서울의 PPNG 발생 빈도(1991-1992)

김재홍,윤기범,박평원,김영진,전경민,김영태,김중환,곽호,구상완,송민석,유옥,지혜구,김동원,문상은,박영립,정승호,성범진,성순제,엄주용,황정열,이기홍,이주협,전태진 대한화학요법학회 1994 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The prevalence of PPNG among pretreated gonorrhea cases isolated at the STD clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul has been studied and reported annually since 1981. In 1991, 123 strains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 58(47.1%) were PPNG. In 1992, 98 starains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 51(52.0%) were PPNG. In all, 109(49.3%) strains were found to be PPNG among 221 strains isolated between 1991-1992. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul showed increased tendency till 1989, thereafter, it has been stationary or slightly decreasing.

Proteomic Approach to Analyzing Flooding Stress in Soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.)

Kim,Tae-Seon,Cho,Seong-Woo,Lee,Jae-Eun,Kim,Yook-Han,Cho,Kun,Choi,Jong-Soon,Chung,Keun-Yook,Song,Beom-Heon,Jong,Seung-Keun,Kim,Hong-Sig,Woo,Sun-Hee 한국작물학회 2005 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

Effects of Exercise Types on BNDF and Cognitive Functions in Middle Aged Women

김유범(Yu-Beom Kim1),김경래(Kyeong-Lae Kim),박성태(Sung-Tae Park) 한국교원대학교 뇌기반교육연구소 2020 Brain, Digital, & Learning Vol.10 No.2

This study is to analyse the impact of two types of exercise on BDNF and cognitive functions in middle aged women. Thirty nine healthy women, aged 50~64 years followed by randomly assigned to a task learning exercise group(n=13), non-task learning exercise group(n=13) and control group(n=13). The TEG performed a dance sports and cognitive band resistance exercise and the NTEG performed a walking and band resistance exercise. Blood sampling and auditory verbal learning test(AVLT) were performed at before exercise, after one bout exercise, and 4 weeks after. As a result, an one bout exercise of moderate intensity on middle aged women was not affected transient change of BDNF significantly regardless of exercise types, but a task-learning exercise was affected positive effect on AVLT. A chronic exercise of moderate intensity for 4 weeks on healthy middle aged women was not affected increasing of basal BDNF levels and memory performance significantly.

유기질비료 시비량에 따른 오미자 묘목의 초기 생육특성에 관한 연구

이경아,박태호,박성용,김도현,오문국,김민수,안태진,이상원,김영국,안영섭,박충범,차선우,송범헌 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2015 農業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.1

This study was carried out to have basic and applied informations to find the optimum nitrogen fertilization level for organic cultivation and to investigate early growth characteristics of Schizandra chinensis Baillon. Different application levels of the organic fertilizer were based on the recommended rate of N fertilizer. Five different levels of the organic fertilizer were applied to S. chinensis and early growth responses such as the length of vine, the diameter of vine, the number of leaves, and the number of branches were investigated. Lengths of main and total vines were shown longer at the level of 1.0 time organic fertilizer than those at others. The vine length at early growth was the highest at the level of 1.0 time organic fertilizer among the treatments. Stem diameter was shown thicker level of 1.0 time organic fertilizer than others on August and September, whereas on October it was the thickest in the conventional cultivation. Number of leaf was increased higher at the level of 1.0 and 2.0 times organic fertilizer than that in the compared to conventional. The number of branches was appeared the lowest at the level of 1.0 time organic fertilizer at early growth, however they were increased through progressing their growth stages. They were not significantly difference among the treatments except for the level of 2.0 times organic fertilizer. Based on the research results, the growth of S. chinensis was commonly higher at the level of 1.0 time organic fertilizer compared to other treatments.

