인천지역 TDI 노출 작업자에서 직업성천식 유병율

김형렬,김철우,홍윤철,전형준,김치년,김현수,이지나,신주연,고동희,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목적 : TDI는 직업성천식을 일으키는 대표적인 물질로 알려져 있다. 과거 TDI에 노출된 작업자들의 천식 발생률을 5~6%가량 보고하였고, 국내에서도 2-20%에 이르는 유병율을 보고한바 있다. 작업환경이 많이 개선되고, 노출량이 감소된 최근에도 TDI에 의한 직업성천식에 대한 보고가 많이 이루어지고 있어, 이에 대한 적극적인 조사와 진단과정을 통해 유병율을 구하고 질병발생의 변화양상을 파악해 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 인천지역에서 특수건강진단을 수행하는 2개 기관의 TDI 노출 근로자 400여명 중, 사업장의 규모가 50인 이상이며 사업주가 연구진행을 허락한 사업장에서 근무하는 근로자 중 직접적으로 TDI에 노출되는 작업에 종사하는 근로자 170명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 이들에 대해 설문지와 산업의학의사의 면담을 통한 작업관련성 평가를 근거로 정밀대상자를 선정하고 이들에 대해 메타콜린 유발시험, TDI 유발시험 등을 수행하여 직업성천식을 확인하였다. 결과 : 설문조사 결과 11명이 직업과 관련하여 천식증상을 보이는 것으로 나타났고(6.9%), 이중 7명에서 메타콜린 유발검사 양성소견을 보였다. TDI에 의한 특이유발시험 결과 1명에서 양성반응이 나타나, 이 집단에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율은 0.58%였다. 결론 : 과거 국내연구에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율이 2~20%에 이르렀던 데 비해, 본 연구에서는 0.58%로 나타났다. 이는 국외 논문에서도 나타나는 경향으로 작업장 노출량 감소로 점차 발생률이 감소하는 양상을 보이고 있다. 그러나 이미 증상이 나타난 근로자들이 부서를 옮기거나, 직장을 그만둠으로 인해 그 유병율이 과소평가되었을 가능성도 있다고 판단된다. Objecdives: This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of isocyanate-induced occupational asthma in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposed workers. Methods: We examined 170 workers who had been directly exposed to TDI through a medical questionnaire, physical examination, and pulmonary function test. Based on screening examination, workers with suspected occupational asthma were selected for further evaluation such as methacholine and TDI challenge tests. Results: Eleven (6.9%) among 170 workers complained of symptoms of occupational asthma. and 7 among these 11 symptomatic workers showed positive responses to the methacholine challenge test (4.1 %). One spray painter was confirmed as having the TDI induced occupational asthma following a positive response to TDI challenge test. Conclusions: The prevalence of TDI-induced asthma was at 0.58% was lower than that for former studies (2-20%). Improved workplace environment, lower level of TDI exposure compared to the past, and the healthy workers effect may have contributed to this low rate of asthma prevalence in workers with TDI exposure.

인삼 선발계통의 지역적응성 검정

Bong Jae Seong,Sun Ick Kim,Ka Soon Lee,Moo Geun Jee,Su Dong Kim,A Reum Kwon,Hyun Ho Kim1,Young Chang Kim 한국약용작물학회 2017 한국약용작물학술대회 발표집 Vol.2017 No.05

Background : For cultivation of varieties of ginseng, the pure line selection method, which is to select the best among those cultivated in farms for pedigree breeding, replicated yield trials and regional adaptation trials before registering as a new variety, is widely used. Although there are 25 registered varieties of ginseng in Korea, the quality of ginseng is declining together with the amount of harvest being decreased by 15 - 20% due to the heat injuries and diseases from the warming & abnormal climate. Thus, the needs for development of disaster-resistant varieties with better chances of surviving through high temperature, salts and disease are increasing. Therefore, this study is to cultivate disaster-resistant varieties among those selected for their disaster tolerance and salt tolerance through regional adaptation trials. Methods and Results : As a result of examining the growth characteristics of the selected 2 - 5 year old varieties used in the study, among the 5-year old crops, Goryeo 4 and Eumseong 5 showed superior growth in both above and below aerial parts, and among the 4-year old crops, Eumseong 11 and Cheonryang showed superior growth while the growth in the below aerial parts were satisfactory in the order of Cheonryang > Eumseong 10 > Eumseong 11 > Eumseong 9. Among the 3-year old crops, the most superior growth in both above and below aerial parts was observed in Eumseong 14 with the weight of the below aerial part, root diameter and taproot length at 13.8 g, 11.8 ㎝ and 6.2 ㎝ respectively. Among the 2-year old crops, Eumseong 10 showed the most superior growth in both above and below aerial parts. Conclusion : Based on the above results, Goryeo 4 and Eumseong 5 among the 5-year old crops, Eumseong 11 among the 4-year old crops, Eumseong 14 among the 3-year old crops and Eumseon 10 among the 2-year old crops showed the most superior growth among the selected varieties. The growth characteristics of both above and below aerial parts in each year will continuously be monitored.

