보조호르몬요법을 받는 여성 유방암 환자의 모발 변화와 치료 실태에 대한 기초 연구

이재경 ( Jae Kyung Lee ),김창현 ( Chang-hyun Kim ),홍동균 ( Dongkyun Hong ),정경은 ( Kyung Eun Jung ),서영준 ( Young-joon Seo ),김창덕 ( Chang-deok Kim ),이진선 ( Jin Sun Lee ),권인선 ( In Sun Kwon ),박상현 ( Sanghyun Park ),이영 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회지 Vol.59 No.7

Background: Hormone therapy, which includes tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors, is the most common adjuvant therapy used for breast cancer. However, only a few studies have reported endocrine therapy induced alopecia. Objective: We investigated the effects of long-term adjuvant hormone therapy on hair in patients with breast cancer, in addition to patients’ concerns and current treatment for hair loss. Methods: Patients completed a questionnaire that included information on self-perceived hair changes after each adjuvant therapy session, distress, and current treatment for hair loss. Using a folliscope, we measured hair density and thickness in each patient and in healthy controls. Results: The study included 93 patients with breast cancer (mean age 51.9±9.8 years). The density and hair thickness were 106.36±21.85 hairs/cm2 and 0.07±0.01 mm in the patient group and 147.86±30.67 hairs/cm2 and 0.07±0.01 mm in the control group (n=98, mean age 52.10±8.40 years), respectively. The mean hair density was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group; however, no statistically significant intergroup difference was observed in hair thickness. Among 76 patients who perceived hair changes after adjuvant therapy, 71.1% (n=54) were distressed with regard to hair changes. However, only 7.8% of the patients, including two who were treated by dermatologists, currently received treatment for hair changes. Conclusion: Dermatologists should be familiar with hair changes in patients with breast cancer and provide appropriate education to encourage patients to consult dermatologists for hair loss and thinning after breast cancer treatment. (Korean J Dermatol 2021;59(7):521∼526)

運動競技와 關聯된 選手들의 心理的 變化 分析

이창준,오기녕 濟州大學敎 體育科學硏究所 1997 체육과학연구 Vol.3 No.-

There are violent emotion-changes, that is joy and anger, concerned with the outcome of a game through hot competition, sacrifice. endurance, and physical pain, and the like in sports activities. These make athletes feel their anxiety and burden psychologically. These also bring much difficulties and barriers to them. Thus their psychology is important, because the outcome of a game is up to how to control their emotional and psychological changes. This study is to examine and analyze the psychological changes of middle school students. high school students and university students which have bad effects on their sports activity. The results from such an analysis are as follows; 1) In exercising, they have a tendency to feel their own technique, the honor of their school, and their coach's attention in this order. They are also eager to do their best. 2) In a sports game, middle school students take part in the game with feeling much more psychological difficulties and barriers than those of high school students and university students. 3) After a game, all classes of students reflect on it and make up their minds to do their best for the next game. This attitude is shown by unversity students more than any other class. 4) In the relationship between a athlete and a coach, there is little consultation. This tendency has to do with all classes of the students. Above all, high school students have much more distance from their coach than any other class. So far as the kind of sport games is concerned. this tendency has little to do with team athletes. To have high confidence between athletes and their coach there needs to be familiar consultation and the methods of teaching athletes needs to be according to their individual personalities and peculiarities.

사염화탄소 투여 흰쥐에서 간섬유화 진행에 따른 Propranolol 의 약동학적 지표들의 변화

이민호,강주섭,강문수,윤병철,이오영,함준수,변재원,윤창옥 대한간학회 2001 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.7 No.2

Background/Aims : This study was designed to determine the effect of hepatic fibrotic severity on pharmacokinetics of propranolol in CC1q - treated rats. Methods - 1 mL/kg of 10% CC14 in olive oil was injected intramuscularly to rats twice weekly for 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks, respectively (n=6). Control (n=6) was a sham - injected equal dose of olive oil for 10 weeks. After intravenous bolus injection of 2 mg/kg propranolol to rats, the serum propranolol concentrations were analyzed for 4 hours at various time points by a HPLC - fluorimetric system, and pharmacokinetic parameters such as Co, MRT, AUC, Vdss, tl/2(p) and CLp were determined. Then, a small amount of hepatic tissue was obtained and subjected to determination of the hepatic 4 - hydroxyproline content, which confirmed the hepatic fibrotic severity. Results : The serum concentrations of propranolol at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours were significantly increased in CC1q-treated rats (p$lt;0.01). In proportion to the duration of CC4 treatment, Co and AUC were significantly increased, and Vdss and CLp were significantly decreased (p$lt;0.001). But MRT and t1/2(β) were not significantly changed. The hepatic 4 -hydroxyproline content was gradually increased in CC4-treated rats (p$lt;0.001). Conclusion - Gradual changes in pharmacokinetic parameters of propranolol were seen to be dependent on the hepatic fibrotic severity. We suggest that gradual dosage modification, according to their hepatic fibrotic severity, is necessary for many drugs administered to patients with chronic liver disease.(Korean J Hepatol 2001;7:181-188)

