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Atomic Layer Deposition으로 증착된 Al-doped ZnO Film의 전기적, 구조적 및 광학적 특성 분석
임정수,정광석,신홍식,윤호진,양승동,김유미,이희덕,이가원,Lim, Jung-Soo,Jeong, Kwang-Seok,Shin, Hong-Sik,Yun, Ho-Jin,Yang, Seung-Dong,Kim, Yu-Mi,Lee, Hi-Deok,Lee, Ga-Won 한국전기전자재료학회 2011 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.24 No.6
Al-doped ZnO film on glass substrate is deposited by ALD in low temperature, using 4-step process (DEZ-$H_2O$-TMA-$H_2O$). To find out the optimal film condition for TCO material, we fabricate Al-doped ZnO films by increasing Al doping concentration at $100^{\circ}C$, so that the Al-doped film of 5 at% shows the lowest resistivity ($1.057{\times}10^{-2}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$) and the largest grain size (38.047 nm). Afterwards, the electrical and physical characteristics in Al-doped films of 5 at% are also compared in accordance with increasing deposition temperature. All the films show the optical transmittance over 80% and the film deposited at $250^{\circ}C$ demonstrates the superior resistivity ($1.237{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$).
Vitek 2 Compact System을 이용한 Bacillus licheniformis의 동정 및 NH<sub>3</sub> 저감효과
임정수,한덕우,이상룡,황옥화,곽정훈,조성백,Lim, Joung-Soo,Han, Deug-Woo,Lee, Sang-Ryong,Hwang, Ok-Hwa,Kwag, Jung-Hoon,Cho, Sung-Back 한국축산환경학회 2015 한국축산시설환경학회지 Vol.21 No.3
An attempt to produce more pigs in limited spaces inevitably generalized concentrated feeding operation (CFO). As concentrated pig production practice expanded, concerns on environmental issues grow concurrently. Since odor is the concerned most among those, we attempted to develop means to tackle odor emission from livestock operations. Previously, we excavated few microorganisms from pig manure and, one of them, Bacillus licheniformis was particularly useful to handle odor problem. In this study, we conducted our investigation to further characterize Bacillus licheniformis. Strain identification was conducted using Vitek 2 compact, and the optimal temperature and pH conditions to growth B. licheniformis were searched for by analyzing turbidity on O.D 600 nm. Results of this study can be summarized as these, (1) it was re-verified that the bacterial strain that purified from pig manure was, in fact, Bacillus licheniformis, (2) the bacterial growth was highest when the temperature was kept at $30^{\circ}C$, also (3) growth rate was dependent on media pH as it was high at neutral (6, 7 and 8) but dropped when it was diverged from neutral (4, 5, 9 and 10), and (4) regarding ammonia removal efficiency, B. licheniformis recorded 64% effectiveness after 48 h incubation and reached its highest (80%) at 72 h.
수용성 탄수화물을 이용한 분뇨슬러리 pH 적정화 및 암모니아 휘산의 저감
임정수(Joung Soo Lim,),황옥화(Ok Hwa Hwang),이상룡(Sang Ryong Lee),조성백(Sung Back Cho),곽정훈(Jung Hoon Kwag),이동현(Dong Hyun Lee),정민웅(Min Woong Jung),한덕우(Deug Woo Han) 유기성자원학회 2017 유기물자원화 Vol.25 No.1
