임신 중기 태아 맥락총 낭종 119예의 추적 조사: - 18번 삼염색체증과의 연관성 여부를 중심으로 -

이은혜(Eun Hye Lee),이유미(You Me Lee),신명철(Myung Choel Shin),민유선(Yu Seon Min),이상희(Sang Hee Lee),김현철(Hyeon Chul Kim),김종욱(Jong Wook Kim),이숙환(Sook Hwan Lee),이위현(Wee Hyun Lee),조진호(Jin Ho Cho),이정노(Chung No Lee) 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.7

목적 : 임신 중기 태아 맥락총 낭종의 임상적 의미를 알아보고자 하였으며 특히 18번 삼염색체증과의 연관성에 중점을 두었다. 연구 방법 : 1998년 3월부터 1999년 6월까지 4,948명의 단태 임산부에서 선별 초음파검사를 시행하여 132예의 맥락총 낭종을 발견하였다. 그 중 정밀 초음파검사와 추적 검사를 받은 119예를 대상으로 하였다. 단독 맥락총 낭종은 91예, 고위험군의 맥락총 낭종은 28예였는데, 단독 맥락총 낭종은 일반 산모의 태아에서 발견된 맥락총 낭종이면서, 정밀 초음파검사에서 다른 이상 소견이 없는 경우로 정의하였다. 태아 맥락총 낭종이 염색체 검사를 필요로 하는 고위험 산모에서 발견되거나, 일반 산모의 태아 맥락총 낭종이라도 정밀 초음파검사에서 다른 이상 소견이 있으면 고위험군의 맥락총 낭종으로 정의하였다. 염색체 검사는 39예에서 시행하였다. 단독 맥락총 낭종 집단과 고위험군의 맥락총 낭종 집단에서 낭종이 발견 및 소실 시기, 낭종의 크기, 양측성, 다발성 및 복합성을 비교하였다(t-test, chi-square test; p<0.05). 정밀 초음파검사, 추적 초음파검사, 염색체 검사 및 분만 결과를 알아보았다. 결과 : 맥락총 낭종의 발견 시기는 단독 맥락총 낭종 집단과 고위험군의 맥락총 낭종 집단에서 차이가 없었다 (19±2 vs 18±1주; p>0.05). 낭종의 크기(6.4 vs 6.2 mm), 양측성(60% vs 57%), 다발성(66% vs 57%), 및 복합성(8% vs 14%)도 차이가 없었다. 맥락총 낭종은 크기에 상관없이 소실되었으며 소실 시기도 차이가 없었다(25±3 vs 26±3주). 단독 맥락총 낭종을 가진 태아는 출생후의 소아과 진찰이나 양수 천자에서 모두 정상으로 밝혀졌다. 고위험군의 맥락총 낭종 28예 중에는 18번 삼염색체증이 2예, 21번 삼염색체증이 1예 있었다. 삼염색체증을 가진 태아들은 모체혈청 선별검사가 양성이거나 정밀 초음파검사에서 다른 이상 소견이 있었다. 나머지는 정상으로 밝혀졌다. 결론 : 맥락총 낭종이 초음파검사에서 다른 이상소견과 동반되어 있다면 염색체 이상의 위험도가 매우 높으므로 반드시 염색체 검사가 필요하다. 그러나 단독 맥락총 낭종을 가진 태아는 염색체 이상의 위험도가 매우 낮은 것으로 알려져 있고, 본 연구에서 18번 삼염색체증은 한 예도 없었다. 따라서 일반 산모의 태아에서 발견된 맥락총 낭종은 염색체 검사의 적응증이 아니라, 정밀 초음파검사의 적응증으로 인식해야 한다. Objective: To evaluate the clinical significance of fetal choroid plexus cysts (CPCs) in the second trimester, especially an association with trisomy 18. Methods: From March 1998 through June 1999, second trimester screening ultrasonography was performed on 4,948 unselected single-ton pregnancies. CPCs were noted in 132 fetuses. Among them, detailed ultrasonography and follow-up was possible in 119 cases and they were recruited into the study. There were 91 cases of isolated CPCs and 28 cases of CPCs in high-risk population. Isolated CPCs were defined as: mother did not have any risk factors requiring amniocentesis and there were no other sonographic abnormalities on detailed ultrasound. CPCs in high-risk population were defined as: mother had any risk factor requiring karyotyping or there were any other sonographic abnormalities although she was general population. Amniocentesis was performed in 39 cases. We compared gestational age at time of detection, size, bilaterally, multiplicity, and complexity of CPCs in the group of isolated CPCs and CPCs in high-risk population (t-test, chi-square test; p<0.05). We evaluated the findings of detailed and follow-up ultrasonography, karyotypes, and final outcomes of pregnancy.Results: Gestational age at time of detection was not different in both groups of isolated CPCs and CPCs in high-risk population (19±2 vs 18±1 wk, p>0.05). Mean size (6.4 vs 6.2 mm), bilaterality (60% vs 57%), multiplicity (66% vs 57%), and complexity (8% vs 14%) of CPCs were also similar. All CPCs were disappeared irrespective of size and mean time of disappearance was 25±3 and 26±3 week, respectively (p>0.05). All cases of isolated CPCs resulted in phenotypically-normal neonates. It was confirmed by either amniocentesis or postnatal examination by the pediatrician. Among fetuses having CPCs in high-risk population, two trisomy 18 and one trisomy 21 were detected. All of them had positive result of maternal serum marker test and/or sonographic abnormalities. Remaining cases were proved normal.Conclusion: The risk of chromosome abnormalities is very high when CPCs are associated with other abnormalities on detailed ultrasound, indicating a clear need to offering genetic amniocentesis. As contrast, the risk of chromosome abnormalities for a case of isolated CPCs is very low, and in this series there was no trisomy 18. Therefore isolated CPCs should be considered as the indication of detailed ultrasound examination, but not routine karyotyping.

