<i>In vivo</i> genotoxicity evaluation of lung cells from Fischer 344 rats following 28 days of inhalation exposure to MWCNTs, plus 28 days and 90 days post-exposure

Kim, Jin Sik,Sung, Jae Hyuck,Choi, Byung Gil,Ryu, Hyeon Yeol,Song, Kyung Seuk,Shin, Jae Hoon,Lee, Jong Seong,Hwang, Joo Hwan,Lee, Ji Hyun,Lee, Gun Ho,Jeon, Kisoo,Ahn, Kang Ho,Yu, Il Je Informa Healthcare 2014 INHALATION TOXICOLOGY Vol. No.

<P>Despite their useful physico-chemical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) continue to cause concern over occupational and human health due to their structural similarity to asbestos. Thus, to evaluate the toxic and genotoxic effect of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on lung cells <I>in vivo</I>, eight-week-old rats were divided into four groups (each group = 25 animals), a fresh air control (0 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>), low (0.17 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>), middle (0.49 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>), and high (0.96 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>) dose group, and exposed to MWCNTs <I>via</I> nose-only inhalation 6 h per day, 5 days per week for 28 days. The count median length and geometric standard deviation for the MWCNTs determined by TEM were 330.18 and 1.72 nm, respectively, and the MWCNT diameters ranged from 10 to 15 nm. Lung cells were isolated from five male and five female rats in each group on day 0, day 28 (only from males) and day 90 following the 28-day exposure. The total number of animals used was 15 male and 10 female rats for each concentration group. To determine the genotoxicity of the MWCNTs, a single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay) was conducted on the rat lung cells. As a result of the exposure, the olive tail moments were found to be significantly higher (<I>p</I> < 0.05) in the male and female rats from all the exposed groups when compared with the fresh air control. In addition, the high-dose exposed male and middle and high-dose exposed female rats retained DNA damage, even 90 days post-exposure (<I>p</I> < 0.05). To investigate the mode of genotoxicity, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, TGF- β, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ) were also measured. For the male rats, the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> levels were significantly higher in the middle (0 days post-exposure) and high- (0 days and 28 days post-exposure) dose groups (<I>p</I> < 0.05). Conversely, the female rats showed no changes in the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> levels. The inflammatory cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid did not show any statistically significant difference. Interestingly, the short-length MWCNTs deposited in the lung cells were persistent at 90 days post-exposure. Thus, exposing lung cells to MWCNTs with a short tube length may induce genotoxicity.</P>

Anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenol-rich extract from the red alga Callophyllis japonica in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages

Ryu, BoMi,Choi, Il-Whan,Qian, Zhong-Ji,Heo, Soo-Jin,Kang, Do-Hyung,Oh, Chulhong,Jeon, You-Jin,Jang, Chul Ho,Park, Won Sun,Kang, Kyong-Hwa,Je, Jae-Young,Kim, Se-Kwon,Kim, Young-Mog,Ko, Seok-Chun,Kim, G The Korean Society of Phycology 2014 ALGAE Vol.29 No.4

Despite the extensive literature on marine algae over the past few decades, a paucity of published research and studies exists on red algae. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential therapeutic properties of the ethanol extract of the red alga Callophyllis japonica against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage inflammation. The C. japonica extract (CJE) significantly inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) production and the induced dose-dependent reduction of the protein and mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Additionally, the CJE reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6. We investigated the mechanism by which the CJE inhibits NO by examining the level of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation, which is an inflammation-induced signaling pathway in macrophages. The CJE significantly suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 MAPK. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that the CJE inhibits LPS-induced inflammation by blocking the MAPK pathway in macrophages.

뇌하수체 종양 제거술 시행 후 뒤늦게 발생한 횡문근 융해증과 동반된 중추성 열

장제혁,최규남,김일환,노은지,김윤정,유충헌,고정해,박봉수,김태균,권민정,이순희,박정현 인제대학교 2008 仁濟醫學 Vol.29 No.-

Body temperature is controlled by thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus. We report a case of 24 years old man with central fever. He was subjected to a partial excision of pituitary tumor compressing optic chiasm four years ago. He has received hormonal therapy for panhypothyroidism after removal of pituitary tumor. And He received gamma knife operation for partially contrast-enhancing masses in suprasellar and both hypothalamic areas that is probably postoperatively remnant or recurrent tumor of pituitary adenoma. One year after gamma knife operation, he presented with a febrile syndrome of unknown origin including rhabdomyolysis. All usual investigations proved negative. We diagnosed him as central fever with rhabdomyolysis. He received medical ICU care with cooling bed, ice pack. And his symptom improved. Postoperative hyperthermia may result following resection of the pituitary tumor. When central fever is suspected taking note of past history, a quick recognition of course of fever can help reduce the using of unnecessary antibiotics and hospital stay.

