창녕지역 농촌생활용수 암반지하수의 수질과 분포암석과의 관계연구

박현주,박종남,이재경,박인석 東亞大學校 環境問題硏究所 2005 硏究報告 Vol.27 No.1

As of the end of 2001, even though about 89% of the population throughout the country are blessed with water service, areas of seashore, island and parts of inland are still in difficulties with drinking water. For this reason, the water resources project for stable supply by developing groundwater has been conducted since 1992, under the auspices of Ministry of Agriculture & Froestry. As of 2003, a total of 594 project areas have been completed in the Gyeongsang Province by the KARICO Gyeongnam Branch. Among these, 60 samples in the Changyeong area developed since 1999, were chosen for chemical analysis of groundwater developed in varieties of rock. As a result, there appears excess fluorine in the granite, gneiss and diorite in this area. Correlation analysis between rock type and groundwater chemistry show that the fluorine has high correlation with Fe and aluminum in diorite, and nitrate nitrogen in the andesite rock, while hardness, total solids and SO^(2-)_(4) have high correlations each other not only in sedimentary rocks but also in all other types of rocks. It has been known that the TDS (fluorine, hardness, total solids, and SO^(2-)_(4)) of groundwater increase with depth due to water rock interaction by increasing the amount of pumping rate at the well. However, in this study, the well depth and groundwater chemistry show little correlation in between. This may be partly due to limited number of samples used in the study with a total of 46 points suitable for drinking water. It may be thought that well distributed sampling points with more samples throughout the whole area should be collected for analysis, so as to increase reliability in the result.

합천지역 농촌생활용수 암반지하수의 수질과 분포암석과의 관계연구

박현주,박종남,박인석,이재경,한원태 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2006 硏究報告 Vol.28 No.1

As of the end of 2001, even though about 89% of the population throughout the country are blessed with water service, areas of seashore, island and parts of inland are still in difficulties with drinking water. For this reason, the water resources project for stable supply by developing groundwater has been conducted since 1992, under the auspices of Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry. As of 2003, a total of 594 project areas have been completed in the Gyeongsang Province by the KARICO Gyeongnam Branch. Among these, 57 samples in the Hapcheon area developed since 1999, were chosen for chemical analysis of groundwater developed in varieties of rocks. As a result, there appears excessive fluorine in the granite, gneiss and diorite in this area. Correlation analysis between rock type and groundwater chemistry shows that the fluorine has high correlation with Fe and aluminum in diorite, and nitrate nitrogen in the andesite rock, while hardness, total solids and SO4+ have high correlations each other not only in sedimentary rocks but also in all other types of rocks. It has been known that the TDS (fluorine, hardness, total solids, and SO4+) of groundwater increase with depth due to water- rock interaction by increasing the amount of pumping rate at the well. However, in this study, the well depth and groundwater chemistry show little correlation in between. This may be partly due to limited number of samples used in the study with a total of 46 points suitable for drinking water. It may be thought that well distributed sampling points with more samples throughout the whole area should be collected for analysis, so as to increase reliability in the result.

거창지역 농촌생활용수 암반지하수의 수질과 분포암석과의 관계연구

박현주,박종남,이재경,박인석 東亞大學校 環境問題硏究所 2005 硏究報告 Vol.27 No.1

As of the end of 2001, even though about 89% of the population throughout the country are blessed with water service, areas of seashore, island and parts of inland are still in difficulties with drinking water. For this reason, the water resources project for stable supply by developing groundwater has been conducted since 1992, under the auspices of Ministry of Agriculture & Froestry. As of 2003, a total of 594 project areas have been completed in the Gyeongsang Province by the KARICO Gyeognam Branch. Among these, 46 samples in the Geochang area developed since 1999, were chosen for chemical analysis of groundwater developed in varieties of rock. As a result, there appears excess fluorine in the granite and gneiss in this area. Correlation analysis between rock type and groundwater chemistry show that the fluorine has high correlation with Fe and aluminum in diorite, and nitrate nitrogen in the andesite rock, while hardness, total solids and SO^(2-)_(4) have high correlations each other not only in sedimentary rocks but also in all other types of rocks. It has been known that the TDS (fluorine, hardness, total solids, and SO^(2-)_(4)) of groundwater increase with depth due to water rock interaction by increasing the amount of pumping rate at the well. However, in this study, the well depth and groundwater chemistry show little correlation in between. This may be partly due to limited number of samples used in the study with a total of 46 points suitable for drinking water. It may be thought that well distributed sampling points with more samples throughout the whole area should be collected for analysis, so as to increase reliability in the result.

