중년기 우울증 여성의 생활사건, 대처방식, 사회적 지지 및 가족관계

김동인,이진욱,김임,이선미,은헌정 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.4

국문초록본 연구는 중년기 우울증 여성의 생활사건 스트레스, 대처 방식, 사회적 지지, 가족 관계 등의 정신사회적 요인들을 알아보기 위한 것으로 각 변인들이 어떻게 우울과 관계가 있는지를 우울증 환자 집단과 정상인 집단으로 나누어서 비교 연구하였다. 이를 위해 35세 이상 64세 이하의 116명의 우울증 환자와 113명의 정상인을 대상으로 Beck 우울 질문지(BDI), 생활사건 질문지, 대처방식 척도, 대인관계 지지 평가척도(ISEL), 가정환경척도 등의 검사를 하였고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 최고 스트레스는 환자 집단의 경우 결혼생활 스트레스(42명, 36.2%), 정상인 집단의 경우는 가정생활 스트레스(44명, 38.9%)였다. 2) 소극적 대처(t=0.93, p=.35)만을 제외하고 환자 집단과 정상인 집단에서 BDI 우울 점수(t=15.94, p<.0001), 생활사건 스트레스 점수(t=4.73, p<.0001), 적극적 대처점수(t=6.29, p<.0001), 사회적 지지점수(t=7.20, p<.0001), 가족 관계 점수(t=5.75, p<.0001)에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3) 우울증 환자 집단에서 BDI 우울 점수는 생활사건 스트레스(r=.24, p<.01) 변인과 유의한 정적 상관을 보였고, 적극적 대처(r= -.22, p<.01) 변인, 사회적 지지(r= -.35, p<.001) 변인, 가족관계(r= -.30, p<.001) 변인과는 유의한 역 상관을 보였다. 4) 우울증 환자 집단에서 BDI 우울에 대한 각 변인들의 중다회귀분석은 사회적 지지(12.3%, β= -.281, T= -3.162, P=.002, 생활사건 스트레스(5.1%, β=.279, T=3.195, P=.002), 적극적 대처(3.5%, β= -.204, T= -2.225, P=.028) 변인이 합하여 20.9%의 설명력을 나타냈다. 5) 중년기 여성에서 생활사건 스트레스는 가족 관계에서 겪는 스트레스가 가장 큰 스트레스였고, 대처방식은 우울과의 관계에서 일관성이 부족하였으며, 사회적 지지는 우울에 영향을 주는 가장 중요한 요인이었고, 가족관계는 양 집단에서 유의한 차이는 있었으나 우울에 대하여 의미있게 설명하지 못하고 있다. ABSTRACTLife Events, Coping Styles, Social Support, and Family Relationships of Middle-Aged Depressed Women Jin-Wook Lee, M.D., Yim Kim, M.D., Sun-Mi Yi, M.S., Dong-In Kim, M.D., Heon-Jeong Eun, M.D. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Presbyterian Medical Center, Chonju The objective of this study was to explore the psychosocial factors such as life events, coping styles and family relationships in middle-aged depressed women. This study was designed to compare how different variables relate to depression in two different test groups : a depressed patient group and a normal group. The Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), The Ways of Coping Checklist, Interpersonal Support Evaluation List(ISEL), Family Environment Scale were administered to 116 depressed patients and 113 normal persons between the ages of 35 and 64. The results were as follows : 1) The highest stress was marital stress(n=42, 36.2%) in patient group and family stress(n=44, 38.9%) in normal group, respectively. 2) There were significant differences between patient group and normal group in BDI scores(t=15.94, p<.0001), life events(t=4.73, p<.0001), active copinig(t=6.29, p<.0001), social support(t=7.20, p<.0001), and family relationships(t=5.75, p<.0001) except for passive coping(t=0.93, p=.35). 3) In depressed patient group, BDI scores had a significantly positive correlation with the scores of the life events(r=.24, p<.01) and negative correlation with active coping(r= -.22, p<.01), social support(r= -.35, p<.001) and family relationships(r= -.30, p<.001). 4) In depressed patient group, multiple regression analysis showed that social support(12.3%, β= -.281, T= -3.162, P=.002), life events(5.1%, β=.279. T=3.195, P=.002), and active coping(3.5%, β= -.204, T= -2.225, P=.028) had predictability on the BDI scores and the total predictability was 20.9%. 5) Stress experienced in family relationships were highest in life events and there was a lack of consistency(in the BDI scores of the coping styles). Social support was the most important factor and there were no significant differences between the two groups in family relationships.

