Thermal durability and fracture behavior of layered Yb-Gd-Y-based thermal barrier coatings in thermal cyclic exposure

Jung, Sung-Hoon,Lu, Zhe,Jung, Yeon-Gil,Song, Dowon,Paik, Ungyu,Choi, Baig-Gyu,Kim, In-Soo,Guo, Xingye,Zhang, Jing Elsevier 2017 Surface & coatings technology Vol.323 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The effects of structural design on the thermal durability and fracture behavior of Yb-Gd-Y-based thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were investigated through thermal cyclic exposure tests, such as furnace cyclic thermal fatigue (FCTF) and jet engine thermal shock (JETS) tests. The effects of composition in the bond coat and feedstock purity for the buffer layer on its lifetime performance were also examined. To overcome the drawbacks of Yb-Gd-Y-based material with inferior thermal durability due to poor mechanical properties and low coefficient of thermal expansion, a buffer layer was introduced in the Yb-Gd-Y-based TBC systems. In FCTF tests, the TBCs with the buffer layer showed a longer lifetime performance than those without the buffer layer, showing the longest thermal durability in the TBC with the Co-Ni-based bond coat and the buffer layer of regular purity. In JETS tests, the TBC with the Ni-based bond coat and the buffer layer of high purity showed a sound condition after 2000cycles, showing better thermal durability for TBC with the Co-Ni-based bond coat rather than that with the Ni-based bond coat in the single layer coating without the buffer layer. The buffer layer effectively enhanced the thermal durability in slow temperature change (in the FCTF test), while the bond-coat composition and the feedstock purity for the buffer layer were found to be important factor to improve the thermal durability of the TBC in fast temperature change (in the JEET test). Finally, these research findings allow us to control the structure, composition, and feedstock purity in TBC system for improving the thermal durability in cyclic thermal environments.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Thermal durability and interface stability in Yb–Gd–Y-based TBCs was investigated. </LI> <LI> New architectures of TBC were designed and prepared by introducing a buffer layer. </LI> <LI> Cyclic thermal exposure tests were employed in determining thermal durability. </LI> <LI> Buffer layer improved the thermal durability of TBC in slow temperature change. </LI> <LI> TBCs with high purity buffer layer showed partial delamination in fast temperature change. </LI> </UL> </P>

만성 실질성 간질환 환자 혈청에서 Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor 및 Angiogenin 농도의 변동

백인규(In Kyu Paik),이숭환(Soong Hwan Lee),조윤주(Yun Ju Cho),이성희(Sung Hee Lee),김홍주(Hong Ju Kim),남승우(Seung Woo Nam),고희관(Hee Kwan Koh),이창범(Chang Beom Lee),박동일(Dong Il Park),조영중(Yong Jung Cho) 대한소화기학회 1996 대한소화기학회지 Vol.28 No.6

N/A Background/Aims: Liver fibrosis by the progression of the chronic process of the liver disease induces deformed microcirculations of the hepatic lobules and this eventually resulted in portal hypertension. Angiogenic stimulant factors are physiologically activated in order to repair the tissue damage. Overexpression of angiogenic factors, however, can stimulate neovascularization as in a formation of the hypervascular tumor that liberates uncontrolled overgrowing of the tumor cells. To elucidate the dynamic changes of the serum concentration of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) and angiogenin in chronic liver diseases, this study is intended to employ an ELISA out of pathologically proven patients. Methods: Sera taken out of the 44 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis(5 cases), chronic active hepatitis(6 cases), liver cirrhosis(19 cases) and hepatocellular carcinoma(14 cases) were tested for bFGF and angiogenin employing Quantikine' ELISA Kits (R & D Systems Inc. Minneapolis, MN) that pathological diagnosis was proven )ater. The statistical analysis was evaluated by students t-test. Results: Serum mean value and standar<I error of bFGF concentration(pg/ml) was 11.851.98 in 19 cases of liver cirrhosis, 9.86+2.35 in 14 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 9.48+4.57 in 6 cases of chronic active hepatitis, and 8.29+2.63 in 5 cases of chronic persistent hepatitis. Mean value and standard error of angiogenin concentration (ng/ml) of the sera was 238.92+50.95 in 5 cases of chronic persistent hepatitis, 184.47+12.75 in 6 cases of chronic active bepatitis, 131.36+10.99 in 19 cases of liver cirrhosis, and 211.03+19.08 in 14 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. Serum angiogenin concentration in liver cirrhosis was significantly lower than that in chronic persistent hepatitis(p=0.0033(I), and than that in chronic active hepatitis(p=0.018673). Angiogenin concentration in hepatocellular carcinoma was very significantly elevated, when compared with the level of the liver cirrhosis investigated (p=0.000569). Conclusions: These data suppoit that persistent inflammatory insults in chronic hepatitis were compensated by the elevation of angiogenin, but complete fibrosis as in liver cirrhosis showed the depressed level of angiogenin. Again, emerging of the hepatocellular carcinoma is accompanying with the elevated stitnuli of angiogenin for the neovascularization. In contrast, bFGF in this study was statistically not significant but may be related with fibrosis and reconstruction of microvascular system accompanying with progression of chronic parenchymal liver diseases to liver cirrhosis.(Korean J Gastroenterol 1996; 28:806-814)