國家意識의 實態와 그 對策 : 국기, 애국가 및 국민교육헌장의 보급을 중심으로

李建衡,盧禎埴,成炳卓,姜萬石,朴泰岩,朴仁熙,金漢植 대구교육대학교 1971 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

國旗의 常備現況은 總體的으로 보아 低調한 實態에 있다. 全體 標集者의 86.8%가 國旗를 備置하고 있다는 反應을 보였으나, 이 數置가 보이는 內容은 區區하다. 卽 깃발과 그 附帶品一切를 完備한 家庭은 全體의 42.5%에 不過하고 깃발만을 備置한 家庭이 20.4%, 函까지를 갖춘 家庭이 45.8%로서 約 半數의 家庭이 適當한 場所에 깃발을 保管하고 揭揚時에는 적의한 막대기로 代用할뿐만 아니라 깃발조차 없는 家庭이 約 15%에 이르는 셈이다. 最少限 깃발만이라도 갖춘 家庭을 地域別로 보았을 때 中都市의 96%, 農村의 90%만이 全體의 86.6%를 上廻하고 있고 漁村 79.6%가 特히 低調함은 注目할 일이다. 그리고 附帶品의 具備狀況이나保管도 中都市가 比較的 充實하고 漁村이 低調한 傾向을 보이고 있으며 意外로 農村보다도 大都市가 모든 面에서 不實함도 注目할 일이다. 國旗의 保管이나 揭揚은 主로 젊은 學生層에서 擔當하고 있다. 이러한 傾向은 農·山村일수록 年令이 낮아지고 中都市와 大都市는 비슷하게 年令이 높아지는데 이로 미루어 高令層의 啓蒙이 要請된다고 하겠다. 國慶日의 國旗揭揚狀況는 質問紙에 依한 應答 結果는 約 70%이나 實際 揭揚은 約 35%의 低調한 것이어서 깃발조차 갖고 있지않는 約 15%를 감안하더라도 言行이 一致하지 않는 一面을 엿볼 수 있다. 特히 中都市(37%) 大都市(49.2%) 農村(37.8%)과 對比할 때 前述한 깃발 備置狀況과 逆現象을 보인 都市人의 覺醒을 促求하지 않을 수 없다. 國旗揭揚法의 正確性 與否는 問題가 될 것이나, 大部分 알고 있으면서도 關心과 誠意가 없어서 國慶日에 國旗를 揭揚하지 않는다고 反應한 데 對한 積極的인 對策이 要望되며 特히 國慶日을 모르기 때문에 憩揚하지 않는다은 것을 1順位로 反應한 山村을 留意해야 겠다. 國旗의 뜻을 잘 모른는 國民이 大部分이고 이러한 現象은 意外로 靑年層일수록 더한 것이 豫想과는 相反되고 있다. 國旗의 制定由來나 그 國家象徵性을 認識하지 못하는 傾向 亦是 같은 現象을 보이고 있다. 다만 由來나 象徵性에 對한 認識에 關한 限 都市民과 漁村民이 比較的 높고, 農村과 山村民이 相對的으로 낮다. 農·山村에 比한 漁村, 大都市에 比한 中都市의 住民이 갖는 相對的으로 높은 認識度는 東海岸民의 安保意識과 中都市人의 等質性 및 國家施策의 浸透 容易性에 緣由하는 것이라고 생각된다. 그리고 우리 國民은 國旗의 뜻을 모른는 者가 3分의 1에 該當하고 國旗에 대한 公式的 敎育을 받지 못한 사람도 3分의 1에 이르며 國旗를 그릴 수 없는 사람이 半以上이나 된다. 國旗에 關한 諸般 認識度는 男子보다 女子가, 年令別로는 老令層이, 生活程度는 낮을수록 低調한 것을 알 수 있고, 全體 國民의 우리 國旗에 對한 滿足度에는 유감이 없음을 보여주고 있다. 愛國歌의 普及 實態는 過히 不振한 便은 아닌 것 같다. 80.9%의 國民이 적어도 愛國歌의 1절以上을 부를 수 있고 愛國歌가 들려올 때 約 18.6%의 國民을 除外한 大多數 國民이 차려姿勢 또는 경건한 態度를 가질뿐만 아니라 愛國歌의 普及强化를 所望하는 反應이 78.1%나 되었다는 것이 이를 立證하고 있다. 그리고 地域的으로는 大都市에 比해 中都市가 農·山村에 比해 漁村이 보다 健全함을 보여주고 있다. 