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Bacterial Community Structure Shift Driven by Salinity
Bo Ram Beck(백보람),Wilhelm Holzapfel,Cher Won Hwang(황철원),Hyung Ki Do(도형기) 한국생명과학회 2013 생명과학회지 Vol.23 No.3
강의 하류지역에서 미생물의 군집이 점진적인 염도의 증가에 따라 변한다는 것을 실험적으로 보기 위하여, 경북 형산강의 하류에서부터 연안해역으로 유입되는 곳까지 약 2.91 km 간격으로 0.02%, 1.48%, 2.63%, 3.62%의 염분을 포함하는 물 시료를 얻어 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)를 수행하였다. 계통분석, 계통수 및 각 시료간의 연관성을 조사한 결과, 미생물 군집의 변화가 염분의 증가에 따라 점진적으로 변화하는 것을 확인하였으며, 이는 염분의 농도가 미생물 군집에 큰 영향을 미치는 요소임을 제시한다. 덧붙여 연안 지역이나 다른 수계환경에 비해 하류지역은 염분의 점진적인 변화로 인해 좁은 면적에 비하여 미생물 다양성이 크고, 이는 곧 특이하고 새로운 종을 찾기에 좋은 장소임을 시사하였다. The influence of a gradual increase in salinity on the diversity of aquatic bacterial in rivers was demonstrated. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to analyze the bacterial community shift downstream in the Hyeongsan River until it joins the open ocean. Four water samples were taken from the river showing the salinity gradients of 0.02%, 1.48%, 2.63%, and 3.62%. The samples were collected from four arbitrary stations in 2.91 km intervals on average, and a DGGE analysis was performed. Based on the results of this analysis, phylogenetic similarity identification, tree analysis, and a comparison of each station were performed. The results strongly suggested that the response of the bacterial community response was concomitant to gradual changes in salinity, which implies that salt concentration is a major factor in shifting the microbiota in aquatic habitats. The results also imply a huge diversity in a relatively small area upstream from the river mouth, compared to that in open oceans or coastal regions. Therefore, areas downstream towards a river mouth or delta are could be good starting points in the search for new bacterial species and strains (“biotypes”).
Physiological Characteristics and Anti-obesity Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum K10
Seulki Kim,Eunchong Huang,Soyoung Park,Wilhelm Holzapfel,Sang-Dong Lim 한국축산식품학회 2018 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.38 No.3
This study aimed to investigate the physiological characteristics and anti-obesity effects of Lactobacillus plantarum K10. The α-amylase inhibitory activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and lipase inhibitory activity of L. plantarum K10 was 94.66±4.34%, 99.78±0.12%, and 87.40±1.41%, respectively. Moreover, the strain inhibited the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells (32.61±8.32%) at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. In order to determine its potential for use as a probiotic, we investigated the physiological characteristics of L. plantarum K10. L. plantarum K10 was resistant to gentamycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, vancomycin, and chloramphenicol. It also showed higher Leucine arylamidase, Valine arylamidase, and β-galactosidase activities. Moreover, it was comparatively tolerant to bile juice and acid, exhibiting resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus with rates of 90.71%, 11.86%, 14.19%, and 23.08%, respectively. The strain did not produce biogenic amines and showed higher adhesion to HT-29 cells compared to L. rhamnosus GG. As a result of the animal study, L. plantarum K10 showed significantly lower body weight compared to the high-fat diet group. The administration of L. plantarum K10 resulted in a reduction of subcutaneous fat mass and mesenteric fat mass compared to the high-fat diet (HFD) group. L. plantarum K10 also showed improvement in gut permeability compared to the HFD positive control group. These results demonstrate that L. plantarum K10 has potential as a probiotic with antiobesity effects.