지난 2년간의 학회지 "신경정신의학" 심사 평가보고

김찬형,김세주,김도관,김성곤,박원명,송동호,박용천,이영문,오강섭,정영철,이상열,김주한,이동영,이헌정,함병주,김율리,김문두,김정진,이강욱,천근아,김재진,홍진표,홍승철 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.6

Korea National Survey for Environmental Pollutants in Human Body(KorSEPs) 2005/2007/2008 : A pilot study for the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KNEHS) in Korea

이진헌 공주대학교 환경문제연구소 2017 환경연구 Vol.17 No.-

Korean National Survey for Environmental Pollutants in Human Body (KorSEPs) was performed for preparing the Korea National Environmental Health Survey (KNEHS) as a pilot study. The German Environmental Survey (GerES), National Human Exposure Assessment Study (NHEXAS) and National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were referenced for making design and sampling strategies of KorSEPs. Sampling units and participants were 2,273 persons within 80 units at KorSEP Ⅱ, and 5,129 persons within 200 units in KorSEP Ⅲ. Analytes were increased to 13 items such as Pb, Hg, Mn, Cd, As, 2-naphthol, 1-OHP, cotinine, metabolites of phthalates, bisphenol A, 3-PBS, metabolites of benzene and toluene. Two kinds of questionnaires were developed; one for families and another for individuals. In Korean adults, the geometric means of the blood lead, mercury, cadmium and manganese levels were 19.1, 3.23, 0.65 and 10.8 ㎍/L, respectively. The geometric concentrations of the urinary 2-naphthol (2-NP) and 1-hyroxypyrene (1-OHP) were 3.84 ㎍/L (95% CI: 3.57-4.11) and 0.15 ㎍/L (95% CI: 0.15-0.17), those of urinary cotinine concentrations were 769.9 ㎍/L (95% CI: 611-929) among smokers and 21.5 ㎍/L (95% CI: 19.1-23.9) among non-smokers in KorSEP Ⅲ. Of metabolites of phthalates, the concentrations of Mono-(2-ethyl-5-bydroxyhexyl)-phthalate (5-OH), Mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohezyl)-phthalate (5-OXO), and Mono-N-butyl phthalate (Mn-BP), were 13.3 ㎍/L (95% CI: 12.6-14.1), 11.1 ㎍/L (95% CI: 10.4-11.8), 44.9 ㎍/L (95% CI: 42.2-47.8), respectively. Also, the concentrations of bisphenol A (BP-A) and 3-phenooxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) were 0.71 ㎍/L (95% CI: 0.64-0.79) and 1.82 ㎍/L (95% CI: 1.69-1.95), prespectively. Key words Korean National Survey for Environmental Pollutants in Human Body (KorSEPs), Biomonitoring, Heavy metals, 2-napthol, 1-OHP, phthalates, 3-PBA, bisphonal A

여천공단의 대기공해문제와 대책

이진헌 인제대학교 1996 仁濟論叢 Vol.12 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate air quality in the Youchun Industrial Complex, comparing with the air-quality-standards and large cities( Seoul and Ulsan) for five chemical species(SO2, NO2, O3, CO, TSP) and others. The monthly maximum concentrations of sulfur dioxide(SO2) and nitrogen dioxide(NO2) were 0.033-0.064 ppm and 0.054-0.128 ppm in 1994, respectively. Their levels were not compliance with annual-mean allowance levels(SO2 : 0.03ppm, NO2 : 0.05 ppm), and severer on November. The concentrations of ozone(O3) was higher than those of Seoul and Ulsan, especially above three times of 8-hr mean allowance level(0.08 ppm) on June and July. The rain were below pH 5.2 from 1991 to 1994. The concenrtations of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) were 0.012-3.8ppm. Its levels were above 10 times of the emission allowance level(0.2 ppm) at some places. The organic compoudes were detected at some places around the Youchun Industrial Complex. Especially, PAHs(polyaromatic hydrocarbons) and aromatic hydrogens were the worest air quality subjects.

