Characterization of changes in global gene expression in the brain of neuron-specific enolase/human Tau23 transgenic mice in response to overexpression of Tau protein.

Woo, Jong-Min,Park, So Jung,Kang, Ho Il,Kim, Byoung Guk,Shim, Sun Bo,Jee, Seung Wan,Lee, Su Hae,Sin, Ji Soon,Bae, Chang Joon,Jang, Mee Kyung,Cho, Chunghee,Hwang, Dae Youn,Kim, Chuel Kyu D.A. Spandidos 2010 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.25 No.5

<P>Tau is a neuronal phosphoprotein responsible for the formation of the neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. To characterize the changes in global gene expression in the brain of transgenic mice that overexpress human Tau23 protein in response to the increase of Tau23 phosphorylation, total RNA extracted from the hippocampus of 12-month-old transgenic and wild-type mice was converted to cDNA, labeled with biotin and hybridized to oligonucleotide microarrays. The microarray results were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting method. It was determined that 43 genes were up-regulated and 8 genes were down-regulated by Tau23 in transgenic mice compared to controls, based on the arbitrary difference in the 2-fold change. Among the up-regulated transcripts, those encoding for transporter and oxidoreductase were dramatically over-represented, followed by those related to regulatory molecule, cytoskeletal protein, signaling molecule, and extracellular matrix protein. Genes encoding for transcription factor, regulatory molecule, miscellaneous function, and chaperone were significantly reduced in the down-regulated group. The major genes in the up-regulated categories included Ecrg4, Folr1, Defb11, Aqp1 and Soctdc1. The major genes in the down-regulated categories were Ncor1, Gpm6a, and Hspd1. These results indicate that the microarray analysis identifies several gene functional groups and individual genes that respond to a sustained increase in Tau23 phosphorylation levels in the brain of transgenic mice. In addition, the results suggest the microarray test is a useful tool for increased understanding of the role of Tau23 protein in regulating neurodegenerative disorders.</P>

Impact of urban warming on earlier spring flowering in Korea

Jeong, Jee‐,Hoon,Ho, Chang‐,Hoi,Linderholm, Hans W.,Jeong, Su‐,Jong,Chen, Deliang,Choi, Yong‐,Sang John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2011 International journal of climatology Vol.31 No.10

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Using long‐term (1954–2004) observations of four selected species in South Korea: goldenbell (<I>Forsythia koreana</I>), azalea (<I>Rhododendron mucronulatum</I>), cherry (<I>Prunus yedoensis</I>), and peach (<I>Prunus persica</I>), the impact of urban warming on spring flowering was investigated. Trends of early spring temperatures and first‐flowering dates (FFDs) of the four plants were cross‐compared among nine differently urbanized cities. It was clearly observed that urban warming has led to an advance in the timing of first‐flowering of several days to weeks during recent decades, while the intrinsic physiology of plants to sense thermal energy has not been changed. The degree of advancement of the FFD was observed to be roughly proportional to degree of urbanization. Moreover, the sensitivity of the FFD to urban warming was estimated to be higher for the shrub species (−9.07 and −6.64 days °C<SUP>−1</SUP> for goldenbell and azalea, respectively) than the tree species (−2.46 and −2.90 days °C<SUP>−1</SUP> for peach and cherry, respectively). Our results suggest that the impact of urban warming should be considered as an influential factor which drives changes in the regional natural environment, especially in regions of rapid urbanization. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society</P>

용량별 죽력 투여가 생쥐의 간과 신장의 조직 및 혈액학적 변화에 미치는 영향

정종길,나창수,김경수,홍광표,김정상 대한본초학회 2002 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Objectives : Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen extracts (BE) has been used for various curative effect that remove intense heat from the heart, replenish deficiency Yin, nourish deficiency blood, resolve phlegm. This study was performed to investigate the toxicity of BE to mice according to the administered dosage. Methods : The experimental groups divided four. Control group treated saline, J1 group treated BE and distilled water in the ratio of 1:15(0.05ml/kg), F2 group treated BE and distilled water in the ratio of 1:7(0.05ml/kg), J3 group treated BE and distilled water in the ratio of 1:17(0.05ml/kg). We administered BE to the mice for 24 weeks at interval of 48 hours, and investigated the body weight, changes in hematological profile, activities of the transaminase(GOT, GPT) and two hepatic antioxidant enzyme(SOD, catalase), and histological changes of the liver and kidney. Results : Leukocytes of J3 group were increased in the administered for 12 weeks, but decreased in the administered for 24 weeks. Platelets were decreased about 36% in J3 group treated for 12 weeks, but increased about 50% in the same group treated for 24 weeks. Blood total proteins were decreased slightly in the all experimental groups compared with control group. The activities of the transaminase and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were increased, but decreased activities of catalase in the J2 and J3 groups administered for 12 or 24 weeks. In the light microscopical observation, ballooned and injured hepatocytes in portal vein area of J1 group occurred, and dilated hepatocytes and disoriented sinusoid observed in J2 group administered extracts to mice for 24 weeks. Apoptosis occured in the ballooned and injured hepatocytes of the portal vein area in J3 group. A agglutination of RBC in glomerular capsule of the kidney observed in the J2 group, and destructed convoluted tubule observed in the J3 group treated for 24 weeks. Conclusions : These results indicate that mice treated with high dose BE develop a hematological changes, dysfuncton of the liver and kidney.