골반경하 전자궁적출술(TLH)과 골반경하 근막하 자궁절제술(CISH) 및 복식 전자궁 적출술(TAH)의 임상적 고찰

이상걸,차선희,신명철,김종욱,김현철,선우태원,이위현,조진호,이정노 대한산부인과내시경학회 2000 대한산부인과내시경학회잡지 Vol.12 No.1

In vivo effects of Panax ginseng extracts on the cytochtome P450-dependent monooxygenase system in the liver of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin-exposed guinea pig

Lee, Hyung-Chul,Hwang, Sang-Gu,Lee, Young-Gu,Sohn, Hyung-Ok,Lee, Dong-Wook,Hwang, Seok-Youn,Kwak, Yi-Swong,Wee, Jae-Joon,Joo, Woo-Hong,Cho, Yong-Kweon,Moon, Ja-Young Institute of Genetic Engineering Changwon National 2002 Gene and Protein Vol.6 No.-

The effects of the subchronic administration of Panax ginseng extracts were examined on the hepatic cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase system of guinea pigs pre-exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Panax ginseng extracts were intraperitioneally administered to guinea pigs at 100 ㎎/㎏/day for 14 days from 1 week after a single intraperitoneal injection of 1 ㎍ of TCDD/㎏ of body weight. TCDD treatment increased the total cytochrome P450 content 2.86-fold, and this was remarkably inhibited by the administration of Panax ginseng extracts. Treatment with ginseng extract alone also decreased the contents of cytochrome P450 by 33%, but both TCDD and ginseng extracts had no effect on cytochrome b_5 content. The administration of TCDD resulted in a 1.73-fold increase in microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activity in the guinea pig liver, and this was significantly inhibited by ginseng extracts, but treatment with ginseng extracts alone had no effect on its activity, and no statistical changes in the activity of NADPH-cytochrome b_5 reductase were observed in guinea pig liver due to TCDD and/or ginseng extract administration. Compared to the control, ECOD activity remarkably (1.76-fold) increased after TCDD administration, but this increase was completely inhibited by treatment with ginseng extract. Treatment with ginseng extract alone resulted in a 50% reduction of ECOD activity. TCDD administration remarkably induced benzphetamine demethylation (BPDM) activity, while ginseng extract also slightly increased the enzyme's activity, but the induction attributed to ginseng extracts was not statistically significant. Even though administration of ginseng extracts slightly inhibited TCDD-induced BPDM activity, the inhibition was not statistically significant. These results indicate that ginseng extract exerts different effect on the induction of P450 isozymes. From these results, we suggest that panax ginseng extracts may act as an inhibitor of CYPIA rather than that of CYP2B. ⓒ 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All right reserved.

