타액 오염이 One bottle 상아질 결합제의 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

전형준,김종수,권순원 大韓小兒齒科學會 2001 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.28 No.4

법랑질과 상아질에 대한 접착시스템의 결합력은 타액이나 혈액에 의하여 저하될 수 있다. 제 5세대 상아질 결합제 적용시에 산부식된 치면이 타액에 오염될 경우, 보다 효율적인 치면 처리 방법을 알아보기 위해 여러 가지 치면 처리 방법과 조건을 설정한 다음 수복물의 유지력을 전단결합강도 측정으로 서로 비교 분석하고, 치아와 수복물 사이의 계면을 주사전자 현미경을 이용해 관찰하였다. 그 결과 우치상아질의 산부식후 타액오염된 경우, 물로 10초간 세척한 후 공기로 가볍게 건조하여 수복하면 전단결합강도의 감소가 일어나지 않았으나, Prime & Bond NT의 광중합후에 타액오염된 경우에는 물로 10초간 세척한 후 공기로 완전히 건조를 하여도 레진과의 결합력이 매우 약해지며 Prime & Bond NT를 재적용하더라고 전단결합강도의 상당한 감소를 보였으며, 주사전자 현미경 관찰결과 모든 군에서 유사한 혼화층과 레진태그의 형성을 보였으며 특이할만한 각 군간의 차이를 관찰할 수 없었다. For decades it has been a clinically accepted requirement, in case of salivary contamination, to re-etch conditioned enamel and dentin to proceed with the adhesive technique. Only a few reports have been so far dealing with the potential of one-bottle adhesive system to bond even when applied after salivary contamination and without re-etching. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the salivary contamination on the shear bond strength of dentin. The results were as follows: 1. In group Ⅱ, in which saliva contamination ans washing occurred before applying of Prime & Bond NT showed high shear bond strength as in control group. In Group Ⅲ and Ⅳ, in which the cured adhesive was contaminated with saliva, showed significantly lower mean bond strength. 2. Relating long resin tags of 70~120㎛ were observed in samples of all groups under SEM. We could observed hybrid layer, resin tag and many lateral branches in every group. And there were no differences between groups.

비정부기구(NGO)의 탈북자 지원 경험 분석 및 개선 방향

전우택,윤덕룡,강성록,김형중,민성길 연세대학교 통일연구원 2001 통일연구 Vol.5 No.1

Objectives: Since 1994, the number of North Korean defectors, escaping North Korea and entering South Korea, has increased rapidly.As the number of defectors has increased the role of non-governmental organizations(NGOs) in assisting the defectors' adaptation to their new society has become more important.To increase the successfulness and effectiveness of NGO activities, their experiences were surveyed and analyzed. Methods: Representatives or acting staffs of 11 NGOs presently supporting North Korean defectors' adaptation to South Korean society were interviewed by researchers between June 21 and October 14, 2000.And one focus group discussion meeting with 26 NGO personnel from 13 NGOs was held on November 4, 2000. Results: As for their stated purpose of activity; to help defectors become good citizens (7), to transform defectors into mediate personnel between North and South Korea (5), to protect the human rights of the North Korean people (3), and th advocate their religions (3).Out of the 11 organizations, only 5 had their own educational program for volunteers.The contents of the NGO's support for volunteers were as follows; counseling (7), introduction of employment and job education (6), direct financial support (5), creation of one-to-one relationships (4), assistance for their religious life (2), assistance with English study and mathematics (1), and medical service (1).NGOs listed the following difficulties; financial (7), human relationship with defectors (6), lack of volunteers and management of them (4), problems in the relationship with the South Korean government (3).NGOs stated a need for close cooperation with other NGOs, involving the activation of NGOs Association (5), and co-operative joint actions (4).Conclusion: Firstly, NGOs need to specialize in their field of activity.Their lack of specialized areas and of ability is the man obstacles to NGOs intercooperation and a major impediment on their effective operation.Secondly, NGOs should be careful in their direct financial support to defectors, because such a form of support has many serious governmental cooperation.The government also needs to have a more open mind in its dealings with NGOs.Fourthly, NGOs should cooperate, especially in areas of joint concern such as volunteer education program.Fifthly, NGOs should pay attention to their volunteers' personnel management and development.Sixthly, NGOs need to increase the degree of activeness with which defectors seek support from NGOs.Usually, it is the NGOs, which play an active role in the support process, so that defectors become passive and dependent leading to many problems.