한국인 궤양성 대장염의 임상적 관찰

송인성(In Sung Song),최규완(Kyoo Wan Choi),백승운(Seung Woon Paik) 대한소화기학회 1985 대한소화기학회지 Vol.17 No.1

N/A The purpose of this study is to review the clinical and pathological features of the ulcerative colitis in Korea. A total of 39 cases of ulcerative colitis, experienced in the Seoul National University Hospital from June 1976 to January 1985, was analyzed in terms of incidence, symptomatology, laboratory findings, colonoscopic and barium enema findings, and consequence of treatment.1) The disease was most prevalent in the fourth decade with a slight preponderance on the female. 2) In 84.6% of the cases the duration of symptoms was less than 5 years. 2) The most common symptoms were hematochesia, bloody mucoid stool, low abdominal pain and the loss of weight in the order of frequency. 4) The laboratory findings were non-specific, including anemia, leukocytosis, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, electrolyte imbalance, hypoalbuminemia, increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity. 5) In terms of the anatomical distribution of the lesion, proctitis was shown in 15. 4% proctosigmoiditis in 10.3% the left-sided colitis in 33 .34% pancolitis in 20.5% ileitis in 10.3% 6) Colonoscopy revealed mucosal friability, diffuse hyperemia, diffuse erosion and ulceration, granularity and pseudopolyposis. 7) The barium enema showed no remarkable abnormality in 45.2% of the cases. But in the other cases granularity, loss of haustral marking, luminal narrowing, foreshortening, and pseudopolyps were noted. 8) The histopathologic examination showed non-specific inflammation in 56.4% of the cases. 9) With the medical treatment 92.1% of the cases showed initial improvement in the symptom. However 48.7% of the improved cases had recurrence in some time. 10) In 5 cases, who did not respond to the medical treatment, the involved segments of the colon were resected.

Effects of infections with five sexually transmitted pathogens on sperm quality

Kim, Sung Jae,Paik, Doo-Jin,Lee, Joong Shik,Lee, Hyo Serk,Seo, Ju Tae,Jeong, Mi Seon,Lee, Jae-Ho,Park, Dong Wook,Han, Sangchul,Lee, Yoo Kyung,Lee, Ki Heon,Lee, In Ho,So, Kyeong A,Kim, Seon Ah,Kim, Jur The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2017 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.44 No.4

Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of infections with human papillomavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, and Mycoplasma genitalium in the semen of Korean infertile couples and their associations with sperm quality. Methods: Semen specimens were collected from 400 men who underwent a fertility evaluation. Infection with above five pathogens was assessed in each specimen. Sperm quality was compared in the pathogen-infected group and the non-infected group. Results: The infection rates of human papillomavirus, C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum, M. hominis, and M. genitalium in the study subjects were 1.57%, 0.79%, 16.80%, 4.46%, and 1.31%, respectively. The rate of morphological normality in the U. urealyticum-infected group was significantly lower than in those not infected with U. urealyticum. In a subgroup analysis of normozoospermic samples, the semen volume and the total sperm count in the pathogen-infected group were significantly lower than in the non-infected group. Conclusion: Our results suggest that infection with U. urealyticum alone and any of the five sexually transmitted infections are likely to affect sperm morphology and semen volume, respectively.

