Effects of Traditional Chinese Cooking Methods on Formation of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Lamb Patties

Haitao Guo,Zhenyu Wang,Han Pan,Xin Li,Li Chen,Weili Rao,Yuan Gao,Dequan Zhang 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.3

Different amounts of the potent mutagenic and/or carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) areformed in muscle-based foods under different cookingmethods. HAAs (9 varieties) in lamb patties cooked usingtraditional Chinese cooking methods (roasting, frying, panfrying,and stewing in seasonings) were investigated. Thetotal HAAs contents in roasted, fried, pan-fried, and stewedpatties were 4.39-123.15 ng/g, 3.59-43.24 ng/g, 0.71-10.05ng/g, and 51.07-120.32 ng/g, respectively. Amounts of HAAsincreased as cooking time increased. 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) was the dominantHAAs in deep roasted and fried samples, while 1-methyl-9H-pyrido [3,4-b] indole (Harman) and 9H-pyrido [3,4-b]indole (Norharman) were the main HAAs in pan-fried andstewed samples. Types and contents of HAAs formed atdifferent cooking times using different methods are unique. Stewing in seasoning generated a higher HAAs contentthan the high-temperature cooking methods roasting,frying, and pan-frying.

Comparative proteomic analysis of parasitic loranthus seeds exposed to dehydration stress

Limei Pan,Lingyun Wan,Lili He,Lisha Song,Hairong Long,Xiaowen Ji,Ni Jiang,Juan Huo,Shugen Wei,Jine Fu 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.1

Parasitic loranthus [Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser] is an important medicinal plant that produces recalcitrant seeds that are sensitive to dehydration. Desiccation tolerance is critical for the survival of recalcitrant seeds in low-moisture environments. Clarifying how these seeds respond to desiccation is important for long-term conservation. Thus, the viability, germination, microstructure, and antioxidant enzyme activities of dehydrated parasitic loranthus seeds were investigated. Diverse organelles were degraded or deformed during dehydration treatments. Additionally, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities gradually decreased in response to desiccation stress. A proteomic analysis involving TMT-labeling and LC–MS/ MS were performed. A total of 1479 proteins were identifed, of which 141 were diferentially expressed proteins (DEPs) at 16 and 36 h after initiating the dehydration treatments. A functional annotation based on gene ontology revealed that the DEPs were mainly localized in chloroplasts and were related to energy metabolism, responses to stimuli, and the regulation of biological processes. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis determined that several of the identifed proteins were associated with signal transductions, photosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. The results suggest that the efcient removal of excessive ROS amounts may be crucial for promoting parasitic loranthus seed germination under dehydration stress conditions. A series of candidate dehydration stress-related proteins were identifed and may be relevant for enhancing the dehydration tolerance of the recalcitrant seeds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the frst study to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of recalcitrant parasitic loranthus seeds to dehydration via a proteomic analysis involving TMT-labeling.

OSI-027 alleviates rapamycin insensitivity by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in hyperoxia-induced lung injury infant rats

Long Li,Liang Mulin,Yanling Liu,Wang Pan,Dang Hongxing 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2021 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.17 No.3

Background The mechanism of long time and high-concentration oxygen treatment leading to acute lung injury (ALI) or developmental lung disease in infants is currently unclear. Here we found that compared with the effect of rapamycin, pan-mTOR1/2 inhibitor OSI-027, alleviates hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI) by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in infant rats. Objective Infant rats were treated with continuous inhalation of 90% medical oxygen. Normal saline, rapamycin, or OSI-027 was intraperitoneally injected, and the status of lung injury was tested on days 3, 7, and 14. The activation of mTOR/AKT/TGFβ1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in normal and hyperoxia-treated live precision-cut lung tissues. The inhibitory effect of OSI-027 extended to the active state of other proteins implicated in mTOR1/2 signaling was demonstrated in hyperoxia-induced injured lung tissues. Results Our data demonstrate that hyperoxia-induced serious lung inflammation and fibrosis. OSI-027 significantly attenuated the pathological process of HILI, inhibit the phosphorylation of the primary downstream targets of mTORC1/C2, and reduce the activation of TGF-β1 signaling. Conclusions The results suggest that mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1/4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) signaling has an important effect during HILI with a potential meaning for the progress of novel anti-hyperoxia-injury strategies. Background The mechanism of long time and high-concentration oxygen treatment leading to acute lung injury (ALI) or developmental lung disease in infants is currently unclear. Here we found that compared with the effect of rapamycin, pan-mTOR1/2 inhibitor OSI-027, alleviates hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI) by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in infant rats. Objective Infant rats were treated with continuous inhalation of 90% medical oxygen. Normal saline, rapamycin, or OSI-027 was intraperitoneally injected, and the status of lung injury was tested on days 3, 7, and 14. The activation of mTOR/AKT/TGFβ1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in normal and hyperoxia-treated live precision-cut lung tissues. The inhibitory effect of OSI-027 extended to the active state of other proteins implicated in mTOR1/2 signaling was demonstrated in hyperoxia-induced injured lung tissues. Results Our data demonstrate that hyperoxia-induced serious lung inflammation and fibrosis. OSI-027 significantly attenuated the pathological process of HILI, inhibit the phosphorylation of the primary downstream targets of mTORC1/C2, and reduce the activation of TGF-β1 signaling. Conclusions The results suggest that mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1/4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) signaling has an important effect during HILI with a potential meaning for the progress of novel anti-hyperoxia-injury strategies.

