김정한의 〈인가지〉를 둘러싼 친일 담론 연구

정봉석(Jeong Bong seok) 동남어문학회 2016 동남어문논집 Vol.1 No.42

1943년 9월 『 춘추』에 발표된 이후 사장되었던 김정한의 희곡 〈인가지〉는 1966년 임종국의 『친일문학론』에서 처음으로 거명되고, 1989년 양승국이 엮은 『한국근대희곡작품자료집』에서 텍스트의 전문이 영인본으로 공개된다. 하지만 〈인가지〉의 친일극적 성격이 본격적으로 문단과 학계에서 공론화되어진 것은 2002년 박태일의 논문 「김정한 희곡 〈인가지〉 연구」가 발표되면서부터이다. 이 글은 〈인가지〉를 둘러싸고 전개된 친일극 논쟁을 분석하기 위하여 작품이 학계에 소환되어진 일련의 과정을 우선적으로 정리하였다. 본론에서는 〈인가지〉를 둘러싼 김정한의 부일 행적을 이른바 ‘절필 담론’과 ‘피신 담론’을 중심으로 밝히고자 하였다. 김정한은 조선어 교육이 금지되던 1940년부터 1966년 〈모래톱 이야기〉를 발표할 때까지 절필하였음을 밝혀왔다. 하지만 자전기록들과는 달리 1943년에 친일극 〈인가지〉를 발표하였고 광복기에는 좌익 계열의 소설들을 발표하였던 사실들을 비추어볼 때 그의 절필 담론이 허구였음을 확인하였다. 그리고 일제 말기에 식민지 지배기관이었던 ‘경남면포조합’에서 근무하였던 사실에서 〈인가지〉의 창작이 일제에 협력하였던 시기의 한 증좌임도 확인하였다. 피신 담론에서는 김정한이 해방 직전에 ‘불령선인’으로 지목되어 피신하였던 행적을 밝히고 있는데, 이 또한 쉽게 납득하기 어려운 지점이 있으며, 그진술의 일관성과 신빙성에도 의문이 제기되었다. 그리고 광복을 맞이하는 심경을 표현하는 대목에서도 모순적인 태도가 발견되었다. 이에 대한 분석을 통해 그동안 형성된 민족주의적 저항 이미지와 우국지사의 이미지가 사실은 김정한이 스스로를 분식한 결과였음을 밝힘과 동시에, 일제 말에는 친일로, 광복기에는 좌익으로, 정부수립 후에는 보도연맹으로 세 번의 전향을 경험하게된 경로를 확인할 수 있었다. 〈인가지〉는 김정한이 윤색하고자 하였던 일제 부역 행적의 정점에 놓여있는 상징적 표상이다. 한동안 〈인가지〉의 텍스트 독법과 해석 문제를 둘러싼 찬반 논의가 이루어졌으나 최근 발전적으로 계승되지 못하는 실정이다. 2부에서는 그 해석에 따른 쟁점들을 텍스트 분석을 통하여 비판적으로 조명하고자 한다. In September 1943, 〈Ingaji(Neighbor Story)〉 which was written by Kim, Jeong-han died out after being published in 〈Chunchu〉. In 1966, 〈Ingaji〉 was mentioned firstly in Im, Jong-Gook’s Pro-Japanese Literary Theory, and its full text was recovered through Korean Modern Drama Sourcebook edited by Yang, Seung-Gook in 1989. However, 〈Ingaji〉’s pro-Japanese play characteristics became an official issue in the literary and academic world in Park, Tae-Il’s thesis, Study in pro-Japanese play “인가지” written by Kim, Jeong-han in 2002. This writing preferentially arranged a series of process of 〈Ingaji〉 being recalled to the academic world to analyze the arguments of pro-Japanese play surrounding 〈Ingaji〉. This thesis tried to explain Kim’s trace of Japanophilism (pro-Japanese collaborationism) in 〈Ingaji〉 with two discourses: 1) giving up writing and 2) hiding from arrest. Kim, Jeong-han announced that he gave up writing from 1940 to 1966, from the time when teaching Korean was banned by Japan and to the time when he wrote 〈Moraetop(shoal) Story〉. However, his discourse of giving up writing was a false claim according to the fact that he published pro-Japanese play, 〈Ingaji〉 in 1943, and he also published left-leaning novels in contrast to his autobiographical records. Furthermore, he worked at ‘Kyoengnam Textile Union’ which was an institution of colonial exploitation in the late Japanese colonial period and it means that his creation of 〈Ingaji〉 is evidence which shows that he collaborated to Japan consistently. At the same time, Kim wrote about his trace of escaping from arrest. He explained that he was pointed out as 不逞鮮人(ふていせんじん, Huteisenjin)from Japan right before the independence of Korea which made hide from Japan. It has some less convincing explanations, however, and questions are being asked regarding the consistency and reliability. Also, his self-contradicting attitudes were found in the passage that he expresses his feelings when Korea became independent. Through the analysis, this thesis could reveal that his images of nationalistic defiance and patriotism were made-up by himself. In addition, it turned out that Kim had turned three times into the pro-Japanese collaboration in the late Japanese colonial period, the left-wing in the liberation period, and the Bodo-League after establishment of the government. Thus 〈Ingaji〉 is a symbolic representation which is at the peak of pro-Japanese behavior that Kim tried to embellish. 〈Ingaji〉’s pros and cons about the way of reading and interpretation have been debated for a while, but it couldn’t be developed and continued effectively in recent years. In part II, this thesis attempts to demonstrate issues depending on interpretations critically through the analyzing the texts.