그러나 部分的으로는 問題가 없는 것도 아니다. 愛國歌를 1절도 못외우는 18.4%, 愛國歌가 들려와도 無關心한 18.6%의 國民이 있고, 이러한 反應度는 愛國歌 부르기 敎育을 받은 적이 없는 33.2%의 國民, 愛國歌 解說敎育을 받은 적이 없는 47.8%의 國民 및 한해에 한번도 愛國歌를 부를 機會가 없는 36.0%의 國民이 있다는 事實과 有關하리라고 생각된다. 上述한 問題點은 地域的으로는 都市보다는 農·山·漁村이, 特히 農村에 比해 農·山村이, 學歷 및 年令上으로는 文盲者 및 國·漢文 解讀者를 그 속에 간직하고 있는老令層에, 男子보다는 女子가, 또한 生活程度는 낮을수록 尤甚하다는 것을 指摘할 수가 있다. 全體的으로 보아서는 中都市의 實積이 大都市 및 餘他地域보다 良好하고 豫想한대로 農·山村에 比해 漁村이 두드러진 特徵을 보이고 있는 點이다. 그리고 愛國歌의 普及 및 그 敎育에 있어서는 資料 通計上으로는 그 어떤 經路보다도 學校敎育의 充實이 가장 效果的이었다는 것을 보여주고 있으나 愛國歌의 普及强化策에 對한 反應을 中心으로 본다면 山·漁村을 除外한 모든 地域이 新聞 放送 等의 報道機關을 通한 普及을 希望하고 있다. 이는 이미 指摘한 老年層, 文盲者, 國漢文 解讀者, 및 家庭主婦인 女子를 相對로 한 境遇에 異論이 있을 수 없겠고, 報道機關의 普及率이 낮은 山村이 學生啓蒙運動을 그리고 安保意識이 强한 漁民이 地域別 成人敎育을 希望한다고 보아 無妨할 것이다. 그리고 劇場 演藝物을 通한 普及은 效果가 적을 것임이 나타났고 그 밖에는 妙案이 없는 것으로 反應되었다. 그리고 愛國歌의 普及强化를 所望하는 意志는 强하다고 할 수 있는 것은 이미 指摘하였거니와 이 境遇에는 規制的인 方法보다도 自律的인 方法 例컨대 報道機關을 通한 宣傳啓蒙이나 山·漁村을 對象으로 한 學生啓蒙運動 또는 里動單位의 自體啓蒙을 希望하고 있음을 特記해 둔다. 國民敎育憲章 普及實態의 全體的인 傾向은 公布事實마저도 모른다 24.0%, 憲章冊子를 가지지 않았다 約 30%, 制定의 理由를 모른다 30% 等으로 보아 制定公布된지 3年이란 時間的 經過에 비추어 豫想外로 低調하다 할 수 있으며 地域別로 보면 制定事實의 知悉, 內容理解 分析努力, 暗記努力, 普及施策 贊成面에서 中都市가 大都市보다 理解度가 높게 나타났으며 漁村이 現實與件上 國家意識이 높으리라는 豫想은 立證되지 않았으며, 山村은 豫想한대로 普及狀態가 極히 不振하였다. 性別로는 男子의 理解度가 높고, 年令別로는 年令이 낮을수록 學歷은 높을수록 生活程度는 높을수록 普及實態나 理解度가 높아지고 있다. 다만 制定理由의 知悉面이나 分析經驗 普及施策에 對한 贊同面에서 大學卒業 以上의 學歷者가 高等學校 卒業者보다 낮게 나타난 點은 異彩로운 現象이다. 職業別에 있어서는 大體로 公務員, 商·써비스業, 無職, 農業의 順으로 意識이 높다. 憲章公布事實을 알게 된 經路나 普及을 爲한 效果的인 施策의 選擇狀況을 보면 報道機關이 가장 效果的이며 學校敎育의 影響이 意外로 低調함을 發見할 수 있다. 普及施策中 學生을 通한 啓蒙運動에 對한 共鳴度도 낮고, 劇場 및 演藝機關을 通한 普及은 큰 支持를 받지 못하고 있음이 發見되었다. 暗記動機는 自發的인 境遇가 29.2%에 不過화고, 憲章에 對한 一般의 關心度가 낮으며 普及運動의 反對理由로는 "形式에 흘러 實效性이 없다"가 24.2%로 가장 높다. 以上을 綜合해 볼 때 國旗, 愛國歌, 및 國民敎育憲章 할 것 없이 그 普及 및 認識度가 豫想外로 低調함을 알 수 있다. 