벤처기업의 아웃소싱 사례연구

강판국 한국중소기업학회 2003 기업가정신과 벤처연구 Vol.6 No.1

대동바이오텍은 본래 자동차부품의 UV 코팅을 전문으로 하는 소기업이었으나 우연히 저온에서도 원적외선이 방사되는 희귀성 약돌(pegmatite)로 만든 건강 팔찌를 만들어 주변 친지들에게 판매하게 되었다. 이를 사용해본 주변의 많은 사람들이 건강상에 좋으니 본격적으로 개발해보라는 권유에 따라 대학의 창업보육센터에 입주하였고, 지엽적 시장을 벗어나기 위하여 약돌을 미세분말하여 원단에 코팅처리한 원단을 이용하여 헬스 다이어트복을 개발하기로 결정하였다. 제품의 효능을 과학적으로 증명하여 소비자들에게 제품의 신뢰도를 높이고자 경북대학교의 물질화학연구소의 이광필 박사에게 의하였다. 연구프로젝트는 진행 내용은 다음과 같다. 1. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단을 개발 2. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단의 특성분석 3. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단 헬스다이어트복 개발 4. 기능성 헬스다이어트복의 임상실험을 통한 신체에 미치는 효과측정 과학적 데이터가 갖추어져 상품의 신뢰도가 높아졌으므로 제품의 전국적 대량시장으로 확장시켜 나가기 위해서 벤처기업의 시장진입 모델 연구를 호서대학교 강판국 교수와 산학연구가 체결되어 진행 프로젝트 내용은 다음과 같다. 1. 제품의 디자인과 브랜드 'PANTAS'의 전략화 이성훈 교수의 자문하에 상표의 디자인과 브랜드를 바꾸고 상표등록 2. 매스미디어의 활용 매스컴의 벤처기업의 신개발품 신상품코너를 이용 제품 및 브랜드의 홍보 3. 마케팅 채널의 선택 1) 타켓 마케팅 전략: 헬스센터, 스포츠 센터/전문점을 이용한 판매전략 2) 다단계판매망을 통한 직접 판매채널 3) 전국적 대리점을 구축 4) 판매의 아웃소싱 벤처기업들의 대부분은 자원 및 기업 인프라의 부족이라는 태생적 문제를 여전히 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점들에 대한 해결의 단초를 제공할 수 있는 것이 아웃소싱 전략이다. 대학의 창업보육센터에 입주한 후 대학의 신뢰도와 인적인 네트워크를 이용하게 되었고 기술적 아웃소싱을 통하여 제품의 효능에 대해 과학적 증명을 통해 신뢰도를 높일 수 있었다. 경영적 아웃소싱을 통해 제품의 브랜드화, 매스미디어를 활용한 마케팅 프로모우션, 다양한 마케팅 채널 탐색과 전략을 전개해 볼 수 있었다. Daedong Bio-Tech Co. was a small business, whose primary business being UV coating of automobile parts. Daedong started to make health bracelets made of yakdol(pegmatite) emanating far-infrared rays and sold them to close acquaintances. Those who used the bracelet found that it helped their health. Encouraged by their responses, Daedong entered a business incubator operated by Keimyung University, and started to make health diet sportswear using fabrics coated with the powder of yak-dol. To secure consumer's confidence on the product by scientifically proving the effects of the product, the research was outsourced to The Material Chemical Research Institute of Kyungpook National University. The research showed that exercising wearing the product which emanates far infrared rays helps reduce fat through heightened body metabolism and the rapid circulation of the blood. This result helped Daedong to acquire confidences of consumers and distributors. The research project was conducted as follows. First, develop a fiber that emanates far-infrared light under normal temperature. Second, analyze the characteristics of a fiber that emanates far-infrared light under normal temperature. Third, develop health sportswear using the developed fiber. Fourth, measure the health effects of the sportswear through clinical tests. Also, developing marketing strategy was outsoursed to Prof. Kang Pan Kuk of Heseo University, and the project was was conducted as follows. 1. build a design and brand strategy 2. take full advantage of free mass media, such as new products introduction columns for venture companies 3. Selection of sales channel 1) determine the target market : health center, sports center/specialy stores 2) direct sales through network-marketing company 3) build up an nationwide agency 4) outsourcing of marketing function

