Ca^(2+)―작동성 Cl^-전류에 미치는 이차 전령들의 효과

송인섭,이무열,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1993 中央醫大誌 Vol.18 No.3

The anion movements across the cell membrane were regarded as apart of passive distribution according to the cation movements. Recently, from the developement of patch clamp technique new concept for anion channels were introduced. And their roles in the genesis of action potential and resting potential were noticed. So we clarified the existence of the chloride channel in the smooth muscle cells and studied its nature in regard to the roles of the second messangers. We used the whold cell voltage clamp technique to study the current responses induced by carbachol application in the circular smooth muscle cells of the gastric antrum of the rabbit. The results were as follows; 1. Application of the carbachol induced the increase of inward currents in the hyperpolarized potential ranges, and the increase of outward currents in the depolarized ranges. 2. Even in the cases of blocking all the known currents, these current components were observed. 3. Sodium ion removel from the external medium rarely affected these current responses, and the addition of cadmium ion did not make any remarkable change. 4. Known second messangers such as c-AMP, c-GMP, heparin, A1F_4 rarely affected these current components. 5. Lowering of intracellular calcium ion concentration drastically reduced these current responses. Form the above results we can suggest that the carbachol induced current responses contained chloride currents which were activated by only intracellular calcium ion, not by any other second messegers in the gastric antral smooth muscle cells.

卵黃을 利用한 血球凝集抑制反應에 관한 實驗的 硏究

元松大 건국대학교 1980 論文集 Vol.11 No.1

The following results of haemagglutination-Inhibition test with the use of egg folk were obtained : (1) When yolk material was used for extraction, 8% sodium chloride concentration resulted in the clear turbidity and showed no change haemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers. (2) Yolk material could be diluted two to four fold in 8% sodium chloride solution without affecting HI antibody titers, however, four fold dilution of yolk material was resulted hotter clearance than two fold dilution of yolk material. (3) No difference in HI titers could be observed, when the extracts diluted 4 fold in 8% NaCl solution were tested immediately or two to five hours later after shaking diluted yolk. (4) Phosphate buffer stock solution (PBS) and Gelatin-phosphate buffer stock solution (GPBS) as diluents showed no difference in HI titers, but physiological saline was inferior to clearance, while it gave slightly higher HI titers than those of PBS or GPBS. (5) Yolk extracts prepared from the eggs stored for different periods showed no differnce in HI titers, if the yolk was not ruptured. (6) Hl liters of the yolk were slightly lower(two to four fold) than those of the serum.

