New Findings and Novel Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum APsulloc 331261 Isolated from Green Tea

Wilhelm Holzapfel,Yosep Ji 한국식품영양과학회 2020 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2020 No.10

Functional Lactic Acid Bacteria from Traditional Fermented Foods, Including Korean Kimchi

Wilhelm Holzapfel,Yosep Ji 한국식품영양과학회 2012 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2012 No.10

[S18-1] Beneficial Lactic Acid Bacteria, Probiotics and Human Health

Wilhelm Holzapfel 한국식품영양과학회 2009 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2009 No.11

GBAS ground monitoring requirements from an airworthiness perspective

Felux, Michael,Lee, Jiyun,Holzapfel, Florian John Wiley Sons 2015 GPS SOLUTIONS Vol.19 No.3

<P> The ground-based augmentation system (GBAS) provides corrections for satellite navigation signals together with integrity parameters to aircraft and enables precision approach guidance. It will eventually replace the currently used instrument landing system. GBAS Approach Service Type C stations supporting CAT-I operations have been fully developed and certified, and first stations are operational. For the service type D, which is intended to support CAT-III operations including automatic approaches and landings, requirements have been drafted and are currently undergoing validation. One remaining issue is the requirement for monitoring of ionospheric anomalies in the ground subsystem. Large gradients in the concentration of free electrons in the ionosphere can lead to significant positioning errors when navigation is based on differential methods. We give a review of the derivation of currently proposed performance requirements for such a monitor. Next, we show that the required level of safety from an airworthiness perspective can be achieved even with relaxed monitoring requirements compared to the currently drafted standards. These relaxations result from satellite geometry assessments on the ground and actual approach characteristics toward a runway. We show that with this method, it is sufficient to monitor for gradients in the range of about 450-550 mm/km while current standards require detection already from 300 mm/km. A remote monitoring receiver near the touchdown point can monitor the post-correction differential range error and use it as test statistic for GBAS performance monitoring and protection against ionospheric disturbances. </P>

Hepatoprotective Effects of Streptococcus thermophilus LM1012 in Mice Exposed to Air Pollutants

전민규,김태락,이지연,김현수,지요셉,Wilhelm H. Holzapfel,배동혁,최철웅,황용필 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.8

In this study, we explored whether the use of Streptococcus thermophilus LM1012 (TL-LM1012) as a safe probiotic exerts hepatoprotective effects by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation in vitro and alleviating aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production in vivo. In a series of safety tests, TL-LM1012 was found to have a negative response to hemolysis and biogenic amines, as well as susceptibility to antibiotics. TL-LM1012 protected cell viability and suppressed cytotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and induced heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase activity in a dose-dependent manner in diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEPM)-treated HepG2 cells. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, were suppressed in DEPM-treated splenocytes. In DEPM-treated mice, oral administration of TL-LM1012 regulated AST, ALT, and LDH production in the serum after 14 days of treatment. These findings indicate that TL-LM1012, a safe probiotic, provides a potent preventive or therapeutic effect against liver disease caused by air pollution.

Physiological Characteristics and Anti-obesity Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum K10

Seulki Kim,Eunchong Huang,Soyoung Park,Wilhelm Holzapfel,Sang-Dong Lim 한국축산식품학회 2018 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.38 No.3

This study aimed to investigate the physiological characteristics and anti-obesity effects of Lactobacillus plantarum K10. The α-amylase inhibitory activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and lipase inhibitory activity of L. plantarum K10 was 94.66±4.34%, 99.78±0.12%, and 87.40±1.41%, respectively. Moreover, the strain inhibited the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells (32.61±8.32%) at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. In order to determine its potential for use as a probiotic, we investigated the physiological characteristics of L. plantarum K10. L. plantarum K10 was resistant to gentamycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, vancomycin, and chloramphenicol. It also showed higher Leucine arylamidase, Valine arylamidase, and β-galactosidase activities. Moreover, it was comparatively tolerant to bile juice and acid, exhibiting resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus with rates of 90.71%, 11.86%, 14.19%, and 23.08%, respectively. The strain did not produce biogenic amines and showed higher adhesion to HT-29 cells compared to L. rhamnosus GG. As a result of the animal study, L. plantarum K10 showed significantly lower body weight compared to the high-fat diet group. The administration of L. plantarum K10 resulted in a reduction of subcutaneous fat mass and mesenteric fat mass compared to the high-fat diet (HFD) group. L. plantarum K10 also showed improvement in gut permeability compared to the HFD positive control group. These results demonstrate that L. plantarum K10 has potential as a probiotic with antiobesity effects.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus reuteri LM1071 via MAP kinase pathway in IL-1β-induced HT-29 cells

김태락,Kyoung-sook Choi,지요셉,Wilhelm H. Holzapfel,Min-Gyu Jeon 한국축산학회 2020 한국축산학회지 Vol.62 No.6

Lactic acid bacteria are well-known probiotics, conferring several health benefits. In this study, we isolated lactobacilli from human breast milk and identified Lactobacillus reuteri LM1071 (RR-LM1071) using 16S rDNA sequencing. We tested the hemolytic activity, biogenic amine production, and antibiotic susceptibility of this strain to assess its safety. RR-LM1071 was found to be negative for hemolytic activity and biogenic amine production, as well as was measured in susceptible level for antibiotics in the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. The adhesive properties of RR-LM1071 were higher than those of LGG in HT-29 cells, and showed a greater hydrophobicity than LGG in hexadecane solvent. Under inflammatory conditions, RR-LM1071 suppressed the mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-4 produced in IL-1β-induced HT-29 cells. Our results suggest that RR-LM1071 is a safe and valuable probiotic that can be used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Lactobacillus rhamnosus BFE5264, a Probiotic Strain Isolated from Traditional Maasai Fermented Milk