Crack propagation in flexural fatigue of concrete using rheological-dynamical theory

Aleksandar Pančić,Dragan D. Milašinović,Danica Goleš 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2021 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.27 No.1

The concrete fatigue analysis can be performed with the use of fracture mechanics. The fracture mechanics defines the fatigue crack propagation as the relationship of crack growth rate and stress intensity factor. In contrast to metal, the application of fracture mechanics to concrete is more complicated and therefore many authors have introduced empirical expressions using Paris law. The topic of this paper is development of a new prediction of fatigue crack propagation for concrete using rheological-dynamical analogy (RDA) and finite element method (FEM) in the frame of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The static and cyclic fatigue three-point bending tests on notched beams are considered. Verification of the proposed approach was performed on the test results taken from the literature. The comparison between the theoretical model and experimental results indicates that the model proposed in this paper is valid to predict the crack propagation in flexural fatigue of concrete.

Robust Thresholding을 이용한 Wavelet 기반의 영상잡음 제거연구

하판봉 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2002 産技硏論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Approaches to wavelet-based denoising (or signal enhancement) have so far relied on the assumption of normally distributed perturbations. To relax this assumption, which is often violated in practice, we derive a robust wavelet thresholding technique based on the minimax description length principle. We first determine the least favorable distribution in the ε-cintaminated normal family as the member that maximizes the entropy. We show that this distribution and the best estimate, constitute a saddle point. This results in a threshold that is more resistant to heavy-tailed noise, but for which the estimation error is still potentially unbounded. We address the practical case where the underlying signal is known to be bounded, and derive a two-sided thresholding technique that is resistant to outliers and has bounded errors. We provide illustrative examples.

로치오 알고리즘읠 이용한 자동분류에서 용어 가중치 기법

김판준 명지대학교문헌정보학회 2007 文獻情報學論集 Vol.- No.9

로치오 알고리즘에 기반한 문헌의 자동분류에서 여러 용어 가중치 기법들을 분류 성능 측별에서 검토하였다. 특히, 학습문헌에 부여된 범주 정보의 사용 여부에 따라 가중치 기법을 지도 기법과 비지도 기법으로 구분하고, 이들 가증치 기법의 성능을 비교 및 분석하였다. 그 결과, 범주 정보를 사용하는 지도 가증치 기법이 비지도 가증치 기법보다 상당히 늘은 성능 수준을 보였고, 지금까지 정보검색과 자동분류에서 많이 사용되어 온 tfidf 가중치와 비교하여도 대부분의 지도 가중치 기법이 더 좋은 성능을 나타내었다. 또한, 이들 가중치들의 조합에 의한 조합 가중치의 분류 성능 측면에서는 지도 가중치 간의 조합이 비지도와 지도 가중치의 조합보다 더 좋은 성능을 보였다. 한편, 두 종류의 조항 가중치를 성능 향상률 측면에서 비교한 결과에서는, 지도 가중치 간의 조합 가중치보다 비지도와 지도 가중치 간의 조합에서 더 큰 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