공공서비스의 민간 위탁 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인

송근원,강대창,허남식 한국행정연구원 2003 韓國行政硏究 Vol.12 No.3

이 연구에서는 민간 위탁에 관한 이론적 배경과 경험적 사례를 통해서 공공서비스의 민간 위탁 성과에 영향을 미치는 여덟 개 요인들을 추출하여 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수가 무엇인가를 밝혀내고 이를 바탕으로 어떠한 여건 하에서 어느 요인들이 민간위탁의 성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는가를 알아보기 위해 군집분석 결과 제공된 자료들을 가지고 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 민간 위탁의 성공에 영향을 미치고 있는 유의한 요인들로는 전체적으로 볼 때 저항성, 측정가능성, 비용효율성, 서비스 중단시 파급효과라는 네 가지 조건들임을 찾아냈으며, 이 가운데 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 요인은 비용효율성이고, 그 다음이 저항성, 측정가능성, 서비스 중단시 파급효과의 순서이다. 한편, 이들 요인 이외의 경쟁성, 전문 기술적 복잡성, 기관장의 추진 의지, 행정지원체계의 적절성 요건 등은 공공서비스의 유형에 따라 민간 위탁 성과에 영향을 미치고 있음을 밝혀냈다. 이러한 분석 결과를 논의하면서 제시한 행정적 시사점을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 민간 위탁 여건의 정확한 파악 없이 같은 종류의 공공서비스라는 이유로 민간 위탁을 무리하게 추진하는 것은 현실적합성이 결여될 수 있다. 따라서, 민간 위탁 여건에 따른 공공서비스의 분류 유형에 따라 민간 위탁의 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인들이 달라지는 까닭에 민간 위탁 이전에 여기에서 제시한 여덟 가지 민간 위탁 조건들을 점검함으로써 어느 유형에 속하는지를 판단하고 난 후 민간 위탁 여부를 결정할 것을 제안한다. 둘째, 기술적 전문성이 요청되는 공공서비스의 경우, 민간부문에 위탁하는 것이 좀더 적은 비용으로 양질의 공공서비스를 공급할 수 있다는 것을 시사한다. 셋째, 경쟁성이 낮다고 판단되는 공공서비스의 경우 민간 위탁을 통해 비용 절감을 추구하기 위해서는 적절한 성과 평가지표의 개발이 선행되어야 할 것을 주장한다. 넷째, 서비스 공급 중단으로 인한 사회적 파급효과가 큰 공공서비스의 경우, 신뢰할 만한 책임감 있는 수탁자를 경쟁적으로 선정한 후 적절히 지도, 감독하는 일이 매우 중요하다. 왜냐하면, 서비스 공급이 중단되는 경우, 서비스 공급을 다시 시작하려면 많은 시간과 노력 비용이 소요되고 여론이 악화되기 때문이다. 이 이외에도 위탁 조건 중 저항성은 민간 위탁의 성과에 가장 부정적인 영향을 미치는 요인으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 조직내외의 저항성이 강하게 나타나는 공공서비스는 민간 위탁에 신중을 기할 필요가 있다. 곧 민간위탁을 무리하게 추진하기보다는 저항을 완화, 극복할 수 있는 제도적 방안을 마련한 후, 경험적 학습화를 거쳐 점진적으로 민간에 넘겨주는 방안을 적용해야 한다. constituents. Ultimately, the vision of Young Weol Gun was established as 'Pro-Environmental and Cultural Tourist and Relaxation City. The OECD countries have been practicing a series of government reform programs in order to cope with the pressures of the environmental change. These programs are basically aimed at enhancing public sector productivity and customer satisfaction through the adoption of result-oriented management system. The development of accounting system is an indispensable step toward a successful result-oriented management in government. Especially the cash-based governmental accounting system makes it hardly provide accurate information on the status and soundness of governmental financial management. Thus, many OECD countries are transforming the accounting system from cash accounting to accrual accounting. This study explores the causes, consequences, performance, and limitations of Australian governmental accounting system reform for the successful adoption of the new accounting system in Korea. This study shows the successful Australian experience with its decentralization and strengthened accountability of the public bureaucracy, and the new system provides valuable information for better management decisions. Continuous efforts based on active participation of private and public sector, an official's will and capability to apply new information can play an important role in the system. But to reform the governmental accounting system successfully, it needs to clarify the limitation of financial information that new system products. And finally, under this circumstances, this study implies that supplemental measures like budget system reform and performance management system of measuring policy effects should be accompanied. This paper investigates the factors which have influenced on the local public services contracting-out outcomes. This study aims to provide the theoretical grounds of the factors improving local public services. Based not only on the theoretical backgrounds and empirical case study, but also on the interviewing results with public servants who deal with contracting-out, eight criteria are selected. With this conditions cluster analysis is done for the public services and the groups newly classified are discussed in terms of their characteristics. The variables influencing these newly classified five groups of the services are examined by multiple regression analysis. The research findings suggest as follows: The success in contracting-out is highly dependent on the higher cost-efficiency, on the lower resistance, on the higher measurability of outcomes, and on the higher spill-over effect in discontinued services when the services are stopped to be supplied with. Alongside introducing "research councils" in public R&D governance system, the Korean government has carried out the evaluation of member research institutes under research councils every year since 2000. However, the current evaluation system strongly needs to be improved, mainly due to both some deficits of system itself and unfavourable effects arose from the actual implementation process. Therefore, this paper aims to suggest some policy implications for the development of the Korean institute evaluation system, taking the Institute Assesment Exercise (IAE) of the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) in the UK as a bench-marking model. As a result, the IAE practice of the BBSRC will be a good reference when three Korean research councils in S&T sector intend to develop their current institute evaluation system. In particular, the UK case will provide useful policy implications for the improvement of some limitations of the Korean system, including the focus of managerial performance, one year interval between evaluation exercises, lower expertise in both evaluation manpower and evaluation unit, the adoption of ranking system among the institutes and budget adjustment-focused utilisation, which have been regarded as main problems in the Korean case.