당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 Thrombin-Antithrombin Ⅲ 및 Plasmin-α_2-Plasmin Inhibitor 복합체의 임상적 의의

김경욱,김은숙,정상수,윤수지,박우일,이준희,남수연,안철우,문병수,김경래,차봉수,송영득,임승길,이현철,허갑범 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.5

연구배경:당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 섬유소용해 체계의 이상경향이 있어 그 결과로 여러 혈관합병증의 발생위험이 높다는 사실은 널리 알려져 있다. 그 기전은 아직 확실히 밝혀지지 않았으나, 고혈당으로 인한 혈장 단백질들의 비효소성 당화작용이나 산화성 스트레스로 인한 유리 라티칼 작용으로 응고항진이나 섬유소용해 활성의 저하를 유발하는 것으로 생각되고 있다. 최근 응고 및 용해인자와 그 억제자의 복합체들의 증가가 이 상태를 비교적 예민하게 반영한다고 알려져 있다. 방법:본 연구에서는 당뇨병 환자 101명과 정상 대조군 20명에서 혈장내 thrombin­antithrombin complex(TAT)와 plasmin­α₂­plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC)를 측정하여 비교하고, 당뇨병 환자에서 미세혈관 합병증과 대혈관합병증의 유무에 따른 차이와, 이미 혈관 질환의 위험인자로 알려져 있는 인자들간의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 결과:1. 환자의 분포를 살펴보면 혈관합병증이 있는 군은 85명, 혈관합병증이 없는 군은 16명이었고, 평균연령은 각각 57.9±14.1세, 49.9±16.6세로 혈관 합병증이 있는 군에서 더 나이가 많았고, 체질량지수는 23.2±3.4㎏/㎡, 24.1±3.4㎏/㎡로 두 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또 두 군간의 혈압 및 HbA1c, 공복혈당 및 인슐린과 C­peptide, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL­콜레스테롤, Lp⒜는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 미세혈관합병증이 있는 군에서 당뇨병의 유병기간이 길었다. 2. TAT 및 PIC의 농도는 정상 대조군에서는 2.8±1.2 ng/mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/mL이었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 9.5±22.6 ng/mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/mL이었다. TAT와 PIC 모두 당뇨병 환자군에서 정상 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었고(p<0.001), TAT/PIC ratio는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 3. 당뇨병 환자의 혈관합병증에 따른 TAT 및 PIC, fibrinogen 농도는 합병증이 없는 군은 각각 4.1±2.4ng/mL, 362.2±272.0ng/mL, 322.7±102.4mg/mL으로 PIC와 fibrinogen의 증가를 보였으나, 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 또 대혈관 합병증군에서는 각각 6.0±4.9 ng/mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/dL이었으며 미세·대혈관 합병증군에서는 10.4±6.4 ng/mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/dL으로 TAT의 증가를 보였으나 역시 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 4. 미세혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 PIC 농도가 유의하게 높았고(p=0.049), 대혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 총 콜레스테롤 농도가 유의하게 높았다(p=0.042). 5. 총 당뇨병 환자군에서 PIC는 fibrinogen과 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며(r=0.47, 0.31,-0.25), 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.67). 결론:이상의 결과에서 혈장 TAT 및 PIC 농도는 당뇨병 환자에서 정상 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가되어 있었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 연령의 증가와 유병기간이 혈액응고항진 및 용해의 장애에 큰 역할을 함을 알 수 있었으며, 총 당뇨병 환자군에 PIC와 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 용해의 장애가 동반되어 있다고 볼 수 있으며, 혈장 TAT 및 PIC는 혈관합병증으로의 진행을 예측하는 지표로서 유용하리라 생각된다. 또 혈당조절정도와 상관성이 있으므로 혈당조절후에 추적검사를 시행하여 합병증의 예방이 가능한지 추후 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. Background : Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolystic system is known as a predisposing factor of vascular complication in diabetes. Although the pathogenesis is not well known, non-enzymatic glycation reaction and the increase in production of free radicals due to an increased oxidative stress may be linked to the hypercoagulibility and hypofibrinolytic activity. As indices of abnormality in coagulation and firinolysis in peripheral blood, plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ complex (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) were measured. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether hypercoagulability exists in diabetic patients with or without vascular complication. Methods : In our study, we measured plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ compelx (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibit or complex (PIC) in 101 diabetic subjects and 20 controls. Comparing TAT and PIC levels in diabetic microvascular complication group, diabetic macrovascular complication group and controls, we examined correlation between risk factors associated with diabetic vascular complication. Results : 1. The group with diabetic vascular complication was older than group without complication. There was no significant difference in BMI, blood pressure, HbA_ic, blood sugar level, insulin, C-peptide, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, Lp (a) between two groups. The group with diabetic microvascular complication had longer duration of diabetes. 2. Concentration of TAT and PIC were 2.8±1.2 ng/ mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/ mL in controls and 9.5±22.6 ng/ mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/ mL in diabetic patients, respectively. TAT and PIC were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control (p<0.001). But TAT/PIC ratio was no significant difference between two groups. 3. In diabetic patients, concentration of TAT and PIC and fibrinogen were respectively 4.1±2.4 ng/ mL, 362.2±272.0 ng/ mL, 322.7±102.4 mg/ dL in group without vascular complication and 5.3±4.1 ng/ mL, 529.5±258.7 ng/ mL, 374.9±106.2 mg/ dL in group with microvascular complication, which group had increase in PIC and Fibrinogen but no significance after correction of age. Concentration of TAT and PIC and Fibrinogen were 60.±4.9 ng/ mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/ mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/ dL in macrovascular complication, and 10.4±6.7 mg/ mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/ mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/ dL in combined vascular complication which group showed increase of TAT but also had no significant increase after correction of age. 4. In diabetic microvascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.049) had significant high PIC concentration. In diabetic macrovascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.042) had significant high total cholesterol concentration. 5. In all diabetic patients, PIC was positively correlated with fibrinogen and HbA_1c and negatively correlated BMI (r=0.47, 0.31, -0.25). Only in daibetic patients without angiopathy, TAT was positively correlated with HbA_1c (r=0.67). Conclusion : In this study, plasma TAT and PIC concentration significantly increased in diabetic patients compared with controls, and PIC was increased in group with microvascular complication, TAT were increased in group with combined micro macrovascular complication. However, there was no significance relationship existed when correctinf for age. PIC was correlated with HbA_1c. TAT was correlated with HbA_1c only in the group without angiopathy. Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolysis were combined in diabetes, plasma TAT and PIC can be used as an index of vascular complication. Also we found the correlation with the degree of the blood glucose control. Therefore we need follow up study for the possibility of prevention of vascular complication after controlling the blood glucose to age-matched patients (J Kor Diaabetes Asso 25:354~363, 2001).

