한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

남·북한 간의 초등학교 체육과 교육과정의 비교 연구

공기화,김수봉 부산교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2006 초등교육연구 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study was two-fold; to enhance mutual understanding by analyzing in physical education and provide basic source for an integrated in physical education for unified country. To do this, the curriculum of elementary physical education was analyzed to overcome heterogeneity and antagonism between South Korea and North Korea, and to recover homogeneity and to increase understanding each oher. The conclusions were as follow; First, the curriculum of physical education has changed 7times in the South, but in North it has been frequently changed by influences of both ideology and idolization for Il-sung Kim and Jung-il Kim. Second, in terms of curriculum goals the South has focused on realizing a wish to move, enhancing physical strength, understand knowledge about exercise and health, and fostering impassioned communists as able builders of the socialist-communist country. Third, learning content of the curriculum in the South consists of four areas for grades 3 and 4, and six areas for grades 5 and 6. In the North, walking, running, disciplinary exercise, exercising with balls, throwing, up and down, and cultural exercises are the main contents of the curriculum. Especially, it is noticeable that some kinds of exercises related to the national defense such as ocean exercise and the training for height - growing are implemented. Fourth, physical education in the south is based on the National common basic Curriculum consisting of 10 subjects, but grades 1 and 2 are run as integrated subjects; On the basis of 34 weeks, 3 hours per week, and a total of 102 hours per year. The curriculum of th North consists of 10 subjects. On the basis of 38 weeks, classes for physical education are 2 hours per week from grade 1 to grade 4; thus, a total of 76 hours per year, and 304 hours for four years. It means that physical education takes th 8.4 percent of the total subjects. Finally, in the South assessment of physical education viewed as part of a circular process of education rather than as the termination of education was breaked down in detail and systematically presented. In the North, rather than assessing physical education all the students should take compulsory The Common people Fitness Test.

Analysis of Insulation Diagnosis for Generator‑Motor Stator Winding in Pumped Storage Power Plant

Soo‑Hoh Lee,Tae‑Sik Kong,Hee‑Dong Kim 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.3

In this study, insulation diagnostic tests were conducted on pumped storage power plant (PSPP) generator-motor stator bars with artifcially simulated defects in order to improve solutions to perform preventive maintenance and track insulation diagnostic data for generator-motors by proving the efectiveness of insulation indices. Moreover, ozone (O3) concentration was estimated in order to relate it to partial discharge (PD) in laboratory to ensure the efectiveness of ozone as another index for insulation deterioration. By performing an ofine PD test and ultraviolet (UV) observation on one of the generator-motors during overhaul, and an ozone concentration measurement for the identical machine after the overhaul, it was concluded that ozone estimation could be a powerful index for insulation diagnosis under actual operational conditions. It was further developed that ozone measurement is useful to detect not only discharges in slots as mentioned in some studies but also discharges at the end-winding as proven in this study. The fndings of this study are expected to contribute to more reliable maintenance of generator-motors in PSPPs by achieving elaborate insulation diagnosis via multiple diagnostic indices.

초등학교 체육과 교육과정의 관심도와 활용도에 대한 연구

공기화,김수희 부산교육대학교 교육대학원 2003 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

The study was to define in quantify and quality the relationship of the current stages of concern and levels of use toward of the 7th physical education curriculum in elementary school as a teacher in Busan. In the quantitative research, teachers who work in Busan in total 300 are questioned to get the answers over the questions I suggested and I got 290 for the analysis. In the qualitative research the total 4 teachers. who were selected subjects who wanted to joint with pleasure. The statistic methods used for the data analysis depended upon on foctor analysis, pearson correlation, t-test. one-way ANOVA and Duncan post-test. From the analysis of data. this study reached the following conclusion. First. stages of concern over the 7th physical education curriculum of elementary school show that most teachers aren't interested in it or don't know about it. Second, the utilization level for the 7th physical education curriculum in elementary school show partly difference to statistical disproportion of population. In the sex male is placed higher level for utilization of feature. materials On the other hand, female is placed higher level for utilization of theory. method. In the teaching experienced one has, the higher level he is placed for utilization of purpose, theory, method Third. a significant difference was found between the stages of concern and levels of use toward of the 7th physical education curriculum in elemantary school. Fourth, most teacher feel so hard to teach the 7th physical education curriculum in elemantary school. These facts suggest that supplies of the teaching materials and equipment for operating the physical curriculum should be increased.

