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조직시민행동의 이론적 고찰 : 호텔산업에의 적용성을 중심으로
하헌국,김서연 동국대학교 관광산업연구소 2000 관광·호텔경영연구 Vol.2 No.1
In this study, literature on employee citizenship performance was reviewed. This review provides justification for the theoretical reliance on a recent conceptualization of citizenship performance derived from political philosophy. Further, it comprises the relevance of understanding the citizenship performance of contact employees and developing a citizenship measure specifically for this unique organizational position. It also includes the need for empirical research on the relationship between contact employee citizenship and service effectiveness. The next section reviewed literatures on citizenship rights and responsibilities and social exchange. Importantly, this review provides a basis for the inclusion of the independent variables in the future empirical study. It also provides the theoretical background for two competing theoretical models of citizenship performance. The last section of the literature review discussed relevant conceptual and empirical research on each of the independent variables in the future empirical study. This review provides an overview of previous research on each independent variable and further presents evidence concerning two competing theoretical models.
분석결과 검증 및 신뢰성 확보를 위한 실험실간 협력 실험
박혜진,고광용,한국탁,김일중,이용재,김성헌,이규승 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2005 농업과학연구 Vol.32 No.2
The residual study of pesticide has been used in various areas, such as food safety, environmental protection, establishment of tolerance, and explaining the pathway and reaction mode of pesticides, and its importance was expected to increase further more. The aspect of food safety, the pesticide residue survey have been practiced at many organizations, but there were no verification of analytical results at present. In this experiment, we focused on instrumental stability, including response of each instrument and the recovery ratio of each organization's method. As samples for this experiment, we prepared cucumber and sesame, and chose 4 pesticides (bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and ethoprophos), which were mostly detected from pesticide residue survey and widely used for each crop. The standard deviation of peak areas in the chromatogram of each pesticide were under 1.212 %, so it showed that most instruments were stable. The relationship of recovery ratio of each organization were over 0.996 for every pesticide and each organization. Finally, the analytical results for pesticide residue from each participated organization were not statically significant and we could put confidence in the result from each organization.
Kim, Kook Hwan,Jeong, Yeon Taek,Oh, Hyunhee,Kim, Seong Hun,Cho, Jae Min,Kim, Yo-Na,Kim, Su Sung,Kim, Do Hoon,Hur, Kyu Yeon,Kim, Hyoung Kyu,Ko, TaeHee,Han, Jin,Kim, Hong Lim,Kim, Jin,Back, Sung Hoon,Ko Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2013 Nature medicine Vol.19 No.1
Despite growing interest and a recent surge in papers, the role of autophagy in glucose and lipid metabolism is unclear. We produced mice with skeletal muscle–specific deletion of Atg7 (encoding autophagy-related 7). Unexpectedly, these mice showed decreased fat mass and were protected from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance; this phenotype was accompanied by increased fatty acid oxidation and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) owing to induction of fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21). Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by autophagy deficiency increased Fgf21 expression through induction of Atf4, a master regulator of the integrated stress response. Mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors also induced Fgf21 in an Atf4-dependent manner. We also observed induction of Fgf21, resistance to diet-induced obesity and amelioration of insulin resistance in mice with autophagy deficiency in the liver, another insulin target tissue. These findings suggest that autophagy deficiency and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction promote Fgf21 expression, a hormone we consequently term a 'mitokine', and together these processes promote protection from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
Kim, Chang-Hoon,Kim, Jin Kook,Kim, Hyun Jun,Cho, Jin Hee,Kim, Jung-Soo,Kim, Yong-Dae,Lee, Heung-Man,Kim, Sung Wan,Cho, Kyu-Sup,Lee, Sang Hag,Rhee, Chae-Seo,Dhong, Hun-Jong,Rha, Ki-Sang,Yoon, Joo-Heon The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical 2015 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.7 No.2
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of once-daily ciclesonide in comparison to both levocetirizine alone, and a ciclesonide/levocetirizine combination in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR).</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Subjects exhibiting moderate to severe allergic rhinitis for longer than 1 year were randomized in an open-label, 3-arm, parallel group, multicenter study. Subjects received 200 µg ciclesonide, 5 mg levocetirizine, or a combination of both. Changes from baseline until the end-of-study visit (2 weeks following) were evaluated by reflective total nasal symptom scores (rTNSSs), reflective total ocular symptom scores (rTOSSs), physician-assessed overall nasal signs and symptoms severity (PANS), and rhinoconjunctivitis quality-of-life questionnaires (RQLQ).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Significant improvements in rTNSS, PANS, and RQLQ in the ciclesonide monotherapy group were observed in comparison to the levocetirizine alone group. Three individual symptoms of rTNSS, including runny nose, nasal itching, and congestion, were improved in the ciclesonide-treated group. rTOSS scores for ciclesonide monotherapy improved from baseline, but no superiority over levocetirizine was shown. The absolute score and changes in rTNSS and PANS were positively correlated. Ciclesonide spray was more effective than levocetirizine in reducing nasal symptoms in both SAR and PAR patients. Ciclesonide and levocetrizine were well tolerated alone and in combination.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our results provide support for an AR and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) recommendation stipulating that ciclesonide is superior to levocetirizine for the treatment of AR, with tolerable safety. Addition of levocetirizine to ciclesonide did not give further clinical benefit over monotherapy.</P>
Kim, Youngsoo,Kim, Seong Hun,Kim, Kook Hwan,Chae, Sujin,Kim, Chanki,Kim, Jeongjin,Shin, Hee-Sup,Lee, Myung-Shik,Kim, Daesoo IRL Press 2015 Human molecular genetics Vol.24 No.25
<P>Really interesting new gene (RING) finger protein 170 (RNF170) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase known to mediate ubiquitination-dependent degradation of type-I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (ITPR1). It has recently been demonstrated that a point mutation of <I>RNF170</I> gene is linked with autosomal-dominant sensory ataxia (ADSA), which is characterized by an age-dependent increase of walking abnormalities, a rare genetic disorder reported in only two families. Although this mutant allele is known to be dominant, the functional identity thereof has not been clearly established. Here, we generated mice lacking <I>Rnf170</I> (<I>Rnf170<SUP>−/−</SUP></I>) to evaluate the effect of its loss of function <I>in vivo</I>. Remarkably, <I>Rnf170<SUP>−/−</SUP></I> mice began to develop gait abnormalities in old age (12 months) in the form of asynchronous stepping between diagonal limb pairs with a fixed step sequence during locomotion, while age-matched wild-type mice showed stable gait patterns using several step sequence repertoires. As reported in ADSA patients, they also showed a reduced sensitivity for proprioception and thermal nociception. Protein blot analysis revealed that the amount of Itpr1 protein was significantly elevated in the cerebellum and spinal cord but intact in the cerebral cortex in <I>Rnf170<SUP>−/−</SUP></I> mice. These results suggest that the loss of <I>Rnf170</I> gene function mediates ADSA-associated phenotypes and this gives insights on the cure of patients with ADSA and other age-dependent walking abnormalities.</P>