愛國歌에 關한 限 80.9%의 國民이 1절 以上의 愛國歌를 부를 수 있는 바 他 2者에 比해 相對的으로 良好한 便이나 公式集會의 慣例 탓으로 4절까지를 모두 외우는 者는 極히 不振하다. 要컨대 三者가 모두 敎育 또는 啓蒙이 不實하였음이 立證되었으며 特히 知識水準이 낮은 老年層과 性別로는 女子, 地域的으로는 山村, 農村, 漁村의 順으로 不振하였고 豫想外로 大都市 및 大學卒業者가 低調하였음도 發見되었다. 그리고 愛國歌에 關한 限 學校敎育으 效果가 斷然 越等한 反面 國民敎育憲章의 普及 및 認識은 學校敎育보다도 報道機關의 啓蒙이 奏效하였음이 發見되었다. 그리고 國旗의 國家象徵性에 關한 認識은 光復後의 學校敎育을 받은 靑少年層이 보다 健全하여 日帝下에서 靑壯年期를 보낸 壯·老年層이 意外로 低調한 傾向을 보여주고 있다. The research in this report was done to discover the reality of the korean National Consciousness. By this we mean an awareness of the National flag, the National Anthem, and the Charter of National Education in Korea. Also since threre appears to be a lack of awareness in certain areas we have attempted to propose adequate measures to imporve these conditions. Methods and materials used for this study are as follows: the method was of Random Sampling in which we selected randomly 900 men and women living in a city, a town, farm areas, remote areas, and sea-side areas. The materials was an interview form called "the schedule" which consisted of 46 items. From the data received we reached the conclusion that knowledge about the National Flag, the National Anthem, and the Charter of National Education in Korea was generally poor. This trend appeared more in the farm area, remote area, and seaside area then in the city and town; more in women than in men; more in the old than in the young, more in those of lower academic careers and lower economic levels than of their counterparts with better careers and living levels. From the above conclusions we propose that the community schools and the mass communication system in korea strive actively to increase the instruction of these people in order to improve the national consciousness of the above mentioned people.