Electron Spin Resonance and Electron Spin Echo Modulation Spectroscopic Studies on the Structure and Reactivity of Pd(Ⅰ) Species In SAPO-11 Molecular Sleves

Lee, Chul Wee,Yu, Jong-Sung,Larry Kevan 순천대학교 기초과학연구소 1992 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.3 No.-

Dehydration, oxidation-reduction, and adsorbate (D_2O, CD_3OH, CO) interactions of PdSAPO_11 prepared by adding Pd(NH_3)_4Cl_2 during the synthesis of SAPO-11 have been studied and compared with (S)PdH-SAPO-11 and (i) PdH-SAPO-11 where (S) and (i) refer to solid-state ion exchange and impregnation, respectively. Diffuse reflectance spectra, electron spin resonance (ESR), and electon spin echo modulation (ESEM) spectroscopies are almost the same for the three differently prepared Pd-containing samples. ESR spectra of dehydrated samples at 600℃ show g_1=2.9 and 2.6 and g_1=2.1, which are assigned to two Pd(I) species. Adsorption of water on dehydrated samples induces decomposition of water and the formation of a Pd-oxygen radical complex. ESEM shows that, after adsorption of CD_3OH, the g_1=2.9 component of Pd(I) disappears and the g_1=2.6 Pd(I) coordinates to one methanol with a Pd-D distance of 0.39-0.40 nm. Pd(II) in SAPO-11 is reduced to Pd(I) by CO and forms at least two different Pd(I)-carbonyl complexes. Within the range of 0.5-1.0 mol % Pd in PdSAPO-11, it is most probable that the Pd ions are not in framework positions.

In vivo effects of panax ginseng extracts on the cytochrome p450-dependent monooxygenase system in the liver of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-exposed guinea pig

Lee,Hyung Chul,Hwang,Sang Gu,Lee,Young Gu,Sohn,Hyung Ok,Lee,Dong Wook,Kwak,Yi Swong,Wee,Jae Joon,Joo,Woo Hong,Cho,Yong Kweon,Moon,Ja Young 한국생명과학회 2001 한국생명과학회 학술발표회 Vol.33 No.-

The effects of the subchronic administration of panax ginseng extracts were examined on the hepatic cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase system of guinea pigs preexposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Panax ginseng extracts were intraperitoneally administered to guinea pigs at 100 ㎎/㎏/day for 14 days from 1 week after a single intraperitoneal injection of 1μg of TCDD/㎏ of body weight. TCDD treatment increased the total cytochrome P450 content 2.86-fold, and this was remarkably inhibited by the administration of panax ginseng extracts. Treatment with ginseng extract alone also decreased the contents of cytochrome P450 by 33%, but both TCDD and ginseng extracts had no effect on cytochrome b5 content. The administration of TCDD resulted in a 1.73-fold increase in microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activity in the guinea pig liver, and this was significantly inhibited by ginseng extracts, but treatment with ginseng extracts alone had no effect on its activity, and no statistical changes in the activity of NADPH-cytochrome b_5 reductase were observed in guinea pig liver due to TODD and/or ginseng extract administration. Compared to the control, ECOD activity remarkably (1.76-fold) increased after TCDD administration, but this increase was completely inhibited by treatment with ginseng extract. Treatment with ginseng extract alone resulted in a 50% reduction of ECOD activity. TCDD administration remarkably induced benzphetamine demethylation (BPDM) activity, while ginseng extract also slightly increased the enzymes activity, but the induction attributed to ginseng extracts was not statistically significant. Even though administration of ginseng extracts slightly inhibited TCDD-induced BPDM activity, the inhibition was not statistically significant. These results indicate that ginseng extract exerts different effect on the induction of P450 isozymes. From these results, we suggest that panax ginseng extracts may act as an inhibitor of CYP1A rather than that of CYP2B.

디피리다몰 부하 심근관류 SPECT의 장기예후 예측능

이영조,이명철,강위창,이명묵,이동수,정준기,강원준,천기정,장명진 대한핵의학회 2000 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.34 No.1

Purpose: Dipyridamole stress myocardial perfusion SPECT could predict prognosis, however, long-term follow-up showed change of hazard ratio in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. We investigated how long normal SPECT could predict the benign prognosis on the long-term follow-up. Materials and Methods: We followed up 1169 patients and divided these patients into groups in whom coronary angiography were performed and were not. Total cardiac event rate and hard event rate were predicted using clinical, angiographic and SPECT findings. Predictive values of normal and abnormal SPECT were examined using survival analysis with Mantel-Haenszel method, multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analysis and newly developed statistical method to test time-invariance of hazard rate and changing point of this rate. Results: Reversible perfusion decrease on myocardial perfusion SPECT predicted higher total cardiac event rate independently and further to angiographic findings. However, myocardial SPECT showed independent but not incremental prognostic values for hard event rate. Hazard ratio of normal perfusion SPECT was changed significantly (p<0.001) and the changing point of hazard rate was 4.4 years of follow up. However, the ratio of abnormal SPECT was not. Conclusion: Dipyridamole stress myocardial perfusion SPECT provided independent prognostic information in patients with known and suspected coronary artery disease. Normal perfusion SPECT predicted least event rate for 4.4 years. (Korean J Nucl Med 2000;34:39-54)

