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兪睿根 충남대학교 대학원 1976 論文集 Vol.7 No.-
In this study, the process of enlightenment was divided into three periods; the dawn of enlightenment, the first half of enlightenment, and the last half of enlightenment. It was in the last half of enlightenment, after the Kap-Oh Reformation in 1894 that Chang-Ga(musical verse) appeared on the stage of musical verse as a new literary form. In the versification, its chanting was presupposed, and, though it was chanted to the tune of western melody, its stock was of traditional korean elements affected by chinese poems as well as foreign musical verses. And what is noteworthy is that it played an important role in leading people, inspiring enlightenment and patriotism. In a word, Chang-Ga was a purposeful literary form of the times. To have views that Chang-Ga was a verse of seven-and-five word metre imported from Japanese verses and that it originated in Kyung-Bu Chul Do Ga can be said to he far from justification. It is assumed that Chang-Ga has its origin in a four-four metre(or three-four) rather than seven-five and developed into various forms. Besides seven-five metre, there are other verses found that have metres of eight-five, six- five, six-six, seven-seven, etc. This means a breaking down of old prejudices that only verses of seven-five metre are included In the class of Chang-Ga, an imitation of Japanese verse. Such views are presumed to have resulted from ignorance of the traditional characteristics and the process of development of korean verse . Chang-Ga, which came to meet the needs of the times, can to classified into several groups according to its suject or content; patriotic verse calling for respects for the fatherland and independence spirit, train or excursion verse admiring a new civilization, and passionate and idealistic verse fostering young dreams an kindling ambitions, and so forth. The early writers of Chang-Ga were people in various fields of life and the person who made the most distinguished contribution to the firm establishment of Chan-Ga era was Yuk Dang, Choe Nam Sun. He was the first to use the seven-five metre and produced a lot of excellent works rich in patriotic and enlightening ideas and emotion. Though the name, Chang-Ga, is no longer heard, its remnants and influence are still- noticed ont only in the form of school music descending from it by way of school chang-ga but also in songs of school, organization, and army. The fact that we can find not a few contemporary verses of seven-five or eight-five metre shows that we must acknowledge its fertility of patriotic and enlightening spirit. The popularization of verses like Chang-Ga and their chanting together would probably be a fruitful means of inspiring patriotism and community spirit and would sure1y contribute to the total cooperation of our people and energetic advance.
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갓김치에서 분리한 캡사이신-내성 세균,Leuconostoc mesenteroides GK-10의 생리활성
김유진,나예린,이현호,오계헌 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2021 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.27 No.1.2
The aim of this work was to investigate the physiological activities of capsaicin-resistant bacterium, Leuconostoc mesenteroides GK-10 isolated from fully fermented mustard leaf kimchi. Initially, the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain GK-10 were examined. Based on phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing, the isolate was identified as L. mesenteroides GK-10 and phylogenetic tree of the strain was plotted. L. mesenteroides GK-10 grew well in the different concentrations of capsaicin (0-600 μg/mL). Various physiological activities (e.g., tyrosinase inhibitory activity, ACE inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity, SOD-like activity, depletion of sodium nitrite) of L. mesenteroides GK-10 cultures with different concentrations of capsaicin were evaluated and compared to the cultures of L. mesenteroides DK-3 as a standard strain. According to the results, all of the physiological activities evaluated in this work were considerably higher in L. mesenteroides GK-10 cultures with 600 μg/mL capsaicin compared to L. mesenteroides DK-3 cultures with the same capsaicin concentration, although the physiological activities of GK-10 were higher or lower compared to those of DK-3 in the absence of capsaicin. In consequence, this work showed that L. mesenteroides GK-10 strains can maintain their physiological activities despite the presence of high concentrations of capsaicin.