Panipenem을 포함한 Carbapenem 계열 항생제의 몇 가지 임상균주에 대한 시험관내 항균력

이동건,김명신,강진한,전혜선,최수미,위성헌,김상일,최정현,유진홍,신완식,강문원 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.2

목적 : Panipenem은 일본에서 개발된 카바페넴계 항생제로 그람양성균, 그람음성균, 혐기균에 이르기까지 광범위한 항균력을 나타낸다고 보고되고 있지만 국내에서 분리되는 균주에 대한 감수성 검사결과는 아직 없다. 본 연구에서는 임상에서 분리된 E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae 균주를 대상으로 carbapenem 계열 및 몇 가지 항생제와 감수성을 비교하고, 특히 P. aeruginosa의 경우 carbapenem의 효과를 Muller-Hinton agar (MHA)가 반감시킬 수 있는 특성을 고려하여 감수성에 변화가 있는지 확인하고자 하였다. 방법 : 2002년 3월부터 6월까지 가톨릭대학교 성모병원, 강남성모병원, 성가병원, 성모자애병원, 성빈센트병원에서 분리된 임상균주 E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae를 대상으로 하였다. 항생제 감수성 검사는 NCCLS 기준에 따랐고 P. aeruginosa의 경우 MHA 이외에 minimal agar Davis (MAD)를 추가로 사용하였다. 감수성 결과 해석시 panipenem은 imipenem과 같은 기준을 적용하였다. 결과 : E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa는 각각 100균주였고, S. penumoniae는 134균주였다(PSSP 41, PNSP 93균주). E. coli, K. pneumoniae는 모든 균주가 imipenem, meropenem, panipenem에 대해 감수성을 보였다. P. aeruginosa의 경우 imipenem, meropenem, panipenem, ceftazidime의 MIC_(90)은 각각 16, 8, 32, 64㎍/mL이었다. MHA와 MAD 배지를 이용하여 P. aeruginosa에 대한 항생제 감수성을 비교해 본 결과 imipenem, panipenem의 MIC_(90)가 각각 16, 32㎍/mL에서 8㎍/mL로 감소하였고, imipenem에 비해 panipenem이 더 많이 감소하였다. S. pneumoniae의 경우 PSSP는 imipenem, meropenem, panipenem에 대해 모두 내성이 없었고 PNSP는 imipenem, meropenem, panipenem에 대한 MIC_(90)가 각각 1, 2, 0.25㎍/mL이었다. 결론 : 결론적으로 panipenem은 E. coli, K. pneumoniae에 대해 기존의 카바페넴계 항생제와 유사한 우수한 항균력을 보였다. P. aeruginosa의 경우 ceftazidime, imipenem과 비슷한 항균력을 보였고 아미노산 함량이 적은 배지를 사용함에 따라 MIC가 낮아졌으며 imipenem보다 더 많은 영향을 받았다. S. pneumoniae의 경우 특히 PNSP에서 기존의 카바페넴계 항생제보다 우수한 항균력을 보였다. Panipenem은 주요 그람음성균 및 폐렴연쇄구균 감염에 유용할 것으로 기대된다. Background : Panipenern (PAPM) is a new carbapenern which has an enhanced broad spectrum against both gram-positive and negative organisms. The aim of study was to compare the activities of PAPM with those of imipenern (IMPM), meropenern (MRPM) against several clinical isolates in Korea. Methods : We tested the in vitro antimicrobial activities of PAPM, IMPM, and MRPM against total 300 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 134 Streptococcus pneumoniae collected from 5 different university hospitals. Using NCCLS guidelines, MICs of PAPM, IMPM, MRPM, and/or ceftazidime were determined. Results : All isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were susceptible to PAPM, IMPM and MRPM. MIG_(90) of PAPM, IMPM, and MRPM against P. aeruginosa were 32, 16, and 8 ㎍/mL, respectively. Comparing Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) and minimal agar Davis (MAD), the MIG_(go) of PAPM and IMPM were reduced from 16 and 32 ㎍/mL to 8 and 8 ㎍/mL, respectively. PAPM was more influenced by MAD than IMPM. All isolates of penicillin susceptible S. pneumoniae showed 0% of resistance to the carbapenems tested. MIC_(90) of PAPM, IMPM and PRPM against penicillin non-susceptible S. pneumoniae were 0.25, 1 and 2 ㎍/mL, respectively. Conclusion : Panipenern could be one of the potentially useful drugs for the treatment of infections caused by E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. pneumoniae. We also showed that PAPM had good anti-pseudomonal activity when examined in MAD, the amino acid-limited media. Therefore, it could be useful for the treatment of infections caused by P. aeruginosa.