Epr Spectra of $\alpha$-1,2,3-$[H_{n}PV(IV)V_{2}W_{9}O_{40}]^{(7-n)-}$(n = 1, 2 or 3). The Effects of Protonation on the Electron Transfer Rate

Lee, Chul-Wee,So, Hyun-Soo,Lee, Kyu-Ryong Korean Chemical Society 1986 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.7 No.2

The solution epr spectra of ${\alpha}-1,2,3-[H_nPV(IV)V_2W_9O_{40}]^{(7-n)-}$were measured at various pH and three protonated species have been identified. The spectrum of $H_3PV(IV)Ⅴ_2$ consisting of 8 lines indicates that the V-OH-V bridge prevents effectively the electron transfer between the vanadium atoms. The spectrum of $H_2PV(IV)V_2$ consisting of 15 lines can be interpreted by assuming that the electron is hopping fast between the two vanadium atoms in the V-O-V sequence. The multi-line spectrum of $HPV(IV)V_2$ is interpreted as a poorly resolved 43-line spectrum which originates from the electron hopping among the three vanadium atoms with the forward and backward transition probabilities of 4:1 in the OH-V-O-V sequence.

Epr Study of the 10-Tungsto-2-vanado(Ⅳ, Ⅴ)phosphate Anion, [PV(Ⅳ)VW$_{10}O_{40}]^{6-}$

Lee, Chul-Wee,So, Hyun-Soo,Lee, Kyu-Ryong Korean Chemical Society 1986 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.7 No.1

The polycrystalline epr spectrum of ${\alpha}-1,\;2-[PV(IV)VW_{10}O_{40}]^{6-}$ doped into host crystals and its solution spectrum are reported. The solution spectrum consists of fifteen lines, indicating that the unpaired electron is hopping fast between the two vanadium atoms. The polycrystalline spectrum, which consists of three sets of fifteen lines, was analyzed as a spectrum of an I = 7 system and the epr parameters were determined. The spectrum cannot be interpreted by assuming that each line appears at the average magnetic field of two hyperfine lines expected for two uncoupled vanadium atoms.

O-Acylation of Heteropolyanions Containing Two Adjacent Vanadium Atoms

Lee, Chul-Wee,So, Hyun-Soo,Lee, Kyu-Ryong Korean Chemical Society 1988 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.9 No.6

Reaction of Keggin- or Dawson-type heteropolyanions containing two adjacent vanadium atoms with acetic anhydride in the presence of acid produced acylated anions. Heteropolyanions with one or no vanadium atom do not react under the same conditions, indicating that the acyl group is attached to the bridging oxygen atom between the two vanadium atoms. A characteristic infrared band at 1760 $cm^{-1}$ was observed for the acylated anions. The 8-line EPR spectrum shows that one of the vanadium atoms is reduced to V(IV ). The acylated heteropolyanions are easily hydrolyzed, and its acyl group can also be transferred to aniline.

Reactions of Oxomolybdenum (Ⅴ) with the 17-tungsto-2-phosphate Anion

Lee, Chul-Wee,So, Hyun-Soo Korean Chemical Society 1984 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.5 No.4

Reactions of $MoOCl_5^{2-}$ with ${\alpha}_2-[P_2W_{17}O_{61}]^{10-}$ have been studied spectrophotometrically and several complexes have been identified. The transient species initially formed is probably $[Mo_2O_4(P_2W_{17}O_{6l})_2]^{18-}$. At $pH {\le} 3$the visible spectrum changes gradually, indicating formation of a transient isomer of $[P-2Mo^VW_{17}O_{62}]^{7-}$, which again transforms into the stable isomer. The transient isomer absorbs light much more strongly than the stable isomer in the visible range. At $pH > 3 [P_2W^VW_{16}O_{61}]^{11-}$ is formed probably via the transient isomer of $[P_2Mo^VW_{17}O_{61}]^{7-}$.