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유예원 이화어문학회 2013 이화어문논집 Vol.31 No.-
In this paper, we well see Kim Soom's world of the succinct and non-representational narrative structure and the passive and quiet subject, especially the short-story collection 『Chim-dae(the Bed)』 and the novel 『No-ran gae-leul beorireo(to abandon the yellow dog)』 in connection with Alain Badiou and Slavoj Žižek의 ‘the sublime of the void(empty set, null set)’. In aesthetic categories, while the beautiful is realated to balance, order, and symmetry, ‘the sublim' mostly refers to disharmony, indeterminate forms, chaos, or exceptions. Badiou and Žižek has linked the sublime to the idea of ’the void‘ and by adding political and ethical features, emphasized the practical aspect of the sublime as an aesthetic term. We can find the similarities in Kim Soom's works which are backing away from existing narrativity and patterns of the subject, practicing the state of "void" based on passive and quiet actions like "staying" and "abandoning" through non-representative and non-deterministic writing. There are subjects of fidelity who practice non-representative "subtraction" writing and "keeping" in 『the bed』. Even though『the bed』 is a novel, it represents extremely compact situation and character types like the theatre language which centers around dialogues. As the repetitive pattern depicts identical structure and details, the possibility of abundant enunciation is obstructed and the whole narrative easily becomes impoverished. These non-representative and compact enunciation lead to the language of ‘substraction’ which Badiou once commented on the work of Beckett. In 『the bed』, the subjects exceedingly passive like old people shows the attitube of "keeping", trying to pursuing their aim in life against the invasion of others, which reminds of Badiou's argument which insists that ‘accidental encounter with others' can be the starting point of an event. To Badiou, the sublime means the string of process in which the event which deviates off the regular path is the starting point of the truth which can be found through the fidelity of the subject. Like the way 『the Bed』 can be related to Badiou’s concept of the sublime which moves from the set of void to the stage of truth. In 『To abandon the yellow dog』 is shown the similar narrative and the character types in 『the bed』, but moreover it represents the subjects which practice the writing of non-deterministic ‘addition’ and ‘discarding’ to confront the nothingness, In this paper, we will see the language of "addition" which highlights the void in real world by repeatedly narrating unknowable and indeterminable situations in 『the Bed』. The curse which represents the effect of a prophetic enunciation can be categorized as an enunciation of 'addition' which exposes the lack of the reality in which the language exceeds the reality. Furthermore, a meaningless signifier, ‘the yellow dog’ and the objectless action that abandon it, ‘to abandon the yellow dog’ expose the nothingness or the void of symbolic order by transforming the escape from the cruel reality into spontaneous renunciation. For Žižek the sublime is an action to see the actual nothingness by persisting maintaining the gap between the symbolic order and the subject. Like this way, 『to abandon the yellow dog』can be related to Žižek's concept of the sublime that the void which enters into the stage of action. By reading Kim's works through the view of the