太極拳의 原理에 關한 硏究

羅大觀,吳旼錫,宋泰元 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2001 혜화의학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Tae-Geuk-Guan(太極拳) Tae-Geuk(太極) is arranged Yum-Yang-O-Hang(陰陽五行) and created from Mu-geuk(無極) means great chaos. Jin-sik Tae-Geuk-Guan(陳式太極拳) has tenth essential theory. There are Li(理), Qi(氣), Samjul(三節), Sacho(四梢), Ojang(五臟), Samhap(三合), Yukjin(六進) Sinbup(身法) Bobup(甫法), Gangyou(剛柔). Li(理) is Rules of all things. Qi(氣) is body. Body is diveided into Samjul(三節), Sacho(四梢), Ojang(五臟) is inside body and make human'sbody and Qi(氣), Samhap(三合) is union of mind & intention, Qi & power, muscle & bone. Yukjin(六進) is movement of body. Sinbup(身法) has Chong(縱), Hoeng(橫), Ko(高), Jeo(低), Jin(進), Toe(退), Ban(反), Chuk(側). Bobup(步法) has Jin(進), Toe(退), Ban(反), Chuk(側). Yang-sik Tae-Geuk-Guan(揚式太極拳) has tenth essential theory. There are Songyo(송腰), Heolungjungkyung(虛靈頂경), Hamhungbalbae(含胸拔背), Chimgyungsuju(沈궁수주), Bunheosil(分虛實), Yongeuibulyonglyuk(用意不用力), sanghasangsu(上下相隋), Naeoesanghap(內外相合), Sangyunbudan(相連不斷), Dongchungguchung(動中求精)

Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita 의 1예

김용대,송준영,이원석,박의수 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1988 계명의대학술지 Vol.7 No.2

Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita is a rare congenital vascular anomaly, characterized by congenital cutis maromrata, phlebectasia, opider nevi, ulceration, and in most instances, steady improvement from birth. We report a case of cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita in 3-month-old boy who has developed localized, dark red reticulated mottling with shiny atrophic scars on the inner side of the left leg. Diagnosis was confirmed by clinical and histopathologic features.

심재성 홍반성 루푸스 1예

이원석,송준영,김용대,박의수 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1988 계명의대학술지 Vol.7 No.2

We report a case of lupus erythematosus profundus in a 16-year old male. He had multiple pea-nut to bean sized subcutaneous nodules with dark brownish colored overlying skin was present on the upper arm, trunk & other systemic disease. Histologically, deep dermis & subcutaneous layer had dense patch lymphocytic infiltration and homogenized hyaline fat necrosis. Direct immunofluorescene studies showed IgM and C?? deposit on the vessel wall. We treated him with chloroquine and corticosteroid.

