 것으로 생각되고 이것은 AEY 처리구에서 관찰되는 α-cryptoxanthin, canthaxanthin, cynthiaxanthin, triol 등에 의한 것으로 추측된다. Effect of the egg yolks from laying hens intubated, p.o., astaxanthin (designated AEY) on the catabolic response overcome of mice was examined. Female ICR mice (6~7 weeks of age) were adapted in a temperature- and humidity-controlled house for one week and randomly divided into 5 groups (6 mice/cage/treatment). Mice were intubated p.o., AEY (5, 10 and 15 mg), control egg yolk (CEY, 10 mg), or fish oil (5 mg) dissolved in 0.2mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) every two days for 14 days. At day 15, the 0.1 mL of lipopolysaccharide solution (LPS, 30 μg/0.1 mL 10 mM HEPES) was injected through tail vein, and then, the body weight of mouse and the amount of feed intake were measured over a period of 72 hours. Control group mice were received only PBS and LPS. AEY treatment suppressed the loss of mice body weight in a dose-response manner. Twenty four hours post LPS injection, the reduced body weight per mouse of AEY 5, AEY 10, and AEY 15 mg treatment groups was 3.70, 3.54, and 3.25 g, respectively. Body weight suppression effect of AEY treatment was greater than that of CEY, but less than fish oil. AEY treatment did not alter thymus weight, but increased the weight of spleen or liver. These results indicate that AEY suppressed the loss of body weight by LPS via any function of the spleen and/or liver.

이차원전기영동을 이용한 Escherichia coli O157:H7 균주간 항원 Spot의 비교

안영창,신기욱,신용승,이응구,이형준,박미림,김영림,정태성,김곤섭,김용환,Ahn, Yeong-Chang,Shin, Gee-Wook,Shin, Yong-Seung,Lee, Eung-Goo,Lee, Hyoung-Jun,Park, Mi-Rim,Kim, Young-Rim,Jung, Tae-Sung,Kim, Gon-Sup,Kim, Yong-Hwan 대한수의학회 2002 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.42 No.2

Proteomics is an emerging powerful tool in studying protein expression and function. At present study, proteomics was employed to evaluate the antigenicity among Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and immunoblotting, SDS-PAGE and immunblotting analysis revealed no big differences among E coli O157:H7 strains. 2-DE analysis, however, revealed common antigens as well as specific antigens. The immunoblotting analysis revealed 20 common antigenic spots among E coli O157:H7 strains. In addition, there were 3 and 13 spots as common antigens between ATCC 43894 and KSC 109, and between ATCC 43894 and ACH 5, respectively. Antigenic spots specific for individual strain were also identified as 15, 8 and 22 for ATCC 43894, ACH 5 and KSC 109, respectively. The common antigens would be useful by employing either vaccine development or diagnosis marker, or both, whereas the specific antigens of individual strains would be applicable for epidemiological study. This study suggest that proteome analysis, representative as 2-DE, is valuable tool in exploring the E. coli antigenicity.

TBT협정하의 탄소라벨링에 관한 충돌가능성 : 검토 -WTO 분쟁사례를 중심으로

박지은(Ji-Eun Park),이양기(Yang-Kee Lee),김영림(Young-Rim Kim) 한국통상정보학회 2021 통상정보연구 Vol.23 No.2

온실가스 감축을 위한 방안으로 각종 환경라벨링이 증가하면서 비관세장벽이 형성됨에 따라 환경라벨링의 지위와 WTO 규정 적용에 대한 검토가 필요해지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 탄소라벨링과 관련 국제규범인 TBT 협정을 먼저 살펴보고, 환경라벨링과 관련된 WTO 분쟁사례를 검토하였다. 본 연구에서는 불필요한 무역제한 조치 및 관련 국제표준을 중심으로 TBT협정의 쟁점을 검토하였다. 정당한 목적 및 국제표준과 국제표준 설정기구에 대한 해석상의 기준을 마련함으로써 WTO 회원국의 자의적 해석을 방지하고, 향후 분쟁 발생가능성을 낮추기 위한 노력이 요구된다. As a non-tariff barrier is being formed as various environmental labeling increases as a measure to reduce greenhouse gas, it is necessary to review the status of environmental labeling and the application of WTO regulations. Therefore, this study examined carbon labeling and TBT agreements as related international regulation. It also analyzed cases of WTO disputes involving environmental labeling. This study examines the issues of the TBT Agreement focusing on unnecessary trade restrictions and related international standards. It can prevent arbitrary interpretation of WTO member states by preparing standards for interpretation for legitimate purposes and international standards and international standards-setting organizations. The probability of future disputes should be reduced by improving the relevant provisions of the TBT Agreement.