Helicobacter pylori 제균요법 적용의 실태 분석: 단일 기관 연구

정우철 ( Woo Chul Chung ),이강문 ( Kang Moon Lee ),백창렬 ( Chang Nyol Paik ),이정록 ( Jeong Rok Lee ),정성훈 ( Sung Hoon Jung ),김진동 ( Jin Dong Kim ),한석원 ( Sok Won Han ),정인식 ( In Sik Chung ) 대한소화기학회 2009 대한소화기학회지 Vol.53 No.4

목적: 현재 H. pylori 제균치료는 소화성 궤양 환자에서만 인정을 받고, 위암이나 위염 환자를 대상으로 적용 범위를 확대 적용하는 것에는 아직 논란의 여지가 있다. 최근 들어 표준 삼제요법의 제균율이 점차 감소하는 경향을 보이며, 이는 항생제 내성의 증가 및 환자의 순응도 감소와 가장 큰 연관이 있으나, 다른 여러 요인들도 제균율에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 진료과에 따른 제균율의 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 진료과별 제균치료 현황과 제균율, 그리고 내시경적인 궤양에 대한 적용 빈도를 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2003년 1월부터 2007년 6월까지 가톨릭대학교 성빈센트병원에서 H. pylori 제균요법을 시행했던 환자를 대상으로 소화기내과, 일반내과, 가정의학과별로 제균율의 차이를 후향 조사하였다. 대상 환자는 2,050명으로 의료영상 저장 전송 체계(PACS)를 이용하여 3명의 내시경전문의가 각각의 내시경 소견을 다시 판독하여 내시경적인 미란과 궤양을 구분하였다. 결과: 일차 삼제요법에 대한 제균율은 82.5%였고, 이차 사제요법에 대한 제균율은 71.2%였다. 일차 진료를 담당하는 가정의학과와 내과 일반에서 소화기내과에 비해 내시경적인 미란에 대해 제균요법을 시행하는 빈도가 의미 있게 높았고, 전체 제균율과 내시경적인 궤양에 대한 제균율은 유의하게 낮았다. 결론: 일차 진료과에서 적용한 H. pylori 제균요법은 미란 등 부적절한 제균대상이 많았다. 전체적인 제균율이나 내시경적인 궤양에 대한 제균율은 소화기내과가 일차 진료과에 비해 의미 있게 높았고, 이것은 여러 가지 복합적인 요인이 작용하고 있을 것이며, 그 중에서도 복약에 대한 환자의 순응도가 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 본다. Background/Aims: Eradication rates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) tend to decrease over the last few years. Apart from the antibiotic resistance and patient`s compliance, various factors have an influence on the efficacy of eradication therapy. We analyzed the inter-departmental differences in the eradication therapy for H. pylori infection. Methods: Between January 2003 and June 2007, total 3,072 eradication regimens were prescribed to patients. Eradication rates according to departments-gastroenterology (GE), general internal medicine (IM) and family medicine (FM)-were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The overall eradication rate of first-line triple therapy was 82.5% and second-line quadruple therapy was 71.2%. In the department of IM and FM, the eradication therapy was applied more frequently to the patients with erosion only, not ulcer. Overall eradication rates according to the departments were 87.0% in GE, 81.1% in IM and 77.2% in FM (p=0.02 GE vs. IM and p<0.01 GE vs. FM, respectively). Eradication rate in patients with peptic ulcer was also significantly higher in GE compared with IM or FM. Conclusions: In primary clinic (IM and FM), the eradication therapy was frequently applied to erosion. The eradication rates of H. pylori in GE department were significantly higher than those of IM or FM. Inter-departmental differences of the eradication rate might be caused by patients` compliance to prescribed medication. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2009;53:221-227)

Genetic Instability in Gastric Epithelial Neoplasias Categorized by the Revised Vienna Classification

( Woo Chul Chung ),( Sung Hoon Jung ),( Kang Moon Lee ),( Chang Nyol Paik ),( Jae Wuk Kwak ),( Ji Han Jung ),( Jin Young Yoo ),( Min Kyoung Lee ),( In Sik Chung ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2010 Gut and Liver Vol.4 No.2