Pollen Viability of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) in in vitro Germination and its Application to Male Gametophyte Isolation

Woo, Sun-HeeㆍKeun-Yook ChungㆍHeung-Tae, KimㆍYong-Gu, ChoㆍHong-Sig, KimㆍBeom-Heon, Songㆍ Chul-Won, Lee and Seung-Keun Jong 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2004 農業科學硏究 Vol.21 No.-

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우리나라 사람면역결핍바이러스(Human Immunodeficiency Virus) 감염환자에서 발병한 악성종양

최평균,송진수,조재현,김성한,박경화,방지환,박완범,김홍빈,김동완,김태유,허대석,오명돈,김남중,최강원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

Background : Since highly active antiretroviral therapy has lengthened the life span of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the importance of malignancy associated with HIV has been increased. The relative frequencies of malignancies in HIV infected patients may vary in different race and region. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and characteristics of malignancies in patients with HIV infection in South Korea. Materials and Methods : To identify HIV patients with malignancy, we reviewed the electronic database of pathological reports for all HIV-infected patients seen from January 1986 to December 2005 at the Seoul National University Hospital. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of them. Results : Among 850 patients infected with HIV, 33 episodes of malignant diseases were diagnosed in 32 patients (3.76%). Thirty were males, and median age was 46 years (range 29-70). At the time of the diagnosis of malignancy, median CD4^(+) lymphocytes count was 100/uL (range 5-620) and in 27 (82%) patients, CD4^(+) lymphocytes count were less than 200/uL. For 13 patients (40%), malignancy was initial presentation of HIV infection. Excluding patients initially diagnosed as malignancy, median follow-up duration from the first visit to diagnosis of malignancy was 36 months (range 3-96). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was the most frequent malignancy (13 patients), followed by Kaposi's sarcoma (7), Hodgkin‘s disease (3), acute myeloid leukemia (1), and other solid cancer (9) including one case of anal cancer associated with human papillomavirus. Among 13 patients with non- Hodgkin's lymphoma, 4(31%) achieved the complete remission after chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, and had been followed without evidence of recurrence. Conclusion : Malignancy was diagnosed in 3.76% of patients infected with HIV. Non-Hodgkin‘s lymphoma is the most prevalent malignancy in HIV patients in South Korea. 목적 : 효과적인 항레트로바이러스 다제요법이 도입됨에 따라, HIV 감염환자들의 수명이 증가되었고, 이에 따라 HIV 감염환자에서 악성종양의 중요성 또한 증가하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 HIV 감염환자에서 악성종양의 유병률과 호발하는 악성종양의 특성을 밝히는 것이다. 재료 및 방법 : 1986년부터 2005년까지 서울대학교병원에서 치료를 받은 HIV 감염환자의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였고, 병리학적 검사 결과를 검토하여 악성종양이 진단된 환자들을 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 결과 : 총 850명의 환자 중, 32명(3.76%)에서 33예의 악성종양이 진단되어, 악성종양의 발병률은 1,000인년 당13.0명(95% 신뢰구간: 8.6∼17.4명)이었다. 그 중 남자는 30명이었고, 악성종양 진단 당시 연령의 중간값은 46 (29-70)세이었다. 악성종양 진단받을 당시, CD4 림프구 수의 중간값은 lOO/uL (5-620 uL) 이었고, CD4 림프구수가 200/ uL 미만인 환자가 27명(82%)이었다. 악성종양에 대한 검사 도중에 HIV 감염사실이 밝혀진 환자가 13명(40%)이었다. HIV를 진단 받은 후 악성종양이 발병한 환자들에서, HIV 진단 후 악성종양의 발병까지는 평균 36개월(3-96개월)이 걸렸다. 13명의 HIV 감염 환자에서 진단된 비호지킨림프종이 가장 흔한 악성종양이었고, 이외에 카포시육종이 7명, 호지킨병이 3명, HPV와 연관된 항문암이 1명의 HIV 환자에서 진단되었다. 그 밖에 급성백혈병, 방광암, 췌장장, 폐암, 진행성위암, 갑상선암, 간세포암, 후두암이 각각 1예씩 진단되었다. 비호지킨림프종이 진단된13명 환자 중, 4명(31%)은 항암치료 및 방사선치료를 받아 완전관해가 되었고, 현재 재발의 증거 없이 외래에서 경과 관찰 중이다. 결론 : 우리나라 HIV 감염환자에서 악성종양의 유병률은 3.76%이었고, 비호지킨림프종이 가장 흔한 악성종양이었다.