KISE-기초학력검사(KISE-BAAT)개발연구

박경숙,김계옥,송영준,정동영,정인숙 국립특수교육원 2004 연구보고서 Vol.- No.12

본 연구는 학교 학습 특히. 국어와 수학에서 부진을 나타내는 아동을 선별 또는 진단하고, 이들이 부진을 나타내는 영역과 수준을 파악하여 이들의 교육계획 수립과 적용에 필요한 정보를 제공할 수 있는 개인용 기초학력 검사(Korea Institute for Special Education-Basic Academic Achievement Tests KISE-BAAT)의 개발을 위해 기초학력의 개념과 기초학력의 구성요인 등을 탐색하여 KISE-BAAT의 구성모형을 개발한 다음, 그 모형을 토대로 검사문항의 성취기준을 설정하고, 그에 따라 제7차 교육과정의 내용을 토대로 범교과적으로 통용할 수 있는 KISE-BAAT의 검사문항을 개발하였다. 본 연구는 유ㆍ초ㆍ중ㆍ고등학교 및 대학교의 학생 1,499명을 대상으로 KISE-BAAT의 예비검사를 실시하고, 그 결과를 토대로 검사문항의 변별도와 양호도 등을 분석하여 최종 검사문항을 선정하였다. 그리고 본 연구는 KISE-BAAT의 표준화를 위해 전국의 유치원, 초등학교와 중학교에 재학중인 5~l4세의 아동 5,977명을 대상으로 검사를 실시하여 규준의 작성 및 해석에 필요한 기초 통계를 산출하였으며, 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구는 학력을 기초학력 과 심화학력으로 구성 된다고 가정 하여 심화학력에 의 한 학업성취를 제외한 학업성취를 기초학력으로 규정하고, 만 5세부터 14세까지 아동의 기초학력을 측정하는 개인용 기초학력검사인 KISE-BAAT를 개발하였다. KISE-BAAT는 KISE-BAAT(읽기), KISE-BAAT(쓰기), KISE-BAAT(수학)의 3개 검사로 구성되는 복합심리검사(battery)로서 각각의 소검사는 가형과 나형 2종의 동형검사로 구성되어 교육 프로그램의 사전ㆍ사후효과, 일반화 및 전이효과 측정을 용이하게 하며, 백분위수ㆍ환산점수ㆍ학력지수 학년규준의 제시로 아동의 기초학력의 지체 여부와 정도에 대한 진단과 더불어 교육계획의 수립ㆍ시행 및 평가에 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. 따라서 KISE-BAAT는 학교학습의 도구가 되는 읽기ㆍ쓰기ㆍ수학의 기초학력을 종합적으로 측정할 수 있으며, 결과를 다양하게 분석할 수 있는 개인용 기초학력검사라 할 수 있다. 둘째, KISE-BAAT의 신뢰도를 검증한 결과, 동형검사 신뢰도계수는 KISE-BAAT(읽기) 가형과 나형 .82, KISE-BAAT(쓰기) 가형과 나형 .69, KISE-BAAT(수학) 가형과 나형 .89로 나타났고, 반분신뢰도 계수는 KISE-BAAT(읽기) 가형 .93, 나형 .92, KISE-BAAT(쓰기) 가형 .91, 나형 .94, KISE-BAAT(수학) 가형과 나형 모두 .98로 나타났으며, 문항반응이론 신뢰도 계수는 KISE-BAAT(읽기) 가형과 나형 모두 .90, KISE-BAAT(쓰기) 가형 .99, 나형 .96, KISE-BAAT(수학) 가형 .97,나형 .99로 나타났다. 그리고 측정의 표준오차는 KISE-BAAT(읽기) 가형 .76, 나형 .85, KISE-BAAT(쓰기) 가형 .90, 나형 .92, KISE-BAAT(수학) 가형 2.11, 나형 2.32로 나타났으며, 재검사 신뢰도 계수는 KISE-BAAT(읽기) 가형 과 나형 모두 .96, KISE-BAAT(쓰기) 가형 .95, 나형 .96, KISE-BAAT(수학) 가형과 나형 모두 .98로 나타났으며, 문항의 내적 일치도 계수도 KISE-BAAT(읽기) 가형과 나형 모두 .98, KISE-BAAT(쓰기) 가형과 나형도 모두 .98, KISE-BAAT(수학) 가형과 나형 모두 .99로 나타났다. 따라서 KISE-BAAT의 KISE-BAAT(읽기), KISE-BAAT(쓰기), KISE-BAAT(수학) 가형과 나형은 모두 측정학적으로 아동의 기초학력을 측정하는데 있어 일관된 수치와 정보를 제공해 주는 도구라 할 수 있다. 셋째, KISE-BAAT의 타당도를 검증한 결과, KISE-BAAT(읽기) 가형ㆍ나형과 KEDI-기초학습기능점사 읽기Ⅱ의 상관계수는 각각 .50, .56, KISE-BAAT(쓰기) 가형ㆍ나형과 KEDI-기초학습기능검사 읽기Ⅰ의 상관계수는 각각 .68, .67, KEDI -기초학습기능검사 쓰기와 상관계수는 각각 .51, .68, KISE-BAAT(수학) 가형ㆍ나형과 KEDI-기초학습기능검사 셈하기의 상관계수는 각각 .70, .75로 나타났다. KISE-BAAT와 KEDI-기초학습기능검사는 매우 다른 영역과 내용으로 구성되어 있고, 서로 다른 개념을 기초로 제작된 것이나 두 검사간의 상관계수는 비교적 양호한 상태라 할 수 있다. 그리고 구인 타당도의 한 측면을 나타내는 KISE-BAAT 검사영역 상호간 상관계수는 전체적으로 KISE-BAAT(읽기) 가형이 .23에서 .93을, 나형이 .19에서 .91을 범위로 하고 있으며, KISE-BAAT(쓰기) 가형이 .70에서 .95를, 나형이 .73에서 .95을 범위로 하고 있고, KISE-BAAT(수학) 가형이 .81에서 .94를, 나형이 .83에서 .94를 범위로 하고 있다. 따라서 KISE-BAAT는 개발의 과정에서부터 이루어진 내용 타당도의 확보를 위한 노력 등으로 기초학력을 측정하는데 타당한 도구라 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발한 KISE-BAAT는 아동들의 읽기ㆍ쓰기ㆍ수학 기초학력을 측정하는 신뢰롭고 타당한 개인용 기초학력검사라 할 수 있다. 그러나 KISE-BAAT는 연구 수행상의 제한점과 함께 앞으로 활용의 과정에서 나타나는 문제점을 계속 수정 보완해야 한다. 뿐만 아니라 KISE-BAAT는 문항 편파성 분석 (item bias analysis)과 일반화 가능도 분석에 대한 연구와 더 폭넓은 타당도 분석을 위해 사고력 검사나 다른 학력검사와 공인타당도 분석 등을 연구해야 한다. 