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the structural chromosomal aberrations, such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI), at multiple tumor suppressor gene loci in gastric epithelial neoplasia categorized by the revised Vienna classification. Methods: All tissue samples were excised by endoscopic mucosal resection. Sixty category 3 (low-grade adenoma) tissue samples and 51 category 4 samples (high-grade adenoma and intramucosal carcinoma with adenoma) were examined at the 7 sets of microsatellite loci linked to the tumor suppressor gene locus. Results: For category 3 and 4 tissue samples, there were no differences in the frequencies of LOH-positive chromosomes or the extent of chromosomal loss. The Helicobacter-pylori (H. pylori)-positive rate was significantly higher in MSI-positive category 4 samples than in category 3 samples (p=0.04). The frequency of MSI positivity was significantly higher in category 4 samples than in category 3 samples (p=0.003). Conclusions: H. pylori infection is associated with genetic instability of the premalignant lesion. MSI occurs in the early stages of gastric carcinogenesis and its occurrence increases during malignant transformation. Detection of MSI in premalignant gastric lesions may be a surveillant of risk of malignant transformation. (Gut Liver 2010;4:179-185)

LC, Acute : PE-112 ; Combined effects of caspase inhibitor Nivocasan and lithospermate B on the inhibition of hepatic fibrosis in rats

( Do Young Kim ),( Sook In Chung ),( Weonsang Ro ),( Yong Han Paik ),( Young Nyun Park ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Jung Gyu Park ),( Hee Dong Park ),( Kwan Sik Lee ),( Kwang Hyub Han ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.-

Background/Aim: To see combined anti-fibrosis effect when lithospermate B (LAB), an anti-oxidant, and Nivocasan, a caspase inhibitor, were simultaneously administered in comparison with either compound. Methods: Hepatic fibrosis was induced in SD rats by thioacetamide (TAA). In fibrosis-preventive experiment, rats were injected with TAA and fed on LAB and Nivocasan at the same time. Grouping was; Normal control (N), Normal+ LAB+ Nivocasan (NLN), TAA control (T), TAA+LAB (TL), TAA+ Nivocasan (TN), TAA+LAB+Nivocasan (TLN). In fibrosis- reversal experiment, rats were first treated with TAA, and then LAB and Nivocasan were fed. Grouping was; TAA control (F), TAA+LAB (FL), TAA+Nivocasan (FN), and TAA+LAB+ Nivocasan (FLN). Fibrotic area was evaluated quantitatively by computerized morphometry. Apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL assay, and immunohistochemical staining for malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) was performed to assess oxidative stress. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine expression of fibrosis-related genes. Results: The degree of hepatic fibrosis was significantly reduced in group TLN (4.9%) compared to TL (6.3%) or TN (6.7%) (p < 0.001). These results were similarly observed in fibrosis- reversal experiment. Treatment with each compound significantly decreased fibrosis-related gene expression such as type I collagen α1 (col1α1), α-SMA, and TGF-β1 (p < 0.05). Co-treat- ment with LAB and Nivocasan further reduced col1α1 expression compared with either compound in both fibrosis- preventive and reversal experiment. TUNEL assay revealed that hepatocyte apoptosis significantly decreased in group TN and TLN compared to TL (p < 0.001). Similarly, apoptosis reduced significantly in group FN and FLN compared to FL (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed decrease of MDA and 4HNE, reflecting amelioration of oxidative stress in both fibrosis- preventive and reversal experiment, when LAB or LAB+ Nivocasan was administered compared with Nivocasan alone (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous administration of LAB and Nivocasan to suppress oxidative stress and apoptosis resulted in an enhanced effect on inhibition of hepatic fibrosis in rats.

HC, Acute : PE-112 ; Combined effects of caspase inhibitor Nivocasan and lithospermate B on the inhibition of hepatic fibrosis in rats

( Do Young Kim ),( Sook In Chung ),( Weon Sang Ro ),( Yong Han Paik ),( Young Nyun Park ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Jung Gyu Park ),( Hee Dong Park ),( Kwan Sik Lee ),( Kwang Hyub Han ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1