동충하초 급여 돈육의 물리적 및 관능적 품질특성

김일석,진상근,송영민,하경희,류현지,하지희,박기훈 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2005 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.18 No.-

90kg 전후의 3원 교잡종(LY × D) 돼지를 이용하여 처리구별로 각 10두씩 배치하여 출하전 30일간 비육후기 사료를 급여하여 시험하였고, 기본사료(C)에 누에동충하초를 0.01% 첨가한 것을 처리구(T)로 하였으며 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 일반성분(수분, 조단백, 조지방, 조회분), 가열감량, 보수성, 전단가, 콜레스테롤에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 육색의 밝기를 나타내는 L^(*)값에 있어서 육색과 지방색 모두 대조구가 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 전체 포화지방산 비율은 처리구에서 불포화지방산 비율은은 대조구에서 높은 경향을 나타내었고, 필수지방산의 함량은 처리구에서 다소 높았다(P>0.05). 대조구에 비해 처리구가 Proline을 제외한 모든 아미노산 구성 비율이 낮은 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 신선육 및 가열육에서 전반적인 기호도는 동일하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 향후 누에동충하초의 급여량과 급여방법 및 시기 등과 육질과의 상호관련성에 대해 더 많은 연구가 필요하다. This study was conducted to investigate the physical and sensory characteristics of the loin from pigs fed Peacilomyces Tenuipes. A total of 20 pigs average 90kg of live weight were assigned into 2 pens(10 pigs/pen). Pigs were fed finishig diets(C; basal feed) or finishing diets containing 0.01% Peacilomyces Tenuipes(T) from 30 days to market weight. The results obtained were as follows; In proximate analysis, there were no significantly difference among the samples of C and T in moisture, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash. Also, cooking loss, water holding capacity, shear force and cholesterol were not different(P>0.05). L^(*) value of meat and fat color in C were higher(P<0.05) than that of T. In fatty acids, saturated fatty acid and essential fatty acids of pork loin from T was higher than that of C, while, unsaturated fatty acid of pork loin from C was slightly higher(P>0.05) than that of T. Amino acid compositions of T was lower(P<0.05) than that of C, except proline. The sensory score of fresh and cooked meat showed similarity. Further studied are needs on the relation between physico-chemical properties and feeding dietary Peacilomyces Tenuipes