그래야만 KISE-BAAT는 아동의 기초학력을 진단 평가하는데 더욱 유용하고 정교한 검사로 발전해 갈 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to develop a basic academic achievement test battery, KISE-BAAT(Korea Institute for Special Education-Basic Academic Achievement Tests) which provides information about a student's achievement and performance in reading, writing and math. In order to develop the test battery the concept and construct of basic academic achievement were investigated. Subsequently the framework of the test battery was developed, the achievement standards of test items were established and test items were developed based on the current seventh national curriculum. The item tryout of KISE-BAAT was administered to 1,499 students in grades K, 2, 5, 8, 12 and in college. Item difficulty and discrimination data were obtained. Items were selected by reviewing all data available. The national standardization was administered to 5,977 students in grades K through 9. Data obtained from the standardization test used to develop national norms for the test and reliability and validity of the test. The results of the study is as follows. First, KISE-BAAT, a test battery for an individual, consists of three tests of reading, writing and math. Each test has Form A and Form B. KISE-BAAT is used to assess the achievement of an individual student of age 5 through 14. The data can be used for general instruction, remedial instruction and evaluation of an educational program. Second, Several methods were used to estimate the reliability of KISE-BAAT. Alternate-form reliability coefficient of KISE-BAAT(Reading) is .82, KISE-BAAT(writing) .69, KISE-BAAT(Math) .89. As for Split-half Reliability coefficient of each alternate form of KISE-BAAT(Reading) shows .93 and .92. In KISE-BAAT(writing) .91 and .94 are presented. In KISE-BAAT(Math) .98 in common. Item response theory reliability coefficient of each alternate form of KISE-BAAT(Reading) are .98 in common. In KISE-BAAT(writing) .90 and .92 are presented. In KISE-BAAT(Math) .97 and .99 are presented. The standard error of measurement of each alternate form of KISE-BAAT(Reading) is .76 and .85, for KISE-BAAT(writing) .90 and .92 and for KISE-BAAT(Math) 2.11 and 2.32. Test-retest reliability coefficient of each alternate form of KISE-BAAT(Reading) are .96 in common. In KISE-BAAT(writing) .95 and .96 are presented. In KISE-BAAT(Math) .98 is presented in common. Third, the criterion-related validity of KISE-BAAT in terms of the relationship with KEDI-Basic Academic Ability Test was examined. The validity coefficient of each alternate form of KISE-BAAT(Reading) and Reading II of KEDI-Basic Academic Ability Test showed .50 and .56 repectively. The validity coefficient of each alternate form of KISE-BAAT(Writing) and Reading I of KEDI-Basic Academic Ability Test showed .68 and .67 respectively. Reading I of KEDI-Basic Academic Ability Test was matched to KISE-BAAT(Writing) since it has features of writing ability. The validity coefficient of each alternate form of KISE-BAAT(Reading) and Writing of KEDI-Basic Academic Ability Test showed .51 and .68. The validity coefficient of each alternate form of KISE-BAAT(Math) and Computing of KEDI-Basic Academic Ability Test showed .70 and .75. As for intercorrelation coefficents between subtests KISE-BAAT(Reading) range form .23 to .93. In KISE-BAAT(Writing) from .70 to .96 and in KISE-BAAT(Math) from .81 to .94. Based on all the data mentioned above KISE-BAAT can be said a reliable and valid test battery which assess students' ability in reading, writing and math. However, KISE-BAAT should be modified and complemented in order to compensate its own limitations. Future research on item bias analysis and generalizability needs to be done. Criterion-related validity to examine the relationship with other psychological tests or achievement tests also should be done to validate KISE-BAAT further. Case studies and suggestions from test users will also contribute to improve KISE-BAAT.