우리나라 양돈 농장 내 돈사의 대부분은 고밀도 사육에 적합한 피트형 구조를 가지고 있다. 피트형 돈사는 돼지의 배설물이 바닥의 공간에 장기간 저장되는 구조로서 기존의 돈사에 비해 분뇨 처리를 위한 노동비용이 크게 절감되는 장점이 있다. 그러나 피트에 저장된 분뇨슬러리는 암모니아를 비롯하여 다양한 냄새물질을 지속적으로 배출하여 돼지와 근로자의 건강을 위협하게 된다. 축산업의 역사가 오래된 축산 선진국에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 슬러리 첨가제, 스크러버, 바이오필터 등을 개발하였으며 우리나라 역시, 점차 고밀도 사육 방식이 확산됨에 따라 냄새저감 수단에 대한 수요가 빠르게 증가하고 있다. 특히 최근에는 돈사 피트에 직접 투여하는 미생물제의 보급이 빠르게 확대되고 있다. 미생물제는 구매 비용이 높다는 단점에도 불구하고 운반, 저장, 사용이 편리하고 상대적으로 유지비가 저렴하여 소규모 양돈 농가에서 많이 선택되고 있다. 이러한 미생물제와 비교하여 유사한 효과를 발휘하면서도 비용이 훨씬 저렴한 냄새저감 수단으로서 수용성 탄수화물이 있다. 수용성탄수화물이란 설탕, 포도당, 당밀과 같이 분자량이 적은 단당류 또는 이당류 등을 포함하며 분뇨슬러리에 용해된 이후 빠르게 미생물에 의해 이용될 수 있는 탄소화합물을 의미한다. 분뇨 내 미생물은 투여된 수용성 탄수화물을 분해하여 이산화탄소 및 각종 유기산을 생산함으로 슬러리를 산화시키는 효과를 발휘한다. 산화된 슬러리 내에서 비이온성인 암모니아는 이온성인 암모늄 이온으로 전환되어 휘발성을 잃게 된다. 본 연구에서 대표적인 수용성 탄수화물인 설탕을 돈분뇨 슬러리(120kg)에 0.1%(w/w) 투여함으로서 슬러리의 pH를 8.2 수준으로 유지하였고 암모니아의 휘발은 10일 평균 33% 저감하는 효과를 얻었다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 결과를 돈사 현장에서 활용한다면 미생물제에 비해 보다 저렴한 비용으로 피트 슬러리의 암모니아 휘발을 저감할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. In Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations(CAFOs), emission of ammonia from stored manure contributes negatively on the wellness of livestock. In CAFOs facilities, indoor aerial ammonia concentration oftentime surpasses the critical level potentially harmful to livestock s immune system. Understandably, numerous researches to control aerial ammonia have been conducted in countries where CAFOs were practiced for many decades. Some innovative technologies, such as scrubber, bio-filter, and additives emerged, as a result. Among them, microbial additives became popular in Korea, due to an easiness of use and affordability. However, microbial additives still have some weaknesses. Their price is still high enough to discourage farmers who run a small scale farm and their effectiveness are still questioned by many users and researchers. In the present study, we found soluble carbohydrates, such as sugar, glucose, and molasses, when supplemented to pig slurry manure, can mitigate ammonia emission. To be more specific, pig manure slurry(120kg), stored in container(200L), was supplemented with sugar at 0.1%(w/w) and was, subsequently, monitored for pH and aerial ammonia for next 10 days. From this experiment, it was found that the sugar supplementation was effective in mitigating the aerial ammonia concentration (33% in average) when monitored daily. Also, the pH of manure slurry was maintained at relatively low level(8.2) in sugar-supplemented manure slurry while it was elevated to 8.5 in untreated slurry. Conclusively, the obtained data suggest that soluble carbohydrate can mitigate ammonia emission by acidifying manure slurry. Additionally, it can be suggested that soluble carbohydrates, such as sugar, glucose, and molasses, can be reasonable choices for animal farmers who have been looking for an alternative choice to replace expensive microbial additives.