만성 C형 간염 환자에서 페그인터페론 알파2a와 리바비린 병합 치료중 발생한 벨마비 1예

김일환,장제혁,유충헌,최규남,고정해,김윤정,서광원,김지현,박성재,박은택,이연재,이상혁,설상영 인제대학교 2008 仁濟醫學 Vol.29 No.-

페그인터페론과 리바비린 병합요법은 만성 C형 간염의 일차 치료법이다. 저자들은 만성 C형 간염 환자에서 페그인터페론 과 리바비린 병합 요법 중에 발생한 벨마비 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 환자는 5년 전부터 만성 C형 간염을 앓아온 48세 남자이며, PEG-IFN α-2a 135μgm 피하주사 주1회와 하루 1200㎎의 리바비린을 투여하였다. 치료시작 후 9개월째 환자는 오른쪽 안면의 근력약화를 호소하였으며 벨마비로 진단되었다. 페그인터페론과 리바비린 병합요법을 지속하면서 관찰하였다. 환자의 벨마비는 페그인터페론 치료를 중단하지 않았음에도 3개월후 증상이 회복되고 이후 벨마비 재발 없이 현재 경과관찰 중이다. 만성 C형 간염에서 페그인터페론과 리바비린 병합 요법시 벨마비의 발생 가능성을 염두에 두어야 하겠다. A Case of Bell's Palsy Associated with Combination Therapy of Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2a (PEG-IFN) and Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Pegylated interferon alfa(PEG-IFN α) and ribavirin therapy is the first line treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Mild complications of the therapy are common, but more serious complications are rare. We report here a case of Bell's palsy that occurred in a patient with chronic hepatitis C virus infection during combination therapy of PEG-IFN α-2a and ribavirin. The patient was 49-year-old man with chronic hepatitis C (genotype 1b) for 8 years. He had compensated liver cirrhosis with splenomegaly. Therapy with PEG-IFN α- 2a 135mcg/week and ribavirin 1200mg/day was initiated. After 9 months of the therapy, the patient showed a loss of muscular tone on the right side of his face. A diagnosis of Bell's palsy was made. The Bell's palsy resolved over 3 months despite continuation of the combination therapy.

A Primary Ossifying Intracranial Myxoma Arising from the Ethmoid Sinus

Je Il Ryu,정진환,김재민,김충현 대한신경외과학회 2015 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.58 No.3

Myxomas are rare benign tumors that originate from mesenchymal tissue. They usually develop in the atrium of the heart, the skin, subcutaneous tissue, or bone. Involvement of the skull base with an intracranial extension is very rare and not well-described in the literature. We report a rare case of primary intracranial ossifying myxoma arising from the anterior skull base and mimicking a huge chondrosarcoma, and we review the relevant literature.

A Primary Ossifying Intracranial Myxoma Arising from the Ethmoid Sinus

Ryu, Je Il,Cheong, Jin Hwan,Kim, Jae Min,Kim, Choong Hyun The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2015 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.46 No.6

Myxomas are rare benign tumors that originate from mesenchymal tissue. They usually develop in the atrium of the heart, the skin, subcutaneous tissue, or bone. Involvement of the skull base with an intracranial extension is very rare and not well-described in the literature. We report a rare case of primary intracranial ossifying myxoma arising from the anterior skull base and mimicking a huge chondrosarcoma, and we review the relevant literature.

Co-expression of Survivin and Bcl-2 in Primary Brain Tumors : Their Potential Effect on Anti-apoptosis

Ryu, Je-Il,Kim, Choong-Hyun,Cheong, Jin-Hwan,Bak, Koang-Hum,Kim, Jae-Min,Oh, Suck-Jun The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2006 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.40 No.1

Objective : Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein[IAP], which inhibits apoptosis through a pathway distinct from the Bcl-2 family members. Overexpression of survivin and Bcl-2 have been commonly reported in human neoplasms. The authors investigate whether there is a synergistic effect on the anti-apoptosis rate of primary brain tumors "in situ" based on the co-expression of survivin and Bcl-2. Methods : One hundred and two brain tumor patients who had been resected were included in this study. Survivin tin and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blotting analysis, while apoptosis was examined by DNA fragmentation analysis. An anti-apoptotic rate was assessed in these brain tumor samples based on the expression of survivin and Bcl-2 or co-expression of both. Results : Survivin and Bcl-2 were expressed in 57[55.9%] and 53[52.0%] of 102 brain tumor samples studied respectively, and co-expressed in 31[30.4%]. The percentage of astrocytic and meningeal tumors expressing survivin was significantly correlated with histological grades; however, Bcl-2 was not correlated [p=0.106]. The anti-apoptotic rate in primary brain tumors with survivin, Bcl-2, and both was detected in 49[86.0%] of 57 samples, 42[79.9%] of 53 samples, and 27[87.1%] of 31 samples, respectively. Their difference in the frequency of anti-apoptosis was not significant. Conclusion : Survivin or Bcl-2 is involved in the anti-apoptosis. However, it suggests that co-expression of survivin and Bcl-2, together, have no synergistic effect on the anti-apoptotic properties of the primary brain tumors.