신장수여자의 수술경과시간에 따른 자기존경감, 희망감, 염려 및 스트레스원의 차이

이 철,김창윤,한오수,박인호,유희정,한덕종 울산대학교 의과대학 1993 울산의대학술지 Vol.2 No.2

This study attempted to examine the differences of self - esteem, hopes, concerns and total stress scores of 110 kidney recipients in before(N=32) and fellowing kidney transplantation [1 to 6 months(N=29), 6 to 12 months(N=23), 12 to 36 months(N=26)] and utilizing severity rating scale of 44 potential stressors on a 5-point scale of 110 kidney recipients in before(N=32) and following kidney transplantation operation [1 to 6 months(N=29), 6 to 12 months(N=23), 12 to 24 months(N=15) and 24 to 36 months(N=11)]. On scores of hopes and total stress, pretransplant group exhibited significantly higher scores than three posttransplant recipient groups. But, it was found that there was no significant differences among four transplant kidney recipient groups on the scores of self - esteem and concerns. In the pretransplant group, craving for foods was identified as the most stressful event, on the contrary, changes in friends was identified as the lowest stressful events. In the 1 to 6 months posttransplant group, side effect of medications was identified as the most stressful event, however, loss of contact with dialysis patients was identified as the lowest stressful event. In the 6 to 12 months posttransplant group, cost of medication, changes in body appearance were identified as the most stressful event, on the other hand, managing of medications at home was identified as the lowest stressful event. In the 12 to 24 months posttransplant group, cost of medication and insurance coverage were identified as the most stressful event, but possibility of dying and competence of nursing staff were identified as the lowest stressful event. In the 24 to 36 months posttransplant group, changes of body appearance was identified as the most stressful event, on the contrary, possibility of infection was identified as the lowest stressful event. Insurance coverage was a continuing concern throughout posttransplant period.

아윤 아파두라이의 scape 개념을 통한 문화의 세계화와 현대건축의 상관관계 고찰

장근수,김현하,임종엽 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1

Today's culture represents its process of fragmentation. Recognizing this feature, this study will examine the conceptional difference between Modernity and cultural globalization based on the concept of Arjun Appadurai's Scapes. Then this study will consider the relationship between cultural globalization and contemporary architecture, by studying on design processes of contemporary architects who attempt to construct cultural flow as an experience element.

木材資源經營에 있어서 目標計劃法의 適用性에 關한 硏究 : 本校 永同 演習林을 中心으로 in training forest (Young-Dong) of Kyung-Hee Univ.

張哲洙,李鍾樂 慶熙大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

This study presents a cast study which deals with the application of GP(Goal Programming) to timber resource management problem in the Kyung Hee University training forests(Young-Dong). The management criteria used for the analysis were timber volume maximization, normal age-class distribution, and periodic sustained yield. Six arrangements of goal rankings and three alternatives in goal achievement constraint type for sensitivity analysis were used and discussed. Also, the general framework for the GP formulation of a timber harvest scheduling problem and the timber harvest area and volume production plan were suggested. The analysis of GP output provides valuable information with respect to resource allocation problems having several conflicting objectives for the decision maker. It therfore assists in dertermining how resources should be allocated to meet specified goal and in analysis consequent the impacts and trade-offs occuring if certains are made.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

수학적인 개념 형성 지도에 관한 연구

배종수,임창균 서울교육대학교 2001 한국초등교육 Vol.13 No.1

조혈모세포이식 환자에서 침습성 진균 감염에 대한 이트라코나졸 액과 플루코나졸 시럽의 예방 효과 : 전향적, 무작위, 비교 임상시험

최수미,이동건,최정현,박선희,엄기성,김유진,김희제,민창기,유진홍,김동욱,이종욱,민우성,신완식,김춘추 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.2