과학관련 선 그래프를 해석하는 고등학생들의 발성사고 과정 분석

김태선,김범기 한국과학교육학회 2005 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.25 No.2

선 그래프는 막대그래프와 달리 각 변인들의 변화에 기인한 경향을 보여준다. 따라서 선 그래프로부터 경향을 파악할 수 있는지의 여부는 중요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 선 그래프 도식을 지닌 학생들이 선 그래프를 읽고 해석 할 때 선 그래프 도식을 지니지 못한 학생들과 비교하여 어떠한 사고과정을 거치는지 파악하는 것이다. 발성사고를 통하여 고등학생들의 선 그래프 이해 수준과 선 그래프 유형에 따라 선 그래프를 읽는 사고 과정의 특징을 분석한 결과, 동일하게 주어진 시간 동안에 상위 그룹에 해당하는 학생들은 하위 그룹에 속하는 학생들보다 더 많은 문장을 발성사고하였으며, 하위 그룹의 학생들과 달리 적응단계에서 선 그래프의 유형, 경향, 라벨 등을 파악하는데 오랜 시간을 사용하였다. 또한 상위그룹의 학생들은 하위그룹의 학생들보다 초인지적인 문장을 발성사고하는 경우가 더 많았다. 선 그래프 도식을 지닌 학생들과 단순히 일반적인 그래프 도식을 지닌 학생들을 구별하고 그에 따라 정보를 전달하는 방식을 달리하는 융통성이 필요하다. Graphing abilities are critical to understand and convey information in science. And then, to what extent are secondary students in science courses able to understand line graphs? To find clues about the students' interpretation processes of the information in science-related line graphs, this study has the following research question : Is there a difference between the levels of complexity of good and poor readers as they use the thinking aloud method for studying cognitive processes? The present study was designed to provide evidence for the hypothesis that good line graph readers use a specific graph interpretation process when reading and interpreting line graphs. With the aid of the thinking aloud method we gained deeper insight into the interpretation processes of good and poor graph readers while verifying verbal statements with respect to line graphs. The high performing students tend to read much more information and more trend-related information than the low performing students. We support the assumption of differential line graph schema existing in the high performing students in conjunction with general graph schema. Also, high performing students tend to think aloud much more metacognitively than low performing students. High performing students think aloud a larger quantity of information from line graphs than low performing students, and more trend-related sentences than value-related sentences from line graphs. The differences of interpretation processes revealed between good and poor graph readers while reading and interpreting line graphs have implications for instructional practice as well as for test development and validation. Teaching students to read and interpret graphs flexibly and skillfully is a particular challenge to anyone seriously concerned with good education for students who live in an technological society.

조경수목의 컨테이너생산과 노지생산 방식에 대한 비교연구 : 경제적 실용화 가능성을 중심으로 Economic Feasibility Study

김태진,김학범 안성산업대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

외국에 비해 국내에서는 아직 컨테이너식재가 보편화되지 않고 있어 그 효용성을 인식하지 못하여 왔다. 일부 조경수 생산업체를 중심으로 외국의 기술을 시범적으로 실험하여 적용가능성을 타진하는 경우가 있으나, 아직은 체계화된 연구결과를 발표하는 단계에까지는 이르지 못하고 있다. 그것은 생산자 측면에서는 기존의 조경수 생산업이 소규모의 영세성을 벗어나지 못하였고 품질위주의 생산보다는 양적인 식재관행에 의존하여 그때그때의 시장수요에 대응하는 수동적인 자세만을 견지해 왔기 때문이다. 연구개발 측면에서는 선진적인 조경수 생산분야에서의 신기술개발 관심이 부족하였고 일과성의 연구가 단편적으로 수행되고 있는 풍토에서 장기적인 안목의 연구투자가 뒷받침되지 못했기 때문이다. 따라서 컨테이너 생산기술 보급을 위해 참고하거나 현장에서 적용할 수 있는 기초자료가 거의 축적되어 있지 않다. 한편, 컨테이너 석재기술의 선진국인 미국, 유럽 등의 연구수준은 우리보다 앞서있으나, 그 기술을 그대로 도입하는 데는 몇 가지 문제점이 있다. 우선 4계절이 뚜렷한 우리나라의 기후조건에 적용가능성이 불투명하고, 생산되는 조경수목 또한 생리적, 생태적 차이가 있으므로 선진 연구결과에 따라 그대로 기술을 적용했을 경우, 동일한 성과를 보장 할 수 없다. 또한 저림한 조경수목의 단가에 비해 컨테이너 생산방식의 도입에 따라 과다한 생산비 증가요인이 발생될 경우, 그 생산기법이 아무리 효과적이라도 실용화 되기 어렵다. 특히, 노지재배를 주로 하고 있는 우리나라 조경생산업의 현실에서 외국의 선진 컨테이너의 무분별한 도입으로 그 실용화 가능성에 대한 검증이 이루어지지 못하게 된다면, 계속 기술 종속적인 상태로 영세성과 후진성을 면치 못하게 될 것이다. 따라서 본 고에서는 우선 컨테이너 생산방식의 실용화 가능성을 살펴보기 위하여 기존의 노지생산방식과 어떤 차이 가 있는 지 생산비를 기준으로 비교·분석하여 보았다. 분석결과, 컨테이너 생산방식은 굴취인건미가 노지생만방식의 20%에 불과하고 보조재료비와 운반비를 포함했을 경우, 50% 수준이다. 반면 컨테이너 자재 및 주기적 이식 및 관리비용은 노지생산방식에 비해 약 4배정도 소요된다. 그러나 본 연구결과에 의하면 조경수 생산비에서 노루비가 차지하는 비율이 계속 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 기존의 조경수 생산방식은 노동력을 많이 요구하는 방식으로써, 가속화되어 가는 노동력 감소 추세에 비추어 한계를 가지고 있다. 따라서 적은 노동력과 균일한 품질의 조경수생산이 가능한 컨테이너 생산방식은 이러한 우리나라 여건에 잘 부응될 수 있는 기술이 될 것으로 사료된다. This study was aimed at finding out the economic feasibility of container versus traditional landscape tree production methods. The results were as follows. The uprooting labor cost of the container production method was at less 20% than the traditional production methods. And th total cost of supporting material and shipping was reached at 50%. The total cost of container supporting materials and transplanting(shipping) was calculated 4 times as the traditional production method. But, the labor cost was on the increasing nowadays, and the traditional production methods were labor consuming in it-self. Therefore, it has th limits as the decreasing nursery labor supply market conditions. I could be concluded that the container production methods have more advantages than the traditional production methods under the financial and manpower shortage conditions of nursery industry.