인천 지역에 거주하는 고령인구에서의 건성안 유병률 및 위험인자
정훈석,임정수,오대규,지미정,백혜정,신경환,김균형,Hoon Seok Jeong,Jung Soo Lim,Dae Kyu Oh,Mi Jung Chi,Hye Jung Paik,Kyung Hwan Shyn,Kyun Hyung Kim 대한안과학회 2011 대한안과학회지 Vol.52 No.10
Purpose: To investigate the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and risk factors of dry eye syndrome (DES) among people over 50 years old in the Incheon area. Methods: A cross-sectional prevalence study was performed on 462 people over 50 years old in Dong-gu, Incheon. DES was defined as the constant or frequent presence of symptoms of both dryness and irritation. Symptoms and past medical history were assessed by a survey. Eye examination included slit lamp examination, Schirmer test, and tear break-up time (T-BUT). Age, sex, living habits, systemic and eye diseases were also analyzed to determine the risk factors of DES. Results: The prevalence of DES was 26.2%. The major symptoms were as follows in descending order: dryness (77.9%), tearing (75.2%), and sandiness (72.7%). An average of 12.1 ± 6.0 mm in the Schirmer test and 6.7 ± 2.4 seconds in the T-BUT were significantly different in the DES group from the normal group (<em>p</em> < 0.001). Variables such as age, sex, living habits, and eye diseases were not related to the diagnosis of DES, whereas diabetes was the only risk factor of DES with statistical significance (<em>p</em> = 0.03). Conclusions: In the present study, the prevalence of DES among people over 50 years old in the Incheon area was 26.2%. Schirmer test and T-BUT were considered to be helpful tools for the diagnosis of DES, and diabetes was a significant risk factor of DES. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011;52(10):1135-1141
나백주,박경수,임정수,선병환,남해성,손석준,Na, Baek-Ju,Park, Kyung-Soo,Lim, Jung-Su,Sun, Byeong-Hwan,Nam, He-Sung,Sohn, Seok-Joon 한국농촌의학지역보건학회 1998 농촌의학·지역보건 Vol.23 No.2
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in Korea. Their risk factors can be classified as either modifiable or nonmodifiable and among modifiable factors are high bood pressure, elevated blood cholesterol, obesity and cigarette smoking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for the cardiovascular diseases in a rural community and to get basic data for the development of a community-based rick reduction intervention program. Evaluation involved population-based, cross-sectional samples of adult residents in a rurual community. We measured blood pressure, body fat percent by bioelectric impedance fatness analyzer and serum cholesterol and interviewed adult residents over 20-year-old age. Blood pressure was checked twice and hypertension was classified by the sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Detection. Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The Cutpoints for high blood cholesterol was used National Cholesterol Treatment Guidelines and those for obesity was 25% in male. 30% in female. The results were as follows: 1. Prevalence of definitive hypertension was 59.7% in males and 54.4% in female. 2. Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 14.3% in male and 18.2% in female. 3. Prevalence of obese was 10.7% in male and 41.1% in female. 4. Among definitive hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity 52.1% possessed one risk factor, 12.6% two risk factors and 2.5% three risk factors in males. In females 41.4% possessed one risk factor and 27.6%. 5.7% respectively. 5. The smoking rate was 65.8% in males and 5.2% in females. Our results are used effectively for the community-based intervention towards cardiovascukr diseases risk reduction. However, because of limitations in our study design, further datas are needed including other risk factors and in-person clinical datas.
천병렬,감신,임정수,박순우,박정한,임부돌,Chun, Byung-Yeol,Kam, Sin,Im, Jeong-Soo,Park, Soon-Woo,Park, Jung-Han,Lim, Bu-Dol 대한예방의학회 2002 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.35 No.4
Objectives : To evaluate the annual visit days, the annual prescription days and the medical costs of hypertensive patients. Methods : The medical insurance records of 40,267 incident patients with the diagnostic code of hypertension from September 1998 through August 1999 in Daegu city were reviewed. Results : The proportion of the most proper medical care pattern group (Group VIII) who visited for 6-15 days with 240 prescription days or more a year was only 6.2%. The proper care group (Group IX) who visited for more than 16 days with 240 prescription days or more a year was 9.3%. The overall proper care group (Group VIII+IX) was therefore 15.5%. The proportion of the insufficient care group (Group I, IV) in both the number of visiting days and prescription days was 57.4%. The mean prescription day of the most proper group (Group VIII) was 29 days; the mean annual medical expenses,453,587won; the mean annual amount paid by patients, 218,013won; and mean medical expenses per prescription day, 1,483won. The proportion of the overall proper care group (Group VIII+IX) was significantly higher in adults aged 50-59, those who were enrolled in industrial workers health insurance as well as government employees and private school teachers health insurance, and those who made a higher contribution per month (p<0.01). According to the type of medical facilities, the proportion of the most proper medical care pattern group was highest in the general hospitals (9.3%) but the overall proper care group was higher in the public health centers (22.1%) and private clinics (17.1%). Conclusions : The management system of hypertension should be reinforced urgently. Therefore, it is necessary to develop guidelines including the number of visiting days per year and prescription days per visit day, and make the system provide medical facilities to more properly care for hypertensive patients.