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Unbalanced Growth Model and Service Sector Modifications
김태유,최동욱 한국혁신학회 2010 한국혁신학회지 Vol.5 No.2
This paper presents two empirical methods that verify the applicability of Baumol’s (1967) unbalanced growth model to the relationship between productivity growth and structural change. The logic of the model is empirically acceptable with some modifications of service sector classifications. Heterogeneity in the service sector was considered when classification schemes were selected.
알쯔하이머병 환자의 인지기능 변화 및 예후인자: 1년 추적
김태유,김상윤,홍태용,성상민,윤성민,이은아,곽강호,인연권 대한신경과학회 2005 대한신경과학회지 Vol.23 No.1
Background: The rate of cognitive change and prognostic factor in Alzheimer's disease are important for clinical management, but little is known in Korea. We report a one year follow-up study of comprehensive evaluation including cognitive functions, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and activity of daily living (ADL). Methods: 43 patients with Alzheimer's disease were enrolled. All subjects received the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), the Severe Dementia Scale (SDS), the extended version of Korean Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) and Sum of Box (CDR-SB), the Barthel index of Activity of Daily Living (B-ADL), the Korean Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (K-IADL) and the Korean version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (K-NPI). We retested each scale after 1 year and evaluated the changes. Results: The mean change rates of K-MMSE, SDS, CDR, CDR-SB and B-ADL scores were 2.0±3.2 (-7~8) mean±SD (range), 3.5±4.9 (-7~14), -0.4±0.7 (-2~1), -0.8±4.4 (-10~9) and 1.5±3.7 (-7~9). The change of K-MMSE and B-ADLscore according to CDR were significantly different. The annual rates of changes of scores on K-MMSE, B-ADL and CDR were largest in CDR 1 group (K-MMSE: 4.0±2.7, B-ADL: 3.4±2.8, CDR: -1±0.7). The change rate of SDS was largest in CDR 4 (7.2±4.3). There were not any significant factors that affected the change of K-MMSE, SDS, B-ADL or CDR. Conclusions: These results suggest that K-MMSE is sensitive to the early stage and SDS is sensitive to the later stage. The deterioration rate of cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease is large at middle stage.
알쯔하이머병의 진행 정동에 따른 행동심리적 증상의 변화
김태유,김상윤,김재우,박경원,유봉구,이상찬 대한신경과학회 2004 대한신경과학회지 Vol.22 No.1
The evaluation of behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) is important for the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have reported the prevalence and severity of BPSD changes. However, these studies have mainly focused on the AD patients with mild to moderate severity. Our study investigated the BPSD in AD patients with more advanced stages and looked at the prevalence and severity of BPSD with the progression of disease. Methods: One hundred thirty six patients with probable AD received the Korean version of the neuropsychiatric inventory along with the expanded version of the Korean Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) and the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). Results: The mean K-MMSE, CDR and NPI scores were 10.1 (SD=7.1), 2.0 (SD=1.5) and 32.7 (SD=26.2), respectively. CDR and K-MMSE scores did not correlate with the total NPI score but did correlate with some of the subscale NPI scores. Apathy had the highest relationship to CDR (r=0.39, p<0.01). Aberrant motor was most correlated with the total score of NPI (r=0.65, p<0.01). The mean number of positive NPI items was 4.3, which ranged from 2.1 (CDR 5 group) to 5.4 (CDR 2 group). The most frequent symptom was apathy and the least was euphoria. The severity of BPSD increased as the dementia severity increased to CDR 2 except apathy. Night-time behavior and anxiety were frequent in the early stages whereas apathy and aberrant motor were frequent symptoms in later stages. Conclusions: These observations suggest that BPSD is relatively independent of cognitive functions. The prevalence and severity of BPSD with the exclusion of apathy, increased as the dementia severity increased from CDR 0.5 to CDR 2 and then declined declined except apathy.
알쯔하이머병에서 일상생활능력의 정도와 임상 양상과의 연관성
김태유,권오영,김상윤,최낙천,임병훈 대한신경과학회 2003 대한신경과학회지 Vol.21 No.4
Background: The limitation of activities of daily living (ADL) is a critical problem in dementia patients in addition to cognitive dysfunction. In spite of many previous studies about the relationship between cognitive dysfunction, ADL and the nature of functional changes, there have not been any clear explanations about the liaisons between them due to various results from the diversity of objects and methods. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between ADL and clinical features in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. M e t h o d s: One hundred thirty-four patients with Alzheimer’s disease were enrolled to participate in the study. The physical activity of daily living (P-ADL) and the Korean instrumental activity of daily living (K-IADL) were evaluated in the patients. In addition, all subjects were tested by a Korean version of the expanded clinical dementia rating scale (CDR), and a Korean version of the mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE) and a Korean version of the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI). Results: ADL was significantly correlated with cognitive functioning (r>-0.75, p<0.01). NPI was not significantly correlated with P-ADL and KIADL. The ability to use the telephone was the most highly correlated with CDR and K-MMSE (r>0.72, p<0.01). The ability to use the telephone was the most predictable item in K-IADL and bathing was the most predictable item in PADL. The deterioration of K-IADL showed rapid progression in the degree of CDR 2 and P-ADL showed rapid progression in the degree of CDR 4, respectively. Conclusions: The ADL decline induced by dementia may progress and have a close correlation with clinical manifestations of dementia including cognitive dysfunction, behavioral symptoms and psychological symptoms.
김태유,김상윤,김재우,임병훈 대한치매학회 2002 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.1 No.2
Background:There are many comprehensive neuropsychological tests to assess Alzheimer's disease in mild to moderate stage in contrast there have been few rating scales for neuropsychological evaluation of the severe Alzheimer's disease patients Methods We developed the Severe Dementia Rating Scale(SDS).that evaluates cognitive functions using 30 questions that assess orientation, memory registration, attention, memory recall, visuospatial and verbal functions, and motor function Ninety seven probable and possible AD patients received the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale(SDS)and some also received Barthel Activity of Daily Living index(B-ADL) We tested internal consistency. test-retest reliability and validity Results : The SDS significant by consisted with CDR -0.85 (p<0.01).B-ADL -0.51 (p<0.01) and K-MMSE 0.79 (p<0.01) internal consistency was -0.86 and test-retest correlation was 0.97 conclusion : The SDS can be brief and easy test for staging patients with moderate severe dementia with excellent reliability and validity.