쑥, 진피, 두충이 고지혈증 흰쥐의 체내 지질대사에 미치는 영향

김지현,왕수경 대전대학교 이과대학 기초과학연구소 1997 自然科學 Vol.- No.-

본 연구는 생후 4주된 Sprague-Dawley rats을 1% cholesterol, 30% lard를 첨가조제한 고지방 식이로 3주간 사육하여 고지혈증을 유발시킨 후 쑥, 두충, 진피를 섬유질원으로 하여 식이중 총 식이섬유 함량이 10%가 되도록 조제한 식이로 흰쥐를 6주간 사육했을 때의 체내 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 cellulose군과 비교 관찰하였다. 그 결과 실험 동물의 총 식이섭취량에 있어서 cellulose군, 진피군이 쑥군, 두충군보다 유의적으로 높았고, cellulose군과 진피군 비교에서는 대조군인 cellulose군이 높았다. 체중 증가량은 cellulose군이 나머지 세 군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 지방 흡수율은 두충군이 LDL-콜레스테롤은 쑥, 두충, 진피군이 cellulose군에 비해 비해 유의적으로 낮았고, 특히 두충군이 가장 낮았다. 중성지방은 cellulose군에 비해 세군이 유의적의로 낮았고, HDL-C/TC에 있어서는 cellulose군에 비해 나머지 세 군이 유의적으로 높았다. 두충, 쑥, 진피군 중에서는 두충군이 가장 높은 경향을 보였다. 혈당에 있어서는 통계적 유의차는 없었지만 쑥, 진피군이 다소 낮은 경향을 보였고, cellulose군이 가장 높았다. 간의 총지질과 총콜레스테롤 함량은 cellulose군이 다른 세 군에 비해 유의적의로 높았고, 중성 지방에 있어서는 cellulose군이 유의적으로 낮았다. 변의 총지질과 총콜레스테롤 농도는 두충, 쑥군이 celluloserns, 진피군에 비해 유의적의로 높았고, 진피군도 cellulose군에 비해 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. 중성지방은 진피군에 비해서 대른 세 군이 유의적으로 높았고 수분을 포함한 변중량, 건중량에 있어서는 cellulose군에 비해 쑥, 진피군이 유의적의로 높았으며 두충군도 cellulose군에 비해 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. 수분함유량은 진피군이 유의적으로 높았고, 두충군, 쑥군이 cellulose군에 비해 높았다. 이상의 연구 결과 진피는 혈중 총지질, 총콜레스테롤 수준 저하, 그리고 배변에 효과적이고 두충은 혈중의 HDL-콜레스테롤 증가, 총콜레스테롤 감소에 효과적의로 나타나 진피, 두충이 우수한 지질 대사 개선 효과를 나타내는 것으로 보인다. 이러한 결과로 보아 cellulose와 같은 불용성 식이섬유보다 수용성과 불용성 식이섬유를 동시에 함유하고 있는 식품 자체가 고지혈증·동맥경화의 예방이나 치료에 효과가 있을 것으로 기대된다. This study was performed to investigate the influence of dietary foods from three Chinese medicinal herbs(Mugwort, Dried orange peel and Duchung) on lipid metabolism in rats. Male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into four dietary groups(Cellulose(CL), Mugwort(MW), Dried orange peel(OP), Duchung(DC)) after three weeks of hyperlipideniic dieting and were fed ad libiturn each of the experimental diets for six weeks. The fiber sources of the experimental diets were prepared by drying and milling mugwort, orange peel, duchung and cellulose. Each of the fiber sources was mixed into the diet to achieve 10 8% levels of total dietary fiber. Levels of apparent fat absorption exhibited a significant decrease in the MW and DC groups. The OP group also showed a decreasing trend, but to a lesser extent. The levels of serum total lipid were not significantly different among the four experimental groups. Total serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the OP group than in both the CL and MW groups. Serum TC; and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the CL group than other groups. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the CL group than in the other groups. Total lipid and total cholesterol in liver were significantly higher in the Cl, group than in other groups and TG in liver was significantly lo\w in the CL group than in the other groups. Total lipid and total cholesterol in feces displayed a significant increase in the MW and DC groups when compared with the CI, group. The OP group also showed an increase compared to the CL group. (Korean J Nutrition 30(8) : 895~903, 1997)