GC/MS-SIM과 ³²P-postlabeling방법에 의한 염료와안료를 제조하는 사업장 근로자들의 방광암 조기발견을 위한 Biomarker개발에 관한 연구

이진선,신호상,김양호,노재훈,이범규 공주대학교 자원재활용신소재지역협력센터 2000 2차년도 센터 사업 성과집 Vol.2000 No.1

To develop the biomarker of non-invasive biomonitoring among workers who exposed benzidine-based dyes in its manufacturing and treating industries, we examined and evaluated the specific carciaogen-DNA adducts in exfoliated urothelial cells of 33 exposed workers. Samples were collected from urine of workers, and then isolated DNA from them. DNA adducts were analyzed using 32P-postlabeling, along with Nuclease P1. One adducts was predominated in those samples with 6 adducts present. It was formed in all exposed workers, but the others not. Its relative adducts level(RAL) was 73.2×107, which was statistically significantly higher than any other adducts' level(p<0.05). Analyzing regression between its RAL and employment period of workers, simple linear regression was positively increased with slop of 6.922(p<0.05, r2=0.548). And also, DNA adducts were analyzed using GC/MS-SIM, along with n-butanol extraction and trifluoroacetyl auhydride(TFA) derivatization. Standard material was synthetic N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-N'-acetylbenzidine. The characteristics of sample and standard were observed on the same sites, such as M+(m/z 376) and M+(m/z 279) for benzidine-di-TFA and mono-TFA. And then, they were confirmed by analyzing with secondary ion mass(SIM). This study showed that benzidine-based dyes was formed one DNA adduct into significantly high levels in bladder of all exposed workers, its chemical formula was N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-N'-acetylbenzidine. So we can do monitoring the workers with exfoliated urothelial cells of them by analyzing above DNA adduct as biomarker for preventing bladder cancer causing the exposure of the benzidine-based dyes.

전기도금한 교정용 스테인레스스틸 선재의 세포독성에 관한 연구

이계형,조진형,이기헌,황현식 대한치과교정학회 2005 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.35 No.2

본 연구는 전기도금을 이용하여 교정용 스테인레스스틸 선재의 직경을 증가시킨 후 세포독성을 알아봄으로써 이의 임상적 적용 가능성을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 시판되고있는 교정용 스테인레스스틸 선재에 전기도금 방법을 이용하여 니켈을 도금한 후, 이를 도금하지 않은 교정용 스테인레스스틸 선재 그리고 티타늄 또는 구리와 비교하기 위하여 이들을 배지에 넣고 72시간 배양하였다. 이 배양액을 금속 유리량 측정을 위해 ICP-AES(inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer) 분석을 시행한 결과 전기도금한 선재에서 많은 양의 니켈 이온이 유리되었으며, 구리에서는 많은 양의 구리 이온이 유리되었다. Microplate에 Balb/c 3T3 mouse fibroblast를 넣고 각 선재를 배양한 배양액을 75%, 50%, 25%로희석시켜 첨가한 후 MTT (3-[4.5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2.5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)분석을 시행하여 이를 배지만을 첨가한 경우와 흡광도를 비교하였다. 티타늄은 모든 농도에서 배지만을 첨가한 경우에 비해 흡광도 차이를 보이지 않았지만전기도금한 선재(p<0.001), 스테인레스스틸선재(p<0.05), 구리(p<0.001)는 배지만을 첨가한 경우보다 통계적으로 유의한 흡광도 감소를 보였다. ISO 10993, part5에 따라 구리는 "강한 독성"을 보이는 반면 티타늄과 스테인레스스틸 선재는 "무독성", 그리고 전기도금 선재는 "중등도 독성"으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 전기도금을 이용하여 교정용 선재의 직경을 증가시키는 방법이 임상에 적용되기 위해서는 세포독성을 줄이기 위한 추가의 연구가 필요함을 시사하였다. The purpose of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity of orthodontic wire which had an increased diameter through electroplating, and to evaluate its possoble clinical applications. First nickel plating was carried out on the commercially available stainless steel wire using an electroplating technique. For the comparison of the electroplated wire with ready made stainless steelwire and titanium or copper, each wire was incybated for 72 hours in a medium. The release of the metal ion was measured using ICP-AES(Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer). Balb/c 3T3 mouse fibroblast was put on a microplate and placed in an incubated medium of 75%, 50%, and 20% dilation. An MTT analysis was used to compare with the medium only. The changein absorbency value of each wire group and the difference of absorbency value according to the change of dilution was measured. The results of ICP-AES analysis showed that great amount nickel ion was isolated from electrpolated orthodontic wires and great amount copper ion was isolated from copper.The results of the MTT analysis showed that there was no difference in the absorbency value of titanium at any dilution. However the electroplated wires(p<0.001), the stainless steel wires(p<0.05) and the copper(p<0.001) were statistically significantly lower than those of medium only at all dilutions. Assessment as per ISO 10993, part5, showed that electroplated wire was alloted to "moderate cytotoxic", the titanium and stainless steel wire were "non-cytotoxic". The results of this study indicate that the electroplated or thodontic wires need additional efforts to dectease cytotoxicity for their clinical applications.