전위된 관절내 원위 요골의 관절경을 이용한 고정술

이원용,박병문,임대의,송경섭,홍정우 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.3

목적: 전위된 관절내 원위 요골 골절에 관절경을 이용한 정복술과 경피적 K 강선 및 외고정기기를 이용한 수술법의 결과를 알아보고자 함이다. 대상 및 방법: 2001년 1월부터 8월까지 수술한 11명 12예를 대상으로 하였으며, 평균 추시 기간은 14개월 이었다. 골절의 형태는 AO 분류에 의하면 1예는 B3형, 4예는 C2형, 7예는 C3형 골절이었다. 전예에서 2.7㎜ 관절경을 이용하였으며 추가적인 관혈적 정복은 시행하지 않았다. 경피적 K 강선 고정술 후 외고정 기기를 사용하였다. 관절내 골연골 골편을 제거하였으며 추가적인 수근 골간 인대와 삼각 섬유 연골 손상의 적극적인 처치는 없었다. 고정물 제거 시기는 경피적 K 강선은 술후 4주, 외고정 기기는 7주에 시행하였다. 결과: 평균 수근 관절의 신전 및 굴곡은 정상의 72%였다. 평균 요측 길이는 12.3 ㎜, 전방경사는 5.7°, 척측 경사는 22.4°였다. 평균 관절면의 불일치는 1㎜였다. 술후 구획 증후군의 발생은 없었으며 치료 중 골절 함몰 소견은 없었다. 임상적으로 Gartland와 Werley의 평가에 의하면 8예에서 우수, 3예에서 양호, 1예에서 보통의 결과를 얻었다. 결론: 관절내 분쇄 골절의 치료에서 관절경을 이용한 관절면 정복술은 수술적 연부 조직을 최소화하면서 관절면을 비교적 정확하게 정복함으로 관절면의 불일치를 감소시켜 손상 후 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있는 효과적인 방법으로 사료된다. Purpose: To investigate the result of arthroscopically assisted reduction of intraarticular fracture of distal radius with percutaneous K-wires and external fixation. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 12 intraarticular distal radial fractures of 11 patients treated arthroscopically assisted reduction in Orthopedic Department of Sung-Ae hospital between January, 2001 and August, 2001. The mean length of follow-up was 14 months. Analysis of them revealed that B3 was 1 case, C2 4 cases and C3 7 cases according to the AO classification. All cases were treated by 2.7 ㎜ arthroscopic devices and percutaneous K-wires pining with external fixationg, but additionally invasive reductional technique was not used. We removed the osteochondral flap but not treated. The K-wires were removed at 4 weeks, external fixation was 7 weeks, respectivley. Result: The mean active range of movement in the affected wrist was total arc of the flextion-extension 72% of the opposite side. Radiographically mean volar tilt, radial inclination and radial length compartment syndrome and fractures collapse were not occured during follow-up period. According to the Gartland and Werley demerit-point system, eleven cases were a excellent or good one was a fair result. Conclusion: Arthroscopically assisted fixation is a useful method for reducing the soft tissue injuies and preventing the articular surface incogruency by anatomically reduction un cases of intraarticular comminution.

혼합감도 평가함수 H∞놈 최소화-다항식 접근방법

安鎬均,宋大原,朴勝圭 창원대학교 공작기계기술연구센터 1999 연구업적집 Vol.1 No.1

The Grimble's polynomial approach in the design of H∞ robust controller is applicable to adaptive control system But it can not minimize the mixed sensitivity cost function. In this paper, In this paper, we use the Youla type of controller and make it possible to minimize the mixed sensitivity cost function by using polynomial approach.

악안면 영역에서의 유리 전완피판술 적용례분석

김욱규,송원욱,황대석,김용덕,신상훈,김종렬,정인교 부산대학교 병원 암연구소 2009 부산대병원학술지 Vol.- No.25

流域特性을 考慮한 流出 모델링에 관한 硏究

金治弘,安元植,韓成大,尹如松 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1985 論文集 Vol.36 No.1

This study have been carried out as a sector of the rainfall-runoff relationship research. First of all, the runoff research has the difficult problem due to non-linearity of hydrological phenomena. In this study, according to the method of runoff separation into components by Hino and Hasebe (1980) is applied. This theory considers sufficiently the physical mechanism of runoff process to separate into the groundwater, interflow, and surfaceflow, respectively. Then each component of runoff time series can be reduced to the linear subsystem, that is, ARMA model can be obtained in each subsystem. Actual flood hydrograph of the every two major gauging stations in the Han River basin, the Naktong River basin and the Kum River have been analyzed, and have taken out the characteristics of each river basin. Also the runoff model have obtained for these basins.