프로그램 분위기와 프로그램 관여도에 따른 PPL효과 연구

김정현,이명천,김지은 한국방송광고공사 2008 광고연구 Vol.0 No.78

This study is designed to investigate PPL effects by program mood and program involvement.An experiment was performed to test 4 hypotheses about the main effect of program mood on PPL and interaction effect of program mood and program involvement. 288 subjects were conveniently sampled and randomly assigned to experimental groups. This study adopted 2×2 factorial design by the program mood(positive vs negative) and program involvement(high vs low). The findings were as follows: Firstly, the main effect of program mood was supported. That is, the recall of PPL brand was significantly high when the program mood was negative. And the attitude toward PPL brand was significantly positive when it placed in positive program mood than in negative program mood. Secondly, program involvement and program mood caused interaction effect only to the recall of PPL brand. That is, the brand recall increased when the program mood was negative and the program involvement was low. However, program involvement and program mood did not cause interaction effect to the attitude of PPL brand. 급격한 매체 환경 변화로 촉발된 광고 환경의 변화로 인해 광고효과에 대한 의문이 제기되면서, 광고주 및 실무자들은 전통적인 광고의 약점을 극복하고 설득효과를 제고시킬 수 있는 새로운 방법을 모색하게 되었다. 이에 영화나 드라마 속에 제품을 제시하는 대표적 혼합 메시지라 할 수 있는 PPL(product placement)은 이러한 욕구를 충족시켜 주는 새로운 마케팅 수단으로 활용되고 있다. 본 연구는 국내외적으로 PPL의 활용빈도가 점증하고 있는 현실에 비해 PPL효과를 다룬 실증 연구들이 충분히 축적되어 있지 못한 국내 연구 현실을 고려하여 프로그램 분위기와 프로그램 관여도에 따른 PPL효과를 실험연구를 통해 알아보았다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 PPL효과(브랜드 회상과 브랜드태도)를 종속변인으로, 프로그램 분위기(긍정적/부정적)와 프로그램 관여도(고/저)를 독립변인으로 하는 2×2 요인설계방안을 채택하고 대학생을 대상으로 실험을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 긍정적 분위기보다 부정적 분위기의 프로그램에서 제시된 PPL의 브랜드 회상이 높게 나타났고, 부정적 분위기보다 긍정적 분위기의 프로그램에서 제시된 PPL의 브랜드태도가 높게 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 토대로 프로그램 분위기가 PPL에 미치는 효과는 검증되었다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 프로그램 분위기와 프로그램 관여도가 PPL에 대해 상호작용효과를 유발하는가를 검증해본 결과, 브랜드 회상의 경우만 유의하게 나타나 부분적으로만 검증되었다고 할 수 있다.

미혼 여성근로자의 건강행태와 자각적 건강상태와의 관련요인 분석

김현지,한성현,이태용,김정선 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

This study was peroformed to identify health behaviors and health problems, and the relations between health behaviors and health problems of unmarried female workers. The Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaire(CMI) was used to measure their health problems. Survey was conducted with 973 unmarried female workers from October 2001 to March 2002. The main reason of health problems is the stress commonly in both white color workers and blue color workers. Among white color workers, smoking and stress is significantly related with respiratory system, musculoskelectal system. Stress is significantly related with digestive system, neurological system. Drinking and stress is significantly related with fatigability(p<0.05). Among blue color workers, smoking, drinking, strees is significantly related with respiratory system. Stress, smoking, eating habit is significantly related with digestive system. Stress, smoking, eating habit, hours of sleep is significantly related with musculoskeletal system. Stress, smoking is significantly related with fatigability(p<0.05).