전자화폐 보급·확산에 따른 향후 조세정책방향에 대한 연구 : 탈세모형을 중심으로

전형준,이만우,박기홍 한국재정.공공경제학회 2003 재정논집 Vol.17 No.2

본 논문에서는 기존 문헌들에서 구체적으로 다루어지지 못했던 전자화폐 등장으로 인한 조세회피(tax avoidance) 및 탈세 (tax evasion) 등에 관한 연구, 즉 기존의 지불·결제수단과 다른 특징을 가진 전자화폐의 등장 및 새로운 정보통신기술의 발달, 그리고 온라인(on-line)상에서의 상거래 및 금융거래의 보편화와 같은 경제환경의 변화등과 관련하여 조세관련 문제의 증가가능성을 탈세모형을 이용하여 이론적으로 살펴보고, 이에 따른 앞으로의 조세정책방향을 제시하고자 한다. As commerce move to the Internet, the age of electronic money surely will not be far behind. What the tax authorities finds there, however is an environment that poses some fairly fundamental challenges to long-held principles of tax administration and tax policy. What is worse, moving money at the speed of light to any place in the world anonymously over the Internet will soon be as easy as a few keystrokes on your personal computer. Such anonymous money movements substantially increase the potential that the size of the identifiable tax base will be diminished. Government tax authorities are challenged and threatened by this new technology. The danger is that if the current tax system is retained, government will become even more intrusive as it tries to stop tax avoidance, tax evasion, and money laundering etc. we should know that "the more the government tries to tax regulate, control, and confiscate, the greater the incentive for the problems associated with the use of electronic money-tax avoidance, tax evasion, money laundering etc." This paper discusses possible consequences of electronic money from the view of taxation and shows the theoretical analysis in income tax evasion. Our studies suggest future tax policy direction for electronic money. First. we should pay attention to change of taxation environment as a result of electronic money. Second, we should all work together to secure resonable tax base and tax revenue with the combination of low tax rate to get more compliance behavior of tax payers. Third, we should know that long-held principles of tax administration and tax policy may be required adjusting the principles to apply them to Internet transaction and electronic money.

세포학적인 검사를 통해 자궁경부암의 조기 발견과 합리적인 병원내 산부인과의 운영 체계에 관한 고찰

김태전,배형준,김종열 서울보건대학 1996 서울보건대학 부설 병원경영연구소 논문집 Vol.2 No.1

In this study, the authers have investigated a true appreciation on the importance and the actual conditions of utilization of cytologic examination in gynecologic services with 3 step, that is, in 1 step the importance of cytologic examination in gynecologic services has been investigated from the results of 4,024 female of cytologic examination, in 2 step the actual conditions of utilization of cytologic examination have been investigated from 60 medical institutes through questionaire, and in 3 step the more detailed subjects of cytologic examination in gynecologic services have been investigated from 3 medical institutes selected randomly, such an investigations were done to make the programs of improvement in order to promote the activation of gynecologic medical services that shall be able to decrease occurrence of uterine cervical cancer, which is still the most prevalent cancer in korean female, and to make those on effective diagnosis and treatment activaton that shall be able to increase the income of medical institutes. The programs of improvement according to conclusions obtained from investigations like these were summarized as the following. 1. Program to activate positively cytologic examination It was well known that good correlation was noted between number of cytologic examination and those of histologic examination, those of gynecology procedures, and those of gynecologic surgeries. But it was a fact that a most of gynecology board certified physicians and physicians, and medical institutes have not utilized actively cytologic examination in gynecologic practice. Therefore all of married woman should be had politically cytologic examination at regular intervals in order to prevent and detect early uterine cervical cancer. 2. Program to establish exclusively responsible managed systems Managed systems that are exclusively responsible for cytologic examination should be established in order to have examination at regular intervals exactly(six months). 3. Program to utilize correctly the current medical insurance regulations about medical treatment charges The medical charges of cytologic exmination should be applied correctly to the current medical insurance regulations about medical treatment charges in order to increase the income of medical institutes. Because the medical charges of cytologic examination for the levels of medical check up and preventive medicin exception cancer or clinically suspicious cancer diagnosed by physicians is applicable to general medical treatment charges under the current medical insurance regulations. 4. Program to utilize reasonable diagnostic system in cytologic examination. Since certificated technologist screen first thing many microscopic slides for cytologic examination, lastly gynecologic board should make a final diagnosis on only abnormal slides. It is reasonable diagnostic system that can observe more microscopic slides, decrease misdiagnosis and high personnel expenses, and increase income in cytologic examination. Consequently it is necerssary to establish reasonable diagnostic system. 5. Program in order to promote the efficiency of the following examination and treatment system for patients to whom abnormal cell were detected. The following examination and treatment system that were corresponded with diagnosis, and automated and standardized system from receipt to gynecologic practice should be established to offer patients ease and trust, and also medical institutes the more income through the activation of gynecologic practice. Finally, the authers think that it is very important that cytologic examination should be included in routine gynecologic practice.