정해영,최상행,강지희,지요셉,박소영,Wilhelm Heinrich Holzapfel,Julius Maina Mathara,박건석 한국미생물·생명공학회 2019 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.47 No.1

Lactobacillus rhamnosus BFE5264, isolated from a Maasai fermented milk product (“kule naoto”), was previously shown to exhibit bile acid resistance, cholesterol assimilation, and adhesion to HT29-MTX cells in vitro. In this study, we re-annotated and analyzed the previously reported complete genome sequence of strain BFE5264. The genome consists of a circular chromosome of 3,086,152 bp and a putative plasmid, which is the largest one identified among L. rhamnosus strains. Among the 2,883 predicted protein-coding genes, those with carbohydrate-related functions were the most abundant. Genome analysis of strain BFE5264 revealed two consecutive CRISPR regions and no known virulence factors or antimicrobial resistance genes. In addition, previously known highly variable regions in the genomes of L. rhamnosus strains were also evident in strain BFE5264. Pairwise comparison with the most studied probiotic strain L. rhamnosus GG revealed strain BFE5264-specific deletions, probably due to insertion sequence-mediated recombination. The latter was associated with loss of the spaCBA pilin gene cluster and exopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes. Comparative genomic analysis of the sequences from all available L. rhamnosus strains revealed that they were clustered into two groups, being within the same species boundary based on the average nucleotide identities. Strain BFE5264 had a sister group relationship with the group that contained strain GG, but neither ANI-based hierarchical clustering nor core-gene-based phylogenetic tree construction showed a clear distinctive pattern associated with the isolation source, implying that the genotype alone cannot account for their ecological niches. These results provide insights into the probiotic mechanisms of strain BFE5264 at the genomic level.

Bacterial Community Structure Shift Driven by Salinity

Bo Ram Beck(백보람),Wilhelm Holzapfel,Cher Won Hwang(황철원),Hyung Ki Do(도형기) 한국생명과학회 2013 생명과학회지 Vol.23 No.3

강의 하류지역에서 미생물의 군집이 점진적인 염도의 증가에 따라 변한다는 것을 실험적으로 보기 위하여, 경북 형산강의 하류에서부터 연안해역으로 유입되는 곳까지 약 2.91 km 간격으로 0.02%, 1.48%, 2.63%, 3.62%의 염분을 포함하는 물 시료를 얻어 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)를 수행하였다. 계통분석, 계통수 및 각 시료간의 연관성을 조사한 결과, 미생물 군집의 변화가 염분의 증가에 따라 점진적으로 변화하는 것을 확인하였으며, 이는 염분의 농도가 미생물 군집에 큰 영향을 미치는 요소임을 제시한다. 덧붙여 연안 지역이나 다른 수계환경에 비해 하류지역은 염분의 점진적인 변화로 인해 좁은 면적에 비하여 미생물 다양성이 크고, 이는 곧 특이하고 새로운 종을 찾기에 좋은 장소임을 시사하였다. The influence of a gradual increase in salinity on the diversity of aquatic bacterial in rivers was demonstrated. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to analyze the bacterial community shift downstream in the Hyeongsan River until it joins the open ocean. Four water samples were taken from the river showing the salinity gradients of 0.02%, 1.48%, 2.63%, and 3.62%. The samples were collected from four arbitrary stations in 2.91 km intervals on average, and a DGGE analysis was performed. Based on the results of this analysis, phylogenetic similarity identification, tree analysis, and a comparison of each station were performed. The results strongly suggested that the response of the bacterial community response was concomitant to gradual changes in salinity, which implies that salt concentration is a major factor in shifting the microbiota in aquatic habitats. The results also imply a huge diversity in a relatively small area upstream from the river mouth, compared to that in open oceans or coastal regions. Therefore, areas downstream towards a river mouth or delta are could be good starting points in the search for new bacterial species and strains (“biotypes”).

Autoinducer-2 properties of kimchi are associated with lactic acid bacteria involved in its fermentation

Park, H.,Shin, H.,Lee, K.,Holzapfel, W. Elsevier Science Publishers 2016 International journal of food microbiology Vol.225 No.-

<P>Bacteria use the cell density-dependent quorum signalling system to regulate particular gene expressions. In food microbiology, signalling is well known for its relation to (foodborne) pathogenicity, food spoilage, and biofilm formation. Quorum quenching and inhibition are thus being considered as a feasible approach in food preservation and safety. In the case of the luxS-mediated universal quorum sensing using autoinducer-2 (AI-2), however, it could be a different issue. Several studies have reported a luxS AI-2 synthase homologue in numerous bacteria, comprising both pathogens and beneficial strains. A recent study has shown the AI-2 signal to restore the balance of the major phyla of the gut microbiota in antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. We measured the AI-2 activity of the lactic fermented food, kimchi, and found different AI-2 signalling intensities. In order to trace the origin of the signal production, we obtained 229 lactic acid bacterial isolates from the kimchi samples, and detected the AI-2 properties of each isolate using a modified-AI-2 bioluminescence assay. Our results showed isolates of dominant species of the genera Lactobacillus, Weissella and Leuconostoc which either produced or inhibited the AI-2 signal. No isolate of the dominant species Lactobacillus sakei (75 isolates) and Lactobacillus curvatus (28 isolates) showed AI-2 producing activity, while AI-2 inhibition could not be detected for any of the 31 Lactobacillus plantarum isolates. These results suggest the AI-2 activity of kimchi to result from the interaction of the associated microbial food cultures (MFCs) during fermentation. Thus far, only sparse information is available on AI-2 signalling interaction in fermented food, however, we suggest that fermented food may be a supplier of AI-2 signalling molecules via typical MFCs. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>