Propofol 정맥 주사 시 Metoclopramide의 통증 완화 효과

김수진,박은지,안승원,김웅,김미운,임현술 대한마취과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.43 No.5

Background: Propofol is a good induction agent. but it has a disadvantage of pain on intravenous injection. Pretreatment of metoclopramide or lidocaine have been reported to reduce pain on injection. thus, we have evaluated the quantity and quality of anagesic effect of metoclopramide and lidocaine. We observed differences in quality of pain according to venous cannula sizes and intravenous injection sites as well as nausea and vomiting in the postoperative state. Methods: Eighty patients scheduled for an elective operation by general anesthesia were chosen according to ASA (Ⅰ or Ⅱ) and divided into four groups randomly. Each group was injected through venous cannulas with normal saline (control group), metoclopramide 5 mg (group 1), netoclopramide 10 mg (group 2), or 2% lidocaine 40 mg (group 3) respectively. Then, propofol was injected of a 2 mg/kg dose with 0.5 ml/sex to all groups and we asked questions about injection pain after 10 seconds. Results: Pain relief was shown in all groups compared with the control. but metoclopramide 10 mg and lidocaine 40 mg pretreatment groups showed significant pain reief. Pain was relieved significantly when the drug was injected in the antecubital area. Postoperative nausea and vomiting were not observed. Conclusions: Metoclopramide 10 mg or lidocaine 40 mg pretreatment to induction by propofol revealed a good analgesic effect for propofol injection pain. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2002; 43: 558~565)

ZnO 박막 센서의 DMA 가스 검지 특성

김성우,최우창,류지열,박성현,최혁환,이명교,권태하 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

The DMA(Dimethylamine) gas sensors were fabricated with the ZnO-based thin films grown by a RF magnetron sputtering method. We investigated the sensitivity and response time according to temperature variation and DMA gas concentration. The ZnO-based thin film sensors sputtered in oxygen atmosphere showed higher sensitivity than those sputtered in argon atmosphere. The ZnO-based thin film sensors doped with Al_(2)O_(3), In_(2)O_(3) and V_(2)O_(5) and sputtered in oxygen atmosphere showed the maximum sensitivity of 218(working temperature, 250 ℃, DMA gas, 160 ppm) and speedy response time. The ZnO-based thin film sensors doped with Al_(2)O_(3), In_(2)O_(3), TiO_(2) and V_(2)O_(5), sputtered in oxygen atmosphere and aged at 330 ℃ showed the maximum sensitivity of 156(working temperature, 250 ℃, DMA gas, 160 ppm).

정신분열병 환자의 삶의 질과 정신사회적 특성과의 관계

김경진,설지환,백영석,김재현 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.5

Objectives : This study was to identify the relationship between quality of life and psychosocial characteristics in patients with schizophrenia. Methods : The subjects were eighty nine patients with schizophrenia according to DSM-IV. The Korean Quality of Life Scale (K-QLS) and the Korean modified Scale to measure Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptic treatment (KmSWN) were used to assess quality of life. The psychopathology of each patient was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SAUMD) was used for differentiating presence and absence of insight. The Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), the Scale of Social Support (SSS), and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES) were used for assessing psychosocial characteristics. The correlation between the scores of each quality of life scale and other scales was examined, and multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the contribution of the scores of each quality of life scale to other scales. Results : The K-QLS score was significantly related to the scores of the PANSS, the SAUMD, the social conflict domain of the SSS, and the SOFAS. The KmSWN score was significantly related to the scores of the PANSS, the SOFAS, the social conflict domain of the SSS, and the FACES. In multiple regression analysis, the scores on the PANSS (32.9%), the SAUMD (5.8%), and the FACES (4.0%) were contributed to the score on the K-QLS, and the scores on the social conflict domain oftheSSS (17.3%) and the FACES (12.9%) were contributed to the score on the KmSWN. Conclusion : The relation between the K-QLS score and the scores of other scales means that the objective quality of life increases according to decreased the severity of symptom, the high level of insight and the socio-occupational function. And the relation between the KmSWN score and the scores of other scales means that the subjective quality of life increases according to the perceptions to the high level of social support, the low level of social conflict, and the high level of family adaptability and cohesion. The objective quality of life assessed by the K-QLS is affected primarily by the severity of symptoms, and the subjective quality of life assessed by the KmSWN is affected by the subjective perceptions of social conflict, family adaptation and cohesion. These findings suggest that the treatment of symptoms is important in the treatment of schizophrenic patients, but that it is also important to approach to the psychosocial characteristics to increase subjectivesatisfaction from the quality of life in them