1930년대 전반기 프로연극의 대중화운동 연구

정봉석 동아대학교 1992 국어국문학 Vol.11 No.-

독성물질의 세포사 기전 및 세포사 유발물질의 검색법 개발에 관한 연구(Ⅰ) : 독성물질로 인한 파킨슨병 모델에서의 세포사 기전 연구 Study on the cell-death mechanisms of toxin-induced parkinsonism

강태석,김종민,서경원,김영옥,김준규,오재호,이윤동,김규봉,오정자,송연정,임종준,전범석,문전옥,최광식 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

MPTP 독성물질이 도파민성 신경세포에 선택적으로 작용하여 산화성 손상에 의한 신경세포사를 일으키는 것을 이용하여 파킨슨병의 동물모델을 만들고, 이를 통해서 아폼토시스를 비롯한 포사의 기전에 대한 연구 및 너코틴의 신경세포 보호효과 여부를 판정하는 실험을 병행하고자 하였다. 파킨슨꾐의 동물모델을 MPTf 독성 물질을 이용하여 확립하였으며, MPTP(30mgag, i.p.)를 투여한 후 1, 2,3, 4, 5일째 흑질 조직을 채춰하여 tarm로 박걸하여 tyrosine hydroxylase 면역조직화학염색을 수행하여 cell countif우한 결과, control은 57.635ce11s, 1일째 친.OfDells,2일째 57.9±6cells,3일릴 없.3±죠ells, 4일째 49.0츠3cells, 5일째 39.4±Scells료 4, 3일째 뚜렷한 신경세포 수의 감소를 보였다. 신경세포사 기전 규명을 위한 아폼토시스 분걱에서는 벼PTP 투여 후 1, 2, 3, 4, 5일째 조직을 채취하여 Hoechst staining, TUNEL staining을 수곡하였는데 양성 반응을 보인 신경세포는 관찰되지 않아. 아폼토시스로 인한 세포사가 관찰되지 않았다. bIPTP 파킨슨병 동물모델에서 nicotine 보호효과 탐색에 관한 실험은 nicat푸e 0.2mgAg을 5일 퐁안 투여 후 리『fP(30mgag)를 CS7Bt/6 마은스에 복강 내주사로 nicotine과 병용 투여한 후 1, 2, 3, 4, 5일째 뇌를 적출하땄다. 신경세포사가 뚜렷이 관찰되기 시작하는 4, 5일째의 신경세포 수의 감소 정도를 20. 30% 정도 약화시키는 경향을 보였으나, nicotine 보호효과에 대한 추가 실헝이 현재 수행 중에 있다. The cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) is largely unknown. However, free radical toxicit? may plaf a role ip. the degeneration of substantia nigra, which is the Hajorfocus of pathological damages in PD. Recently, a neuroprotective effect of nicotine in PD has been suggested. Therefore, the mechanism of neurodegenerafion and protective potential o( nicotine in PD were investigated in the experimental modeB of Pll using a neurotoxin, C57BL/6mice were administered with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 30 mg/kg,j.p.). The degree of neurodegenerafion was determined by immunohistochemical stainiHB oftyrosine hydroxylase (TH). TH-positive cells on nigral sections were found 56.0 ±4, 57.9 ±6,52.315ce11s, 49.0±3cells, and 39,4±Scells at days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, respectively (controls : 57.6±Scells). Hoechst and TUNEL staining showed no evidence of apoptosis. The exandnation on themice co-adrunistered with nicotine(0.2mgAg) and MPTP(30mgag) revealed a tendency ofnicotine protective effects. At days 4 and 5, the degree of TH-positive cells was decreased by20-30%, In corclusiffn, the role of apoptosis was not evidenced in this MPTP modeB of PB.The possible proteccon by nicotine should be elucidated with further studies.

매설물 위치탐지를 위한 자기장 해석

배봉국,김정표,석창성 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 2002 論文集 Vol.53 No.2

It is important to get an accurate information of underground facilities to manage that, so some methods of detecting location are used to obtain the information of underground facilities. In this study, a magnetic method to detect underground facilities was developed. Using the magnetic method, underground facilities can be detected by a detector and the magnetic marker which is a permanent magnet and used to marking the location by attaching underground facilities. A proper characteristic of the magnetic marker was optimized by maxwell 2D magnetic field analysis tool, a test field was constructed with the magnetic marker, PVC pipe, and steel pipe under ground 1.5m, and the detector was made by modifying a common ferromagnetic detector. Magnetic strengths of the magnetic marker were measured by the detector at each location in the rest field, and analyzed by magnetic field analysis tool in the same condition. In the result, the 1.5m underground pipes were qualitatively detectable. The steel pipe was more detectable by ferro-magnetism. The developed magnetic method can be applied to maintain and manage underground facilities.