휴대폰 카메라용 자동초점 구동기의 충격해석

이성민,김봉석,송준호,이수훈,이혜진,이문구,송준엽,이창우 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

Recently, the robustness against daily impact is important according to portablization and downsizing of mobile electronics. Especially, almost parts of cellular phone should undergo drop test when they fall 1.5 m above ground. This test simulates the case when cellular phone slips through user's fingers while he is talking on the phone. This paper studies a drop test of auto focusing (AF) actuator for camera module in cellular phone. This component is composed of voice coil motor (VCM) as an actuator and leaf spring as a guide and suspension. The leaf spring's deformation is essential for the test because its permanent distortion disables the focusing, and then, a high quality photograph cannot be obtained. Up to now the drop test has been carried out after fabricating real AF actuator. We propose a dropt test model which simulates the drop test based on finite element analysis. This model makes us enable investigate the stress acting on the clamping and curved parts of leaf spring. Stress over Von Mises criterion lets the spring deformed permanently, and then AF actuator malfunctioned, It helps us to design and modify AF actuator without manufacturing the real product. And also, it saves the time and cost for the development of new products.

Hand Ball 選手들의 體格 體力에 關한 縱斷的 硏究

李昌俊,權純昌 제주대학교 1988 논문집 Vol.27 No.-

The paper aims at comparing and analyzing the physiques and physical of 20hand ball players of the regular national team from 1984 to 1987 in a yearly order. The results of this study are as follows. 1. In general, the physique factors of the players such as standing height, body weight, girth of chest and sitting height have a gradual increase every year. 2. In the items of muscular strength, agility and power, there becomes a gradual change every year and vice versa in the item of flexibility. On the other hand, some remarkable change can be seen in the items of muscular endurance and endurance. 3. In comparison with the physical fitness and physique of the world standard players, those of Korean players are not so good. However, if Korean players are stystematically trained with a scientific method, it is regarded that they make a good record in many games.

新文學批評 方法에 依한 韓國現代詩의 分析

李昌俊 檀國大學校英美文化硏究所 1981 英美文化 Vol.1 No.-

The analytical approach follows the critical methods of the so-called New Critics, I.A. Richarads, T.S. Eliot, Robert Penn Warren, Allen Tate, Philip Wheelwright, and so forth. The present writer proposes to analyze the poems by Lee Sang-wha, Kim So-wol, Han Yong-woon, Kim Ki-rim, Zeong Zi-yong, Kim Kwang-kyun, etc. The approach is based on an assumption that this kind of analysis will be contributive to the writing of Korean poetry as well as the criticism itself, for almost all studies on Korean poetry, undertaken by Korean critics, have been limited to source studies, explanations about the backgrounds, biographical studies, or the like. In "The Frontiers of Criticism," Eliot asserts that "there are limits, exceeding which in one direction literary criticism ceases to be literary and exceeding which in another it ceases to be criticism." He seems to be right when he maintains that Lowes's The Road to Xanadu, a study of the source and creative process for Coleridge's poems, "Kubla Khan" and "The Ancient Mariner," is a typical example that exceeds the limits of literary criticism. The kind of criticism that Eliot denounces causes the reader to lose contact with the poem as poem, and leads him to focus his attention to the poet himself. The Eliot's opinion-the present writer also agrees with it-that the critic's major task is to promote the understanding and enjoyment of the literary work itself seems to be most appropriate in Korea, since most of the literary critical essays have so for been on source studies, biographical studies, etc. I.A. Richards distinguishes the poetry of inclusion from that of exclusion. According to him, the poetry of inclusion widens experience and never excludes the opposite impulses. He maintains that the poetry of inclusion belongs to the highest order of poetry. On the other hand, the poetry of exclusion narrows down the experience and the opposite impulses, making the results lamentably sentimental. The poems by Lee Sang-wha and Kim So-wol may be considered to be good examples of the poetry of exclusion. Robert Penn Warren tries to define the pure and impure poetry. For example, the poem of Shelley and Tennyson, especially the former's "The Indian Serenade," are pure, but unfortunately their poetic effect tends to be unwholesome and sentimental; while the poems of Shakespeare, but their poetic effect, on the other hand, is more convincing and persuasive. The poems of Han Yong-woon are apparently impure, and therefore convincing and persuasive; while those of Kim So-wol, pure. In this respect, the poems of Han Yong-woon can be considered to be monumental in the history of Korean poetry. Allen Tate lops off the prefixes from intension and extension, thus making his metaphor, or Arnoldian touchstone, the "tension." He explains the extension to be equal to denotation, and the intension, to connotation. His view is that in a good poem the intension and the extension of language are one and the same thing and reinforce each other, while in bad poems they collide with each other and commit "the fallacy of communication." Seen from this point of view, the poems by Kim Ki-rim, Zeong Zi-yong, and Kim Kwang-kyun can be regarded as bad poems, for they are unsuccessful in communication, thus committing the fallacy of communication. Philip Wheelwright asserts that poetic language becomes alive and vibrant by reason of its semantic multiplicity-in-unity, and his so-called "semantic multiplicity-in-unit" leads to "plurisignation," which, he declares, differs from Empson's ambiguity as "both-and" differs from "either-or." The first one is a controlled variation and plurality of reference; the second is a looseness and duplicity of reference. He also insists that there is a tendency in poetic language for simile and plurisignation to blend into a metaphoric unit-in-diversith. Thus, he expains the plurisignative depth in a poem of Emily Bronte¨ wherein similes are expressed in very explicity terms, concluding that her poem approaches a metaphoric unity-in-diversity. the present writer attempts to analyze Zeong Zi-yong's "Measles" in order to demonstrate how well Wheelwrights theory can be applicable to the analysis of Korean poetry, for the "Measles" can be considered to be parallel to Bronte¨'s poem. In short, there are very few critiques which adopt the New Criticism methods to analyze the poem as poem in Korea, so there often exists a danger that this might mislead the poets to writing poems which may have no readers. Kim So-wol and Lee Sang-wha can be grouped into a poetic school whose mission seems to be narrowing down their experiences. There is a term "intellectual poetry" in Korea, and this word itself is a clear evidence that the Korean poets have been writing "the poetry of exclusion." Most Korean poets wrote poetry, making use of the poetic materials such as beautiful scenery in nature with the exception of Han Yong-woon, for he became a prodigy like an enfant terrible by writing impure poems, and left an everlasting monument in the history of Korean poetry. The poets like Kim Ki-rim and Kim Kwang-kyun are the ones who began the modernist movement. When we read the early poems of them, we can easily detect what poetasters they were. However, the poems of some poets like Kim So-wol, Zeong Zi-yong, and Han Yong-woon, especially the last poet, show many latent powers and possibilities of good poetry.