정해영,최상행,강지희,지요셉,박소영,Wilhelm Heinrich Holzapfel,Julius Maina Mathara,박건석 한국미생물·생명공학회 2019 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.47 No.1
Lactobacillus rhamnosus BFE5264, isolated from a Maasai fermented milk product (“kule naoto”), was previously shown to exhibit bile acid resistance, cholesterol assimilation, and adhesion to HT29-MTX cells in vitro. In this study, we re-annotated and analyzed the previously reported complete genome sequence of strain BFE5264. The genome consists of a circular chromosome of 3,086,152 bp and a putative plasmid, which is the largest one identified among L. rhamnosus strains. Among the 2,883 predicted protein-coding genes, those with carbohydrate-related functions were the most abundant. Genome analysis of strain BFE5264 revealed two consecutive CRISPR regions and no known virulence factors or antimicrobial resistance genes. In addition, previously known highly variable regions in the genomes of L. rhamnosus strains were also evident in strain BFE5264. Pairwise comparison with the most studied probiotic strain L. rhamnosus GG revealed strain BFE5264-specific deletions, probably due to insertion sequence-mediated recombination. The latter was associated with loss of the spaCBA pilin gene cluster and exopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes. Comparative genomic analysis of the sequences from all available L. rhamnosus strains revealed that they were clustered into two groups, being within the same species boundary based on the average nucleotide identities. Strain BFE5264 had a sister group relationship with the group that contained strain GG, but neither ANI-based hierarchical clustering nor core-gene-based phylogenetic tree construction showed a clear distinctive pattern associated with the isolation source, implying that the genotype alone cannot account for their ecological niches. These results provide insights into the probiotic mechanisms of strain BFE5264 at the genomic level.
김태락,Kyoung-sook Choi,지요셉,Wilhelm H. Holzapfel,Min-Gyu Jeon 한국축산학회 2020 한국축산학회지 Vol.62 No.6
Lactic acid bacteria are well-known probiotics, conferring several health benefits. In this study, we isolated lactobacilli from human breast milk and identified Lactobacillus reuteri LM1071 (RR-LM1071) using 16S rDNA sequencing. We tested the hemolytic activity, biogenic amine production, and antibiotic susceptibility of this strain to assess its safety. RR-LM1071 was found to be negative for hemolytic activity and biogenic amine production, as well as was measured in susceptible level for antibiotics in the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. The adhesive properties of RR-LM1071 were higher than those of LGG in HT-29 cells, and showed a greater hydrophobicity than LGG in hexadecane solvent. Under inflammatory conditions, RR-LM1071 suppressed the mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-4 produced in IL-1β-induced HT-29 cells. Our results suggest that RR-LM1071 is a safe and valuable probiotic that can be used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Probiotic Property and Anti-Obesity Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KC3
Kim, Seulki,Huang, Eunchong,Ji, Yosep,Holzapfel, Wilhelm Helnrich,Lim, Sang-Dong Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2022 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.42 No.6
Lactic acid bacteria are representative probiotics that have beneficial effects on humans. Nineteen strains among the 167 single strains from kimchi was selected and their physiological features were investigated. The selection of a strain was based on strong enzyme (lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase) inhibitory activities and anti-obesity effects in the adipocytes. For the final selection, the strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KC3 was tested for its potential as a starter. To assess its functionality, a freeze-dried culture of L. plantarum KC3 was administered to a diet-induced obese mouse model receiving a high-fat diet. The animal group administered with L. plantarum KC3 showed significant body weight loss during the 12-week feeding period compared to the high-fat control group. This study investigated the physiological characteristics of selected strain and evaluated its potential as an anti-obesity probiotic in mice.
Lee, Seul Gi,Kim, Jinhye,Park, Hyunjoon,Holzapfel, Wilhelm,Lee, Kwang-Won Elsevier 2018 Food and chemical toxicology Vol.111 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>In vitro</I> digestion/Caco-2 or pig small intestinal epithelium cell line (PSI) uptake models were used to study the bioaccessibility and cellular uptake of arsenic (As) in cooked white rice and brown rice. The arsenite(AsIII), was the predominant species in cooked rice and in its bioaccessible fractions. The percentage of total As bioaccessibility in white rice (75%) was slightly higher (p=0.061) than that in brown rice(66%). However, there was no difference in the inorganic As (iAs) bioaccessibility between white rice (95%) and brown rice (96%). In Caco-2 cell monolayer, total As retention was 7-31%, transport was 4-25%, and uptake (sum of retention and transport) was 16-38%. In PSI cell model, the retention, transport, and uptake of tAs were 10-28%, 14-31%, and 29-50%, respectively. In both cells, the cellular uptake of tAs in brown rice was 1.4-1.5 folds lower (p<0.05) than that of white rice. These results indicate that the cellular uptake of As can be affected by nutritional compositions. These in vitro screening methods can serve as preliminary screens to predict the relative impact in rice matrix having different As species and processing conditions, although more research efforts should be applied to validating the existing <I>in vitro</I> methods</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cooking effect on speciation of arsenic (As) is assessed. </LI> <LI> Digestion/cell model are used for bioaccessibility and cellular uptake of As. </LI> <LI> Arsenic bioaccessibility in GI fractions are higher than that in the G fractions. </LI> <LI> Total As bioaccessibility is lower in the brown rice than white rice. </LI> <LI> Cellular uptake of brown rice is lower than that of white rice. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>