탈회상아질기질이 임프란트의 골유착에 미치는 영향

박석인,류선열 전남대학교 치과대학 1995 전남치대논문집 Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of demineralized dentin matrix on osseointegration of implants. Seven mongrel dogs of either sex, weighing about 15kg, were used. The lower 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th premolars of both sides were extracted under general anesthesia. Implants were inserted 3 months after extraction of the teeth. In the control group, socket wall around the implant was sutured without any graft material. The experimental groups were divided into the two : the DDM group was filled with demineralized dentin matrix into the hole of the implant and the DDCM group filled with demineralized dentin and collagen matrix. The animals were killed 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12th weeks after the implantation. Tissue specimens obtained were processed for light and fluorescent microscopic examination. Results obtained were as follows : 1. At one week after the implantation fibrous connective tissue from the surrounding periosteum was observed at the superior portion of the alveolar bone-implant interface and blood clot was formed within the hole of the implant in control group. Endosteal proliferation from the cut surface of the compact bone was observed in the both experimental groups. 2. At two weeks after the implantation the interspace between the alveolar bone and implant became narrow, and endosteal proliferation and woven bone formation from the cut compact bone were noted in control group. Newly formed trabecular bone was blended with demineralized dentin matrix in the both experimental groups. 3. At four weeks after the implantation some fibrous tissues were still observed in the interspace between the alveolar bone and implant in control group. However, with osteoinduction and osteoconduction by deminealized dentin matrix, osseointegration without intervening of fibrous tissue was observed in the both experimental groups. 4. At eight and twelve weeks after the implantation a complete osseointegration was noted and demineralized dentin matrix was almost resorbed in all groups. 5. By fluorescent microscopic examination, bone formation and osseointegration were noted earlier in the experimental groups than in the control group. 6. Bone healing of the DDCM group was similar to that of the DDM group. These results suggest that demineralized dentin matrix can be used as a useful material for early fixation of implants by promoting new bone formation and osseointegration of implants.

제주도 용암동굴의 분포와 암층연구

박행신,손인석 濟州大學校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 1984 科學敎育 Vol.1 No.-

According to this thes is, we discovered 19 Lava caves in this investigat-ion. Therefore, we can find that the number of Lava caves in Cheju Island is 61 in all includmg 42 that has been discovered up to now. From the viewpoint of distributional areas, there are seven areas in Cheju city, there in Jochun Myun. twelve in Kujwa Eub, four in Sungsan Eub. one in Pyosun Myun, four in Namwn Eub, seven in Seogwipo, two i n Hankyung Myun, fourteen in Hallim Eub, five in Aeweol Eub two Anduk Myun. We can guess that the number of Lava caves in Cheje Island will be increa-sing. Most of Lava strata in Cheju Island were formed in Alkali Lava strata of Hahyo Ri. The thickness of this Lave strata ranges from 1.6m in minimum to 76.6m in maximum. At the time of forming these caves, there aremany eruptions. Most of Most of Lava caves in this investigation are small scale, but these are formed as two-strata or three-strata, but there are formed in several strata , this fact indicates that there are lava eruptions many times.

늑막삼출액의 fibronectin 농도와 Adenosine Deaminase활성도의 암과 결핵에서의 감별진단적 의의

박승국,전영준,여인석 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1990 계명의대학술지 Vol.9 No.3

The differential diagnosis of pleural effustioin remains to be solve. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic values of the fibronectin concentration and andevosine deaminase activity in the differentiation between tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion. The activity of adenosine deaminase and the concentration of fibronectin were investigated in pleural effusions from 10 patients with tuberculous pleurisy and 10 patients with malignant effusion. The mean ADA activity was significantly higher in the tuberculous pleurisy (74.01±24.05 U/L) than in the malignant pleural effusion(15.46±13.08 U/L). Based on the lowest value of ADA activity found in the tuberculous pleurisy (45 U/L), the test had a sensitivity of 1 and a specificity of 1. There was no difference between the fibronectin concentration of pleural fluid in the tuberculous pleurisy (306.62±50.52mg/ml) and in the malignant pleural effusion (250.50±144.28㎍/ml) By discriminant analysis, the ADA activity was good indicator for differentiation of tuberculous from malignant pleural effusion (% of correctly classified = 95%) and the simultaneous determinations of both parameters in not more efficient tn the differential diagnosis than in determination of only ADA activity. The present study showed that determination of ADA in pleural fluid is of great value in the differentiation between tuberculous pleurisy and malignant pleural effusion.

소아 천식 환자에서 전신 염증 유형에 따른 천식의 특성

설인숙 ( In Suk Sol ),김윤희 ( Yoon Hee Kim ),이희선 ( Hee Seon Lee ),김민정 ( Min Jung Kim ),한윤기 ( Yoon Ki Han ),박영아 ( Young A Park ),김경원 ( Kyung Won Kim ),손명현 ( Myung Hyun Sohn ),김규언 ( Kyu Earn Kim ) 대한소아알레르기호흡기학회 1992 소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회지 Vol.2 No.3