Background/Aim: To see combined anti-fibrosis effect when lithospermate B (LAB), an anti-oxidant, and Nivocasan, a caspase inhibitor, were simultaneously administered in comparison with either compound. Methods: Hepatic fibrosis was induced in SD rats by thioacetamide (TAA). In fibrosis-preventive experiment, rats were injected with TAA and fed on LAB and Nivocasan at the same time. Grouping was; Normal control (N), Normal+ LAB+ Nivocasan (NLN), TAA control (T), TAA+LAB (TL), TAA+ Nivocasan (TN), TAA+LAB+Nivocasan (TLN). In fibrosisreversal experiment, rats were first treated with TAA, and then LAB and Nivocasan were fed. Grouping was; TAA control (F), TAA+LAB (FL), TAA+Nivocasan (FN), and TAA+LAB+ Nivocasan (FLN). Fibrotic area was evaluated quantitatively by computerized morphometry. Apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL assay, and immunohistochemical staining for malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) was performed to assess oxidative stress. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine expression of fibrosis-related genes. Results: The degree of hepatic fibrosis was significantly reduced in group TLN (4.9%) compared to TL (6.3%) or TN (6.7%) (p < 0.001). These results were similarly observed in fibrosisreversal experiment. Treatment with each compound significantly decreased fibrosis-related gene expression such as type I collagen α1 (col1α1), α-SMA, and TGF-β1 (p < 0.05). Co-treat ment with LAB and Nivocasan further reduced col1α1 expression compared with either compound in both fibrosispreventive and reversal experiment. TUNEL assay revealed that hepatocyte apoptosis significantly decreased in group TN and TLN compared to TL (p < 0.001). Similarly, apoptosis reduced significantly in group FN and FLN compared to FL (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed decrease of MDA and 4HNE, reflecting amelioration of oxidative stress in both fibrosispreventive and reversal experiment, when LAB or LAB+ Nivocasan was administered compared with Nivocasan alone (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous administration of LAB and Nivocasan to suppress oxidative stress and apoptosis resulted in an enhanced effect on inhibition of hepatic fibrosis in rats.

부직포 적정 제거시기 구명

Young Chun Park,Tug Sang Yun,Seung Woo Paik,Seung Wan Son,Min Sick In,Hyun Ho Kim 한국약용작물학회 2017 한국약용작물학술대회 발표집 Vol.2017 No.05

Background : Black Non-Woven Fabric Mulch Culture was knowned increased crop Yield and saved weeding labor in Liriope Pilatyphylla Wang et Tang. But to the removal and planting labor is more needed, So some famers are avoidance that culting method. Methods and Results : So this study was experimented in order to selecting optimun removal time in Liriope Pilatyphylla Wang et Tang mulch culture. Removal time were conventional practices (in April next yesr), September, October and November. In early, Plant length, Root length, Leaf number and number of plants was the long and many by the sooner removal time and also, dry weight was heavier. Black non-woven fabric removal labor was saved by the sooner removal time. The main event of weeds were Cyperus serotinus Rottb and Portulaca oleracea L. In harvest time, Plant length and plants of numbers was the longest and heavier at conventional practice (in April next year) and November removed. Tuberous root number was the more in September removal, Because, the tuber was tall and long. Total1y consideration of the including weeds shooting, weeding labor and Growth and development situation, Black non-woven fabric removal optimum time was September or Conventional practices (in April next year). Conclusion : Black non-woven fabric optimum removal time was the september . In this experiment, increased yield 9, income 16 percent than conventional practices (in April next year).

경상분지 동남부의 상부 경상누층군에 발달한 호성퇴적층에 대한 비교퇴적학적 연구

백인성,김현주,이준동,김인수,김진섭,문병찬,Paik, In-Sung,Kim, Hyun-Joo,Lee, Joon-Dong,Kim, In-Soo,Kim, Jin-Seop,Moon, Byoung-Chan 한국지구과학회 2000 한국지구과학회지 Vol.21 No.4