한국의 서해연안 일부지역의 해양수질에 대한 조사연구

이진헌 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2001 환경연구논문집 Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of this study is he investigation of marine pollution at some parts of Yellow Sea. Sampling was done at eight places on May and September, and its places were divided by tow layers. One was upper layer which was 5m from the surface of sea, and another was lower layer which was 5m from the bottom of the sea. Subjects of marine pollution were temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen(DO), dissolved oxygen saturation, chemical oxygen demand(COD), suspended solid(SS), total phosphorous(T-P), total nitrogen(T-N), polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) and orgnanotin. The results were as follows. The marine pollution level of this area of Yellow Sea was 1st class about pH, but 3rd class about DO, DO saturation, COD, SS, T-P and T-N. Sea water quality between upper and lower layer was not statistically significant difference about DO(p=0.000) and DO saturation(p=0.02), but not significantly about temperature, pH, COD, SS, T-P and T-N. Temperature and SS were statistically significantly higher at September than May (p=0.000), but pH, DO, DO saturation and COD were significantly higher than at May than September(p=0.000). The average concentration of total PCBs was 2.1 × 10 exp(-6)㎎/L, and that of total organotin was 11.6 × 10 exp(-5) ㎎/L on May. But they not detected on September. Species of organotin was tetrabutyltin, monophenyltin, diphenyltin and triphenyltin. And Tributyltin(TBT) and others were not detected.

만성 간질환에 대한 DDB(Biphenyl Dimethyl Dicaboxylate)의 임상적 효과

이헌영,임의혁,김성걸,김진희,육은주,성자원,김병호,정형용,강대영,김영건 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

To investigate the effects of short-term administration of DDB(Biphenyl Dimethyl Dicarboxylate) for decreasing elevated serum aminotransferase levels in chronic liver diseases, authors applied 3 capsules of DDB per day at each meal time for 35 patients and compared with 35 patients treated with other conservative management. The following results were obtained. 1. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels significantly decreased from 247.1± 180.0 IU/L of pretreatment level to 96.6±126.0 IU/L, 61.1±62.7 IU/L and 38.0±26.8 IU/L after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment(p<0.05) and effective rates were observed in 60.0%, 71.4% and 88.6% of patients after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment. 2. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels decreased also significantly from 167.8±96.9 IU/L of pretreatment levels to 124.4±155.0 IU/L, 77.9±49.6 IU/L, 60.6± 46.9 IU/L after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment(p<0.05), but decreasing pattern of serum AST was less significant than that of serum ALT. 3. No significant difference were observed in the serum ALT and AST changes according to the cause and duration of hepatitis. 4. No significant adverse effects were observed in whole patients treated with DDB. It is suggested that small dose administration of DDB is effective for decreasing serum aminotrans ferase levels in chronic liver disease in which other conservative management was not effective.

잠복원발종양의 원발병소 진단시 내시경 유도하 생검 및 구개편도적출의 진단적 의의

김세헌,김광문,이준협,이승수,서진원,홍원표 대한이비인후과학회 1998 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.41 No.3