sublime, we can present new possible aesthetic approach beyond the discussion of grotesque imagery and objection to the existing representational narrative. Moreover, Kim's protagonists who has been mostly assumed as isolated people would be interpreted as active ones. There week moves against the viloent world is not merely unavoidable passive reaction to the others. On the contrary, Kim's subjects represent the will of the sublime which sticks to the aesthetic attitude to overcome the numerable objects which overwhelm and displease the subject, As they do not stop to pursuing their fidelity for the truth and step away from the confrontation with the reality, we can assume them as the subjects of the sublime who undergo the burden of the void. 본고는 김숨의 작품들 중 간결하고 비재현적인 서사구조 및 수동적이고 정적인 주체의 양상이 두드러지는 단편집 『침대』와 장편소설 『노란 개를 버리러』를 중심으로 바디우와 지젝의 ‘공백의 숭고’를 살펴보았다. 미적 범주에서 볼 때 아름다움이 조화와 질서, 균제, 정형과 연관된다면 ‘숭고(the sublim)'는 보통 부조화와 부정형, 혼돈 또는 파격을 가리킨다. 바디우와 지젝은 이러한 숭고를 ’공백‘의 개념과 연관시켰으며 여기에 정치적 ㆍ윤리적 면모를 더함으로써 미학적 용어인 숭고를 보다 실천적인 개념으로 확장시켰다. 이는 김숨의 작품들에서 기존의 소설로서의 서사성이나 주체의 양상을 지양하고 비재현적ㆍ비결정적 글쓰기를 통해 ’지키기‘나 ’버리기‘와 같은 수동적이고 정적인 행위를 하는 주체를 형상화하며 공백의 상태를 실현하려는 시도와 연관된다. 『침대』에서는 비재현적 ‘빼기’의 글쓰기와 ‘지키기’를 실천하는 충실성(fidelity)의 주체가 나타난다. 『침대』에서는 소설임에도 불구하고 무대화를 전제한 연극의 언어처럼 지극히 간결한 상황 설정 및 인물 구성 등의 서사성을 나타낸다. 그 가운데 나타나는 ‘반복’의 패턴은 동일한 내용과 구조의 서술을 되풀이함으로써 풍부한 언술의 가능성을 가로막으며 전반적인 서사를 빈곤하게 만든다. 이러한 김숨 소설의 비재현적 간결한 언술은 바디우가 베케트의 작품을 해석하며 언급한 ‘빼기(substraction)’의 언어와 연관된다. 또한 『침대』에서 노인들과 같이 지극히 수동적인 주인공이 타자의 침입에 대하여 자신의 입지를 묵묵히 지켜내려는 ‘지키기’의 태도를 보여주는데 이 또한 ‘타자와의 우연한 조우’를 사건의 출발점으로 본 바디우의 논의와 연관될 수 있다. 바디우에게 숭고는 현실의 법칙을 벗어나는 사건이 진리의 출발점이 되고 이에 대한 주체의 충실성을 통해 진리가 가능해지는 일련의 과정을 의미한다. 『침대』는 이렇듯 공백에서 진리로 나아가는 바디우의 숭고와 연관시킬 수 있다. 『노란 개를 버리러』에서도 『침대』에서와 유사한 서사와 인물 구성이 나타나지만 여기에서는 비결정적 ‘더하기’의 글쓰기와 ‘버리기’를 실천하며 무(無)와 대면하려는 주체가 나타난다. 여기에서는 『침대』에서의 ‘빼기’의 언어가 아니라 불확정적이고 불가지적인 상황을 끊임없이 서술함으로써 현실의 공백을 오히려 두드러지게 하는 공백의 언어인 ‘더하기’의 언어가 나타난다. 예언적 언술로서의 효과를 드러내는 저주 또한 언어가 현실을 압도하는 현실의 결핍을 드러낸다는 점에서 ‘더하기’의 언술에 속하게 된다. 또한 의미가 텅 빈 기표로 이해되는 ‘노란 개’와 이를 버리는 무목적적 행위인 ‘노란 개를 버리러’는 가혹한 현실로부터의 도피를 자발적 이탈로 탈바꿈시킴으로써 상징 질서의 공백, ‘무(無)’를 대면케 한다. 지젝에게 숭고는 상징 질서와 주체 사이의 간극을 메우려 하지 않고 끝까지 고수함으로써 실재의 무(無)를 목도하는 행위라 할 수 있다. 『노란 개를 버리러』는 이렇듯 공백에서 행위로 나아가는 지젝의 숭고와 연관시킬 수 있다. 숭고를 통해 김숨의 소설을 읽어냄으로써 기존에 그로테스크한 이미지, 기존의 재현 법칙을 벗어난 서사 등 다소 산발적이었던 논의들에 대해 새로운 미학적 가능성을 제시할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 주로 소외된 자들로서 인식되어 온 김숨 소설의 주인공들을 새로운 측면에서 능동적으로 해석할 수도 있을 것이다. 폭력적 세계에 대한 그들의 미약한 몸짓은 단지 타자의 불가피한 수동성이라기보다는, 형언할 수 없는 압도적이거나 불쾌한 대상을 심미적으로 극복하려 하는 숭고에서의 의지와 맞물리는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이들은 진리에 대한 충실성을 멈추지 않으며 실재와의 대면을 회피하지 않는다는 점에서 공백을 감당하는 숭고의 주체로 볼 수 있다.
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운동유발성 아나필락시스 환자에서 혈 중 tryptase 측정 1례
예영민,임선교,서유진,최정희,서창희,남동호,박해심 대한천식 및 알레르기학회 2004 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.24 No.1
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis(EIA) is a medical emergency in that it derives from a physical allergy. We reported a case of food-independent EIA based on history and laboratory data. A 40-year-old male patient was presented with generalized urticaria, angioedema, and syncope after jogging. He had suffered from allergic rhinitis for 25 years. Increased level of serum tryptase was noted. Mast cell activation might be suggested in the pathophysiologic mechanism of EIA. (J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 24 : 152-5, 2004)
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