Methylene-bis-salicylaldehyde 誘導體를 基礎로한 高分子schiff鹽基의 金屬킬레이트에 關한 硏究

김공수,孟琦錫 충남대학교 1977 工業技術開發硏究所論文集 Vol.4 No.2

Several derivatives of methylene-bis-salicyladehyde were prepared by treating salicyladhyde and nitrosalicylaldehyde with trioxane in presence of sulfuric acid catalyst in acetic acid media. These methylene-bis-salicylaldehyde derivatives were converted to polymeric schiff bases with molecular weight of about 1×10^4∼1.2×10^4 by polycondensation with diamines, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine and m-phenylenediamine in tetrahydrofuran-aceticacid media. The divalent metal, Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), Co(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) chelates of polymeric schiff bases have been prepared, and their thermal stability were also studied. 1. In the preparation of methylene-bis-salicylaldehyde derivatives were also found the optimum reaction condition, and the yield of dialdehyde was related to the amount of sulfuric acid catalyst used, and a low sulfuric acid concentration helped the ratio of reactant favorable for the preparation of methylene-bis-salicylaldehyde derivatives. 2. It was evident that the electron withdrawing substituent in nitrosalicylaldehyde accerelated the rate of reaction, and in the reaction with trioxane of p-nitrosalicylaldehyde proceeded rather rapid than that of o-nitrosalicylaldehyde under the same reaction condition. 3. These metal chelates of polymeric schiff bases exhibited the maximum absorption in the 380mm∼525mm region. 3. The metal chlates of polymeric schiff bases prepared from methylene-bis-salicylaldehyde derivatives with p-, and m-phenydenediamine showed higher thermal stability and decomposed in air over 300℃. 5. The thermal stability increased in the order Co(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ), to Zn(Ⅱ) chelate of poly(3,3'-methylene-5,5-dinitro-N,N'-bis-salicylaldehyde)-p-phenylenediimine, and in the order Co(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ) to Fe(Ⅱ) chelate of poly (5,5'-methylene-3,3'-dinitro-N, N'-bis-salicylaldehyde)-p-phenylenediimine when heated in the open air at 250℃ for periods up to 3 hrs.

우리나라에서 근로자의 성과와 이직간의 관계는 정적인가, 부적인가, U자형인가?

김공수 군산대학교 지역개발연구소 1999 地域開發硏究 Vol.11 No.-

This study reexamined the critical relationship between job performance and voluntary turnover. Like suggestion by Schwab(1991) and Trevor etc.(1997), the relationship pattern between performance and turnover depends on external and internal factors. First factor is distinction about truly voluntary turnover or nonvolitional turnover. Second factor is that employee performance in one organization is observable to, and demanded by, organization in the relevant external labor market. Third factor is organizational reward system. And fourth factor is flexibility of external labor market. The relationship between job performance and voluntary turnover in Korea is neither negative relationship nor positive relationship nor curvilinear relationship because labor market in Korea is not flexible, the ratio of incentive in total wage is not big, and the promotion depends on seniority dominantly.

트리클로로초산풀퍼릴의 염소화反應 : Chlorination of Furfuryl Trichloroacetate

金澤泳,김공수 成均館大學校 1967 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

3급 아민(피리민, 트리에틸 아민) 존재하에 플퍼릴 알코오올에 트리클로로 아세틸 클로라이드 또는 트리클로로 무수초산을 작용시켜 합성한 플퍼릴 트리클로로 아세테이트의 염소화 반응조건 및 염소화물의 산, 알카리 및 광선 온도에 대한 영향을 조사하였다. Furfuryl trichloroacetate, which synthesized using furfuryl alcohol and anhydrous trichloroacetic acid or trichloroacetyl chloride in the solution of tertiary amine (Pyridine, Teiethyl amine) and benzene, has been chlorinated in the presence of Iodine or anhydrous Aluminium chloride. Chlorinated product was to be stable and could separated by vacuum distillation without decomposition at low temperature. But as the lower chlorinated product could be detected at high temperature, the results show that the chlorinated product might be decomposed to the lower one at the high temperature.

기능성 킬레이트 고분자 Ⅳ -VSA-VP-DVB 킬레이트 수지의 이온교환 특성-

김공수, 심상무, 김경호, 김영식 忠北大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

-본문참고-

지식사회에서의 조직구조 설계방안에 관한 연구

김공수 군산대학교 지역개발연구소 2000 地域開發硏究 Vol.12 No.-

Firms face with new challenges and crises resulting from the hyper-turbulent and chaotic environments. They must search for new management paradigms for surviving and overcoming these threats. The purpose of this study is to describe the organization structure of knowledge-based society in 21C. We can expect that the locus of organizational exemplars has shifted from capital-intensive industries to information-intensive industries and now toward innovation-driven industries where competitive advantage lies mostly in the effective use of human resources. And each major era in industries history has featured a particular form of organization. Early hierarchical, vertically integrated organization have largely given way to network organizations that link the assets and know-how of numerous upstream and downstream industry partners. A number of leading companies today are experimenting with a new way of organizing, self-organizing form. Self-organizing form are built on the design principles of holographic system that are included the principle of redundant functions, the principle of requisite variety, the principle of learning to learn and the principle of minimum critical specification. In the future, holographic organization will be used in situations requiring continuous learning and innovation.

오존을 이용한 고도 정수처리에 관한 연구

공성호,김용수,이만호,김호 漢陽大學校 環境工學硏究所 1998 環境科學論文集 Vol.19 No.-

오존은 강력한 산화력을 이용하여 원수중의 미량 유기물질의 성상을 변화시켜 제거시킴으로 해서 THM 전구물질이나 악취물질의 제거에 효과적이다. 그러나 오존은 오염물질을 분해 또는 변화시키는 기능을 갖고 있지만 오염물질을 완전히 제거하는 것이 주목적이 아니기 때문에 오존처리 후에는 활성탄 흡착을 거치도록 하는 것이 일반적이다. 또한 오존은 살균효과가 우수하면서도 THM 등의 미량 유기염소화합물을 생성하지 않는 장점이 있어 대체 살균제로 사용되나 전류성이 없어 대체 살균제로 사용할 경우 급수망에서의 살균을 위해 염소소독을 추가로 실시해 급수망에서 잔류염소를 유지하도록 해야 한다. Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent that can change properties of trace organic compounds in source water. It can also remove THM precursor or control odor. Although ozone has an ability to degrade contaminants, main purpose of using ozone is not complete destruction of contaminants. After ozone treatment treated water is generally treated with activated carbon absorption process. When ozone is used as a disinfectant. chlorine should be added to water to maintain residual chlorine in distribution lines because ozone disappear very rapidly.