물고기 배자를 이용한 acetaminophen의 내분비교란성 탐색

김판기 용인대학교 자연과학연구소 2011 自然科學硏究所論文誌 Vol.16 No.1

Acetaminophen (AA) is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drug that is present in >850 over-the-counter and prescription formulas. AA is taken acutely, as well as chronically, by millions of adults and children. Metabolism of AA, primarily in the liver by mixed function oxidases, can result in the production of a highly reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI). At high doses acetaminophen elicits well-characterized hepatotoxic effects due to the production of NAPQI, which are exacerbated by ethanol consumption. Several in vivo studies suggest AA may alter some hormone-regulated processes in reproductive tissues. AA reduced the reproductive capacity, testicular weight, and spermatogenesis of mice and reduced E2-induced uterine peroxidase activity and nuclear progesterone receptor protein in immature mice. In humans, AA had no significant effect on breast cancer risk but reduced the risk of ovarian cancer and significantly lowered basal levels of gonadotropin and estradiol. However, AA did not increase uterine wet weight in mice or rats, and did not affect E2-induced increases in rodent uterus weight. In this study, toxicogenomics used to find out the outcome of this modulating in fish embryo. The results could not found out the exact findings of this effects, but you can use this protocols using fish embryo and some markers in this purpose.

카드뮴의 조직내 축적에 미치는 솔잎, 감피, 율피에서 추출한 탄닌산의 영향

김판기 龍仁大學校 自然科學硏究所 1999 自然科學硏究所論文誌 Vol.4 No.2

The tannic acid (1.Omg/ml) and/ or cadmium (30mg/kg) were administered by oral administration. The results were as follows : 1. There were adverse effects on the weight changes and water consumption. But, the extent of adverse changes were not changed by tannic acid administration significantly. 2.In the hematological patterns of administered mice, there were: significant changes between cadmium treated groups and control group. Hemoglobin contents, packed cell volume, platelet count and neutrophill count were changed significantly compared with control group. These changes were not changed in tannic acid treated group significantly. 3. Cadmium concentrations varied in the cadmium treated mouse ]iver, kidndy, spleen and testes. In the tannic acid treated groups pine leafs, persimmon skin and chestnut skin extracts cadmium concentrations of liver and kidneys were decreased to the extent of an half of the cadmium only treated group's From the above results, the tannic acid extracted from pine leafs, persimmon skin and chestnut skin had alleviative effects of cadmium accumulation upto the 1.0 mg/ml/day of oral dose for 3 weeks.

비판적 사고교육의 내용 연구 : 가면극 자료를 중심으로 Focus on the Korean Mask Drama Texts

오판진 국어교육학회 2003 國語敎育學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

국어교육에서 비판적 사고교육의 필요성을 논의할 때 내용보다는 방법을 강조해 온 경향이 있다. 이 글에서는 내용을 중심으로 방법을 모색해야 한다는 주장을 제기하고, 가면극 채록본을 자료로 삼아 분석하였다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 하여 비판적 사고의 개념과 유형을 정의하고, 가면극 자료를 대상으로 하여 구안 할 수 있는 비판적 사고교육의 내용에 대해 논의하였다. 가면극 채록본에 정리된 자료는 실제로 공연상황에서 매우 가변적이기 때문에 대사 하나 하나의 의미보다는 그 대사들에 관철되고 있는 사고 과정에 주목해야 한다. 이런 관점에서 국어교육에서 해결해야 할 과제 가운데 하나인 비판적 사고교육의 문제를 해결하고자 시도하였다. 이 과정에서 정리한 핵심적인 내용을 간추리면 다음과 같다. 첫째 비판적 사고의 개념은 '어떤 주장이나 신념, 문제 등에 대해 준거(타당성, 신뢰성, 정확성, 가치 등)를 들어 해석, 추론, 논증, 평가하는 사고'를 말한다. 둘째 비판적 사고교육의 하위 유형으로는 1. 사실과 의견 구별하기 2. 근거의 타당성 확인하기 3. 다양한 관점에서 질문하기 4. 반론하기 5. 숨겨진 의미 파악하기를 들 수 있다. When we discuss about a critical thinking education in an korean education, there is a trend to emphasis methods more than contexts. This paper assert that a critical korean mask texts. On that research, this paper define the concepts and types of the critical thinking education, and make a contexts of that. In fact, a korean mask texts were varied in every performances. So that reason, we discuss about a thinking process more than a performing words. In this respect, this paper made researches in an critical thinking education. To make a long story short, this paper draw some conclusion. First, The concept of critical thinking is thinking process like a reasoning and a demonstration when we looking for an irrational part to solve a question, and presenting an evidence as a proof. Second, The Types of Critical Thinking are 1. Distinguishing between Fact and Opinion 2. Confirming a Validity of the basis 3. Questioning on a various point of view 4. A Refutation 5. Grasping a hided Meaning.