Purpose: Asthma is a chronic airway inflammation. We evaluated whether systemic inflammatory patterns could reflect the nature of airway inflammation. We assessed characteristics of asthma according to systemic inflammatory patterns. Methods: A total of 413 children with asthma were enrolled in the study. Four systemic inflammatory patterns were classified according to eosinophil and neutrophil counts in peripheral blood. Children with neutrophil count≥5,000/μL were defined as the NEUhi group, those with neutrophil count <2,720/μL as the NEUlo group. The intermediate group with neutrophil count between 2,720/μL and 5,000/uL was excluded from the study. Children with eosinophil≥650/μL were defined as the EOShi group, those with eosinophil count<240/μL as the EOSlo group. The remaining patients were excluded from the study. The characteristics of asthma include pulmonary function test results, bronchodilator response, airway hyperresponsiveness, and atopy. Results: The EOShi group had a lower PC20 (provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]), a lower FEV1, and a higher immunoglobulin E level rather than the EOSlo groups, although there were no significant differences between the NEUhi and NEUlo groups. The eosinophil percentages of the induced sputum samples were higher in the EOShi group than the EOSlo group and correlated with blood eosinophil counts. Conclusion: Eosinophilic inflammation was related to characteristics of asthma and sputum eosinophils. However, neutrophilic in- flammation reflected neither asthma features, sputum neutrophils, nor eosinophilic inflammation. Further studies on blood neutrophils involving asthma phenotypes in terms of more specific characteristics of asthma should be needed in children. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2014;2:165-170)

Treadmill 부하 Program 영역이 성인비만여성의 신체조성에 미치는 영향

이석인,박재석 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2003 體育硏究 Vol.- No.18

The purpose of this study is to compare the difference between the treadmill load during the oxygen-consuming exercise and constant velocity oxygen-consuming treadmill program through controlling the velocity after setting the treadmill load during the oxygen-consuming exercise in several stages subjecting the adult fat women group(Fat)30%, N=10), and then to provide the basic data to develop the adequate treadmill exercise program which can decrease the fat risk with the base of the change of the physical composition(body weight, body fat rate, body fat volume, total fat rate, and body water volume) of the adult fat women group. The 10 minutes of the warming-up exercise, 10 minutes of the summary exercise, and the main exercise(treadmill load program, constant velocity treadmill program) was set as 25 ~ 45 minutes according to the individual difference, and the subject people were asked to walk or run according to the treadmill program, and the intensity of the exercise was applicable to 65 ~ 90% of the maximum cardiac pulse frequency, that is, in the extent of 65 ~ 90% of HRmax the program was executed. In order to examine the difference between before and after the exercise, the paired t-test was applied, and in order to examine the influence on effects of the individual group(group), between before and after the event(time), and group and the interaction between before and after the event(group x time), the two-way ANOVa which is the examination for the average difference of the estimated variable was executed, and the acceptance standard for the proposition was set up as P〈.05. 1. In the group of the treadmill load program, the body weight was decreased between before and after the exercise(P〈.01), and in the group of the constant velocity treadmill program, the body weight was decreased between before and after the exercise(P〈.05). Additionally, the influence on the body weight in each group didnot show the meaningful difference statistically among those groups, but there was very meaningful difference between before and after the exercise(P〈.001), and there was no meaningful difference in the interaction about between the before and after exercise and among groups. 2. In the group of the treadmill load program, the body fat rate was decreased between before and after the exercise(P〈.05), and in the group of the constant velocity treadmill program, the body fat rate was decreased between before and after the exercise, but there was no meaningful difference. Additionally, the influence on the body fat rate in each group did not show the meaningful difference statistically among those groups, but there was very meaningful difference between before and after the exercise(P〈.01), and there was no meaningful difference in the interaction about between the before and after exercise and among groups. 3. In the group of the treadmill load program, the body fat volume was decreased between before and after the exercise(P〈.01), and in the group of the constant velocity treadmill program, the body fat volume was decreased between before and after the exercise(P〈.05). Additionally, the influence on the body fat volume in each group did not show the meaningful difference statistically among those groups, but there was very meaningful difference between before and after the exercise(P〈.001), and there was no meaningful difference in the interaction about between the before and after exercise and among groups. 4. In the group of the treadmill load program, the body fat volume was increased between before and after the exercise(P〈.01), and in the group of the constant velocity treadmill program, the body fat volume was decreased between before and after the exercise(P〈.05), but there was no meaningful difference. Additionally, the influence on the body fat volume in each group did not show the meaningful difference statistically among those groups, and there was no meaningful difference in the interaction about between the before and after exercise and among groups. 5. In the group of the treadmill load program, the body water volume was decreased between before and after the exercise, and in the group of the constant velocity treadmill program, the body water volume was decreased between before and after the exercise, but there was no meaningful difference. Additionally, the influence on the body water volume in each group did not show the meaningful difference statistically among those groups, and there was no meaningful difference in the interaction about between the before and after exercise and among groups.