부산의 한 대학병원에서 분리된 Acinetobacter baumannii의 PER-1 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase 생성 현황

김정만,강현경,정석훈,배일권,권수봉,조병규,김둘만,김현주,김아성 대한임상미샐물학회 2004 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.7 No.1

운동형태의 차이가 Alloxan유발 당뇨쥐의 혈당 및 인슐린 농도에 미치는 영향

윤진환,정일규,김종오,이희혁,지용석,오봉석,채정룡 대한스포츠의학회 2003 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.21 No.1

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise intensity on blood glucose and insulin levels in diabetic rats with alloxan. Twenty sprague-dawley male rats were assigned to power training groups(n=10) and endurance training groups(n=10). Diabetes was induced by single injection of alloxan(50 mg/kg B.W) Blood glucose and insulin were determined every week for 4-weeks. The conclusion of this study follows as below: 1) There was significantly different on blood glucose levels in two groups. 2) There was significantly different on insulin levels in two groups These results suggest that proper exercise intensity in diabetic rats can significantly decrease blood glucose and insulin level and make good glycemic control. In conclusion, it has been found that regular prolonged endurance training with diabetic rats, improves insulin and blood glucose.

마우스 대장암 모델 구축 및 항암제 활성 평가를 위한 예비 연구

김예솔,강봉석,이상은,이은주,이경록,정상헌,박정숙 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2014 藥學論文集 Vol.29 No.-

Abstract – Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are early imorphological changes observed in rodents after administration of colon-specific carcinogen such as azoxymethane (AOM). ACF are considered to be putative preneoplastic lesions and are widely used as a surrogate biomarker to rapidly evaluate chemopreventive potential of compounds. The size of colorectal cancer was evaluated after administration of three anticancer drugs, 1 parent drug and 2 prodrugs. The body weights of mice were measured daily and considered as a surrogate for evaluation of general wellbeing. Colons were removed, cut along the longitudinal axis and flushed with phosphate-buffered saline. Each colon was cut into three equal lengths and fixed flat between filter papers. The fixed colon sections were stained with methylene blue. The number of ACF per colon, the number of aberrant crypts observed in each focus and the location of each focus were recorded. After single administration of AOM and multiple doses of anticancer drugs, no significant changes in the body weights of the mice was observed which was recorded for 52 days. However, an expected ACF was not observed in any treated groups. These findings suggest the induction of ACF in mice requires the promotion by dextran sulfate sodium as well as the initiation by AOM.

흰쥐에서 말초신경 손상후 뒤뿌리신경절세포의 신경영양인자와 그 수용체의 발현 양상

백선용,양만석,문총석,김봉선,김재봉,김진정 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.2

국내에서 분리된 Esherichia Coli 와 Klebsiella pneumoniae의 CTX-M형 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase 생성 현황

배일권,우건조,정석훈,박광옥,조병규,김둘만,권수봉,김현주,강현경 대한임상미샐물학회 2004 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.7 No.1

구강점막 부착용 케토프로펜 고분자 필름의 제조 및 평가

박진석,이상은,강봉석,이경록,이은주,박정숙 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2014 藥學論文集 Vol.29 No.-

Abstract – The objective of this study was to prepare ketoprofen-loaded buccal adhesive patch. The adhesive patch was formulated by casting method using aqueous soluble polymer povidone K17 (PVP 17PF) as film-forming agent and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) as adhesive agent. To compare the effect of HPMC type, different molecular weight of K4M and K15M HPMC was used. The physicochemical properties of patches such as appearance, thickness, in vitro release, and adhesiveness were investigated. The concentration of ketoprofen was determined spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 233 nm. The appearance of prepared patches was semi-transparent, light-yellow or almost colorless, and odorless. Thickness of each patches (n=6) was 0.895 ± 0.033 mm for K4M patch and 0.727 ± 0.036 mm for K15M patch. In vitro release test, both K4M and K15M patches showed over 20% release within 30 min. At 120 min, K4M and K15M patches demonstrated 95% and 67.5% release of ketoprofen, respectively, and up to 240 min, both patches released drug completely. Maximum adhesive force of K4M and K15M patches was 6.571 ± 2.703 gf and 2.735 ± 1.151 gf, respectively. Moreover, it took 28.29 ± 0.38 sec and 28.30 ± 0.34 sec for K4M and K15M patch to peel off them after adhesion, showing no significant difference. In conclusion, thickness, in vitro release, and maximum adhesive force could be modulated by alteration of polymer types.