핀의 최적 설계를 위한 구조화 표본추출 적용 연구

박홍준,김정호,전형주 순천대학교 2000 순천대학교 자연과학논문집 Vol.19 No.1

The Taguchi method by orthogonal array, one of the structured sampling methods, has many advantages which are row cost and time saving for experiments and researches. But this method has applied limited area especially about mechanical problems. So, we experimented whether the structured sampling is useful to apply optimal design of mechanical elements. First, we made a mechanical problem to determine optimal parameters of a pin with a hole. The second, we calculated combination of optimal parameters by simulation. At the same time, we seeked optimal combination by structured sampling using orthogonal array and ANOVA(Analysis of Variance). The last, we compared these two results. The experimental result have shown that the structured sampling method seeked optimal parameters exactly. So, we see some possibility in this application.

병원내 생리기능 검사실의 적정 업무환경에 관한 연구

배형준,윤기은,김승곤,나동진,문희주,김태전,박정오 서울보건대학 1999 서울보건대학 부설 병원경영연구소 논문집 Vol.4 No.2

The purpose of this study was to suggest guideline for optimal work environment of physiological laboratory in hospital. Therefore this study was carried out to analyze the actual condition of laboratory system, major equipments and persons. The period of survey was from September to November 1997 and the objects were 123 laboratory. The major results of this study were as follows. 1. The optimal areas of general ECG room, exercise ECG room and echocardiology room were all 9-18㎡, that of Holter ECG room was 3-12㎡. The optimal areas of neurosystem laboratory were all 9-12㎡, those of respiratory system laboratory were all 9-18㎡. 2. The optimal number of persons laboratory of hospital 500 beds and less were 2∼3, those of 501∼700 beds were 3∼4.701∼1.000 beds were 4∼5 and over 1.001 beds were 7∼8 persons in circulatory system laboratory. The optimal number of persons laboratory of hospital 500 beds less than were 1∼2, those of 501∼700 beds were 3∼4, 701∼1.000 beds were 6∼7 and over 1.001 beds were over 8 persons in neurosystem laboratory. The optimal number of persons laboratory of hospital 500 beds and less 1. those 501∼1.000 beds were 1∼2 and over 1.001 beds were 2∼3 persons in repiratory system laboratory. 3. The optimal number of equipments of general ECG were 2∼3 in the 500∼1.000 beds hospital. there were 3∼4 units in the 1,001 beds. The optimal number of equipment EEG were both 1∼2 in the hospital 500 beds and less and 501∼700 beds. those were 4∼5 units in hospital over 701 beds. The optimal number of equipments of spirograph were both 1∼2 in the hospital 500 and less and 501∼1.000 beds. those were 2∼3 units in the over 1.001 beds. 4. In view of speciality and legal problem of physiofunctional test. we sugget that non-licensee were so quickly change place licensee in the interests of optimal work environment. 5. We suggest that to upgrade qualitative level of domestic equipment and to the more amplify utilization with respect to domestic equipment for the purpose of reducing loss of foreign money.