목적 : 조혈모세포이식 환자에서 호중구 감소 기간 동안 이트라코나졸 액(ITZS)과 플루코나졸 시럽(FCZS)의 진균 감염에 대한 예방 효과를 전향적으로 비교해 보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2001년 8월부터 2002년 6월까지 가톨릭 조혈모세포이식센터에 입원하여 동종 조혈모세포이식을 받은 만 18세 이상의 환자들을 각각 ITZS와 FCZS군으로 무작위 배정하여 침습성 진균 감염 발생과 약제 관련 부작용을 전향적으로 조사하였다. 결과 : ITZS군에 40명, FCZS군에 38명이 배정되었고, FCZS군 환자의 평균 나이가 더 많았다. 시험 약제 평균투여기간은 ITZS군 16.4일, FCZS군 21.9일로 ITZS군이 더 짧았다. 이는 ITZS군에서 소화기 부작용으로 인한 약제 중단이 더 많았기 때문으로 보인다. 시험 약제 투여 후 총 빌리루빈 수치의 유의한 증가가 관찰되었으나, 약제 관련 부작용은 모든 환자에서 가역적이었다. 호중구감소 기간동안 표재성 진균 감염은 두 군에서 모두 발생하지 않았고, 침습성 진균 감염은 ITZS군 5명(12.5%), FCZS군 8명(21.1%)으로 FCZS군에서 많았으나, 통계학적으로 유의하지 않았고, 사망률에도 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론 : 침습성 진균 감염에 대한 이트라코나졸 액과플루코라졸 시럽의 예방 효과에 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 앞으로 더 많은 환자를 대상으로 잘 짝지어진 대조군 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. 부작용 중 간독성과 관련하여 이식시 투여되는 여러 약제들과의 상호작용에 대한 연구도 필요할 것이다. Background : Though fluconazole is widely used for antifungal prophylaxis, it is ineffective against mould infections including Aspergillus species. Itraconazole has a broader spectrum than fluconazole but the capsule form shows erratic bioavailability in neutropenic patients. In this study, we compared itraconazole oral solution (ITZS) with fluconazole syrup (FCZS) for the prevention of invasive fungal infection (IFI) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Materials and Methods : Adults receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from september 2001 to June 2002, were randomly allocated to either the ITZS group or the FCZS group. We prospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of each drug. Results : Out of 78 patients (40 patients in the ITZS group and 38 patients in the FCZS group) who were eligible for this study, 37 patients completed the course of prophylaxis without any evidence of IFI. The mean duration of prophylaxis was 16.4 days for the ITZS group and 21.9 days for the FCZS group (P<0.006). Drug-related adverse events occurred in 28 patients (70.0%) and 19 patients (50.0%) in the ITZS group and the FCZS group, respectively. Common adverse events of ITZS were nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Drug-related reversible hepatotoxicity occurred in 4 patients in the ITZS group. There was a significant elevation of total bilirubin level in the ITZS group. The incidence of suspected IFI occurred in 5 patients (12.5%) who received ITZS, compared with 8 (21.1%) who received FCZS (P=0.372). There were no proven IFIs or superficial (oral/vaginal) fungal infections in both groups. Overall mortality was not different between the two groups (2.5% in the ITZS group versus 5.3% in the FCZS group, P=0.610). Conclusion : ITZS and FCZS showed similar protection against IFI during pre-engraftment period. Poor tolerability due to gastrointestinal troubles of ITZS might limit its success as prophylactic therapy. Well matched controlled study with large number of patients will be required in the future.

정신분열병 환자에서 얼굴 영상의 작동기억 장애 : 기능자기공명영상연구

이창욱,김태석,주라형,박주미,박여진,김종진,전신수,배치운,김정진,이수정,이철,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.2

Objectives : Impaired processing of facial information is one of the broad ranges of cognitive deficits seen in patients with Schi-zophrenia. We aimed to elucidate the differences in brain activities involved in the process of facial working memory between schizophrenic patients and healthy comparison subjects. Methods : Twelve patients with schizophrenia were recruited along with twelve demographically matched healthy volunteers as a comparison group. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess cortical activities during the Perfor-mance of a 2-back working memory paradigm using images of neutral faces as mnemonic content. Rcsults : The patient group performed the tasks with reduced accuracy. Group analysis revealed that the left fusiform gyrus, the right superior frontal gyrus, the bilateral middle frontal gyri/insula, the left middle temporal gyrus, the precuneus, the quadrangular lobules and the vermis of cerebellum showed decreased cortical activities in the patient group. On the other hand, an increased level of activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex and the pahetal lobule was observed from the patient group, all in the right hemisphere. Conulusion : A decreased level of activity in the left fusiform gyrus among the patient group implicates inefficient processing of facial information. An increased level of activation in prefrontal and parietal neural networks from the patient group confirms earlier findings on the impaired working memory of patients with schizophrenia.