The lithofacies, biofacies, and paleosol development of the Jindong Formation, the Geoncheonri Formation, and the lacustrine deposits of Mt. Hwangryeong at Pusan, which occur in the southeastern part of the Gyeongsang Basin, were analyzed in comparative sedimentology and in stratigraphy. The common features of these lacustrine deposits are: 1) clastic deposits are prevailing, 2) deltaic deposits are not associated, 3) mudflat deposits are common, and 4) stromatolites are absent. The distinct differences among these deposits are: 1) in the Jindong Formation, the mudflat deposits are predominant, pedogenic calcretes are commonly present, and dinosaur tracks frequently occur, compared with other two lacustrine deposits, and 2) in the Geoncheonri Formation, invertebrate fossils are relatively common and storm deposits are not recognized, compared with other deposits, and 3) evaporite mineral casts and tuffaceous turbidite deposits are common in the Mt. Hwangryeong lacustrine deposits. In stratigraphy, the Geoncheonri Formation is correlated with the lower part of the Jindong Formation, and the Mt. Hwangryeong lacutsrine deposits are deemed to overlie the Jindong Formation. On the basis of comparative sedimentology and stratigraphic relationship among these lacustrine deposits, general paleoenvironements of the southeastern part of the Gyeongsang Basin from the late Hayang time to the early Yucheon time are interpreted as follows. During the late Hayang time, tectonic and volcanic activities were generally inacitive in the Gyeongsang Basin, and lacustrine environments expanded since the paleoclimatic condition became less arid compared with the middle Hayang time. In general, however, paleoclimate during the late Hayang time was still arid, and wetting and drying periods were alternated. The occasional occurrences of severe droughts were also characteristic of the late Hayang time. Mudflats existed in wide area in the southeastern part of the Gyeongsang Basin during the late Hayang time, and sedimentation rate was accordingly low. The sedimentation rate became relatively high during the latest Hayang time and the early Yucheon time since tectonic and volcanic activities had been active. Generally arid climate continued for the early Yucheon time, enough for evaporite minerals to precipate occasionally. 경상분지 동남부 지역에 발달된 하양층군 퇴적말기의 진동층 및 건천리층과 하양층군 최상부 또는 유천층군 최하부의 지층으로 설정되어 있는 부산 황령산 지역의 호성퇴적층을 대상으로, 이들 퇴적층의 퇴적상, 화석상, 고토양상 등을 비교퇴적학 및 층서학적인 측면에서 분석하였다. 세 호수퇴적층의 공통적인 발달특성은 1) 전반적으로 쇄설성퇴적층이 지배적인 반면, 2) 삼각주퇴적층이 수반되어 있지 않으며, 3) 이질평원퇴적층이 흔히 발달되어 있고, 4)스트로마톨라이트의 발달이 없는 점 등이다. 한편 세 호수퇴적층 발달특성의 대표적인 차이점은 다음과 같다: 1) 진동층은 다른 두 호성퇴적층에 비하여 이질평원퇴적층의 발달이 지배적이며, 석회질고토양의 발달이 빈번하고, 다른 두 호성퇴적층에서는 산출되지 않는 공룡족흔 화석층의 발달이 일반적이다. 2) 건천리층은 다른 두 호성퇴적층에 비하여 무척추동물화석의 산출이 일반적이며, 다른 두 호성퇴적층에서는 발달하는 폭풍퇴적층이 발달되어 있지 않다. 3)황령산지역 호성퇴적층은 진동층 및 건천리층에서는 산출하지 않거나 매우 드물게 나타나는 증발광물의 캐스트가 흔히 산출되며, 응회질 저탁암층의 협재가 일반적이다. 세 호성퇴적층의 층서관계의 경우, 건천리층은 진동층의 하부에 대비되고, 황령산 지역 호성퇴적층은 진동층의 상위에 놓이는 지층으로 추정된다. 이들 3개 호성퇴적층의 층서관계 및 발달특성을 토대로 해석된 하양층군 퇴적말기에서 유천층군 퇴적초기에 이르는 동안의 경상분지 동남부 지역의 퇴적특성은 다음과 같다. 하양층군 퇴적말기의 경상분지는 지반이 비교적 안정된 상태였으며, 이에 따라 화산활동은 그리 활발한 편이 아니었다. 기후조건의 경우 하양층군 퇴적중기 때보다는 비교적 습윤하여져 호수환경이 확장된 상태였으나, 전반적으로는 건조한 기후가 지배적인 환경이었으며, 특히 건기와 우기가 교호되는 기후조건이발달하는 가운데에 매우 극심한 가뭄이 빈번히 발달하였다. 하양층군 퇴적말기에 경상분지의 동남부 지역은 호수연변부의 이질평원이 넓게 발달한 가운데에 퇴적작용이 매우 느리게 진행되었으나, 백악기 후기(하양층군 퇴적최후기 및 유천층군 퇴적초기)에 접어들면서 조구조운동과 이에 따른 화산활동이 활발해짐에 따라 이 지역의 퇴적속도는 상대적으로 빨라지게 되었다. 백악기 후기의 기후조건은 이전과 마찬가지로 건조한 기후가 전반적으로 유지되었으며, 일부 지역은 증발암광물이 형성될 정도로 건조한 기후가 발달하였다.