바이모달트램의 자동운전시스템 설계

류제(Ryu Je),황병일(Hwang Byoung-Il),이상남(Lee Sang-Nam),류희문(Ryu Hee-Moon),변윤섭(Byun Yeun-Sub) 한국철도학회 2008 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

Bi-modal tram is a new conceptual transit mean for public transportation integrating thoroughfare and railroad vehicle’s characteristics together. This paper describes about a software design which will be applied to an automatic driving system, which is called NCS (Navigation Control System), considering such multiplicity of mechanical characteristic. The NCS adopts propulsion, braking, and direction control functions for a tram and utilizes various sensors to fully take control over such functions. In this paper, we defined and analyzed the capabilities of the NCS. Those capabilities are designed with a UML 2.0 based object-oriented modeling technique. Moreover, to ensure the complete operation of such capabilities, a communication protocol (which is capable of controlling sensors, propulsion, brakes, and traveling directions) is designed here. Throughout the paper, firstly, all the NCS related functions are discussed in accordance with the equipments they are belonged to; secondly the UML modeling application techniques for the defined functions and protocols for the communications between equipments are introduced; and lastly a validation process for the design specifications is going to be discussed.

바이모달 저상굴절차량의 자동운전시스템을 위한 시뮬레이터 구현

류제(Ryu Je),황병일(Hwang Byoung-Il),이상남(Lee Sang-Nam),류희문(Ryu Hee-Moon),변윤섭(Byun Yeun-Sub) 한국철도학회 2009 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.5월

This paper discusses about the implementation of a simulator for the Navigation Control System(NCS) of bimodal tram. To operate a NCS of bimodal tram, values of all sorts of sensors installed in bimodal tram should be transmitted to the NCS, and the NCS calculates the measured sensor values to determine traveling direction, traveling speed, current position etc. The implementation of the simulator consists of a device applying driver’s input transaction function & virtual sensor program and a sub-rack device that controls communication with the NCS to evaluate navigation control function. The virtual sensor program can create routes (map), traveling profiles & seat information et cetera in order to transmit to the NCS, analyzes driver's input values and NCS output values to create virtual sensor values. The sub-rack device takes charge of communication with the NCS using CAN-OPEN, CAN-J1939, MVP protocols. This paper discusses about the implementation of the simulator and afterwards analyzes and evaluates the NCS simulation results.

지연성 외상성 뇌실질내 출혈 환자의 치료를 결정하는 임상적, 영상학적 예후인자에 대한 평가

류제일 ( Je Il Ryu ),김충현 ( Choong Hyun Kim ),김재민 ( Jae Min Kim ),정진환 ( Jin Hwan Cheong ) 대한외상학회 2015 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.28 No.4

Purpose: Delayed, traumatic, intraparenchymal hemorrhage (DTIPH) is a well-known contributing factor to secondary brain damage that evokes severe brain edema and intracranial hypertension. Once it has occurred, it adversely affects the patient’s outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognosis factors for DTIPH by comparing clinical, radiological and hematologic results between two groups of patients according to whether surgical treatment was given or not. Methods: The author investigated 26 patients who suffered DTIPH during the recent consecutive five-year period. The 26 patients were divided according to their having undergone either a decompressive craniectomy (n=20) or continuous conservative treatment (n=6). A retrospective investigation was done by reviewing their admission records and radiological findings. Results: This incidence of DTIPH was 6.6% among the total number of patients admitted with head injuries. The clinical outcome of DTIPH was favorable in 9 of the 26 patients (34.6%) whereas it was unfavorable in 17 patients (65.4%). The patients with coagulopathy had an unexceptionally high rate of mortality. Among the variables, whether the patient had undergone a decompressive craniectomy, the patient’s preoperative clinical status, and the degree of midline shift had significant correlations with the ultimate outcome. Conclusion: In patients with DTIPH, proper evaluation of preoperative clinical grading and radiological findings can hamper deleterious secondary events because it can lead to a swift and proper decompressive craniectomy to reduce the intracranial pressure. Surgical decompression should be carefully selected, paying attention to the patient’s accom-panying injury and hematology results, especially thrombocytopenia, in order to improve the patient’s neurologic outcomes. [ J Trauma Inj 2015; 28: 223-231 ]