변형된 Radial 기반 신경회로망을 이용한 다중 물체 검출 및 세그멘테이션

金柱慶,全俊亨,金鎭浩 慶一大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.13 No.2

본 논문에서는 변형된 RBF 신경회로망을 이용하여 다중 물체에 대한 사전 정보 없이도 효과적으로 다중 물체를 검출 및 분리할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘에서는 대칭성을 잘 반영하는 RBF 신경회로망으로 GST(generalized symmetry transform)를 구현하기 위해 서로 대칭인 위치에 존재하는 화소들이 에지 방향성분 차이를 MRBNN의 입력으로 하고, 대칭인 화소간 거리의 함수로 가중치를 설정함으로써 대칭성이 충분히 반영될 수 있도록 하였다. 또한, 입력영상에 대한 경계선 추출 영상을 피라미드 구조로 계층화 한 후, 피라미드 구조의 각 단계에 MRBNN을 적용함으로서 고정된 크기의 대칭 마스크로도 물체 검출 및 분리가 동시에 가능하도록 하였다 여러 물체가 혼재하는 실영상에 대해 실험해 본 결과 물체의 중심 추출을 통한 물체검출 및 물체 분리가 효과적으로 이루어짐을 확인할 수 있었다.

A Study on Protection of Maternal Antibody against Hantavirus in Rats

우영대,--,--,--,--,-- 대한의생명과학회 2005 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.11 No.1

The etiologic agents of haemorragic fever with ranal syndrom (HFRS) in Korea are Hantaan and Seoul virus in the genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae. In order to elucidate the role of maternal immunity to Hantavirus infection in rats, the protective effect of the maternal antibody were studies by using rats experimentally infected with Seoul virus strain HR80-39. Antibody titers of sera and viral antigen against Seoul virus were investigated by indirect immunofluorscence antibody technique (IFA). The dam sera had IFA antibody titers ranging from 1:128 to 1:1,024 after parturition. In fetuses, IFA antibody titers ranged from 1:16 to 1:64 just after birth, increased to peak titers ranged from 1:256 to 1:1,024 in the 2nd week after birth. Challenged newborn rats had IFA antibody titers ranging from 1:64 to 1:1,024 after inoculation. No viral antigen was detected in lungs or other organs of the newborn rats. The maternal antibody to Seoul virus was transferred prenatally through placenta and postnatally via colostrum from immune dams to their offspring. These results demonstrated that maternal antibody to Seoul virus was quite effective in protecting newborn rats against same virus infection.

Concurrent Edge Detection and Prominent Edge Enhancement Using a Cooperative Neural Network

Joon Hyung Jeon,Heung Moon Choi 대한전자공학회 1994 대한전자공학회 Proceedings Vol.1994 No.-

Wheel Balanced Cancer Therapy for Longer Than 21 Days Can Have a Positive Effect on the Survival of Patients with Stage IV Cancer

Jeon, Hyung-Joon,Kim, Jong-min,Cho, Chong-kwan,Lee, Yeon-weol,Yoo, Hwa-seung KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2015 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.18 No.3

Objectives: Correlations of the levels of the nonspecific inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and of the coagulation marker fibrinogen with the treatment period of wheel balanced cancer therapy were determined. Methods: Electronic charts of stage IV cancer patients hospitalized from February 1, 2008, to November 30, 2013, were reviewed retrospectively. Patients whose laboratory follow-up tests included at least two data points for at least one marker were included. Patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy or having Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) levels exceeding 2 were excluded. Correlations of the markers with the length of treatment for treatment periods ${\geq}21$ and ${\leq}20$ days were determined by gender and whether or not surgery had been performed. Results: Analyses of the CRP and the ESR revealed a higher proportion of patients with stable marker levels than with increased or decreased levels. Also, only the ESR in female and the CRP in male groups had higher proportions of patients with stable marker levels than with increased or decreased levels. The ${\geq}21$ day group had a higher proportion of patients with stable CRP and ESR levels than the ${\leq}20$ days group. Only the ESR in female and the CRP in male groups had higher proportions of patients with stable marker levels in the ${\geq}21$ day than in the ${\leq}20$ day group. In addition, only the CRP in the surgery group and the ESR in the non-surgery group had higher proportions of patients with stable marker levels in the ${\geq}21$ day group than in the ${\leq}20$ day group. Conclusion: For stage IV cancer patients at hospitals that offer Korean medicine, more than 21 days of long-term wheel balanced cancer therapy (WBCT) should help maintain the CRP and the ESR levels and should have a favorable effect on the survival rate.