Redundant Multi-Valued Logic을 이용한 4.5 Gb/s CMOS Demultiplexer 구현

김태상,김정범 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2006 정보통신논문지 Vol.10 No.-

This paper describes a high speed interface using redundant multi-valued logic for high speed communication ICs. This circuit is composed of encoding circuit that serial binary data are received and converted into parallel redundant multi-valued data to parallel binary data. Because of the multi-valued data conversion, this circuit makes it possible to achieve higher operating speeds than that of a conventional binary logic. Using this logic, a 1:4 DEMUX (Demultiplexer, serial-parallel converter) was designed using a 0.35um standard CMOS technology. Proposed DEMUX is achieved an operating speed of 4.5Gb/s with a supply voltage of 3.3V and with power consumption of 53mW. The operating speed of this circuit is limited by the maximum frequency which the 0.35um process has. Therefore, this circuit is to achieve COMS communication ICs with an operating speed greater than 10Gb/s in submicron process of high operating frequency.

식이 상태와 카페인 투여가 일회적 운동 시 흰쥐 가자미근의 제 4형 당수송체에 미치는 영향

김광찬,김종오,오명진,윤재석,서태범,윤진환,정일규 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of diet condition and caffeine ingestion prior to long distance treadmill running on the GLUT-4 protein expression in Sprague-Dawley rats' soleus muscle. Total is rats were used For subjects and assigned to six groups: Fasting control(FaC group), feeding control(FeC), asting+exercise(FaE), feeding +exercise(FeE), Fasting +caffeine+exercise(FaCE), and Feeding+caffeine+exercise(FeCE). Each animal belongs to fasting group was forced to be in fasting state at least for 14 hours, The food was provided to each rat in feeding group 12minutes prior to treadmill running and the caffeine was ingested through the stainless steel tube 60minutes prior to exercise. All rats in exercise groups were forced to perform treadmill running for B9 minutes at the speed of 18m/min, and 0%grade, immediately after exercise, all animal was anesthetized by Chlorofolm (DC Chemical, Co, Ltd) and about 10ml of blood was drawn from each animal's heart and than soleus muscle was exposed and separated from the rat's leg. we found that the GLUT-4 in feeding groups increased much significantly compared to fasting groups(p<.05). The exercise in fasting state appeared to suppress the expression of GLUT-4 protein different from the exercise in feeding state. Cafreine ingestion prior to treadmill running of 60 minutes induced the significant increase or GLUT-4 protein expression both in fasting or feeding states.