濟州島 陸上競技 長距離選手들의 記錄變化에 관한 調査硏究 : 道一周 驛傳競走大會를 中心으로 With Priority Given to the Long-distance Relay Around Cheju Island

李昌俊 제주대학교 1984 논문집 Vol.18 No.-

1971年 第1回 道一周驛傳競走大會부터 1984年 第14回 大會까지 出戰한 高等部 一般部 選手들을 對象으로 調査하였고 記錄變化를 分析한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. speed面에서 區間優勝者들은 第1回부터 4回까지 平均記錄은 高等部 256.2m/min, 一般部 263.4m/min, 第5回부터 8回까지 平均記錄은 高等部 293.5m/min, 一般部 298.5m/min, 第9回부터 14回까지 高等部 298.8m/min, 一般部 306.8m/min로 큰 變化를 가져왔다. 2. 濟州大學校 選手들의 5,000m記錄은 1982年의 平均은 16분 38초 8, 1983年은 16분 09초 4, 1984年은 15분 57초의 變化가 있었다. 3. 大會의 區間別 新記錄은 1982年이 高等部 4個, 一般部 9個, 1983年이 高等部 2個, 一般部 16個, 1984年이 高等部 16個, 一般部 7個의 記錄變化를 나타냈다. 4. 大會時에서 氣溫, 濕度, 地形, 風速, 風向이 記錄變化에 큰 影響을 미쳤다. The records of the high-school runners and the adult runners who participated in fourteen long-distance relays around Cheju Island from the year of 1971 to that of 1984 have been investigated. The changes in their records are summarized as follows; 1. In speed, the average record of the section winners from the 1st relay to the 4th was 256.2m/min for the high-school runners and 263.4m/min for the adult runners; from the 5th relay to the 8th, 293.5m/min for the high-school runners and 298.5m/min for the adult runners; from the 9th relay to the 14th, 298.8m/min for the high-school runners and 306.8m/min for the adult runners. The changes are enormous. 2. The average records of Cheju National University runners for 5,000m were 16min 38sec 8 in 1982, 16min 09sec 4 in 1983, and 15min 57sec in 1984. Such changes are revealed. 3. The new section records were 4 for the high-school runners and 9 for the adult runners in 1982; 2 for the high-school runners and 16 for the adult runners in 1983; and 16 for the high-school and 7 for the adult runners in 1984. Changes are shown in the part of new section records. 4. The changes of records were greatly influenced by temperature, humidity, terrain, wind velocity, and the direction of wind during the days of the relays.

Short term effects by acupuncture to SP3 on the autonomic blood flow control.

Lee, Seungmin,Chae, Younbyoung,Kim, Seung-Nam,Kim, Song-Yi,Park, Ji-Yeun,Kwark, Young-Rong,Kang, O-Seok,Lee, Hyejung,Yin, Chang Shik,Park, Hi-Joon Butterworths [etc.] 2010 Neurological research Vol.32 No.suppl1

<P>OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigated the short term effects of acupuncture on autonomic control of blood flow in healthy subjects. We also studied whether deqi (obtaining qi) sensations are correlated with these autonomic hemodynamic changes. METHODS: The experiment had a randomized, crossover design. Five healthy volunteers (age: 18-26 years) participated in this study. Acupuncture (2 Hz rotations for 10 seconds to 20 mm deep) was applied either to the acupuncture point SP3 or KI2 for 5 minutes. Non-invasively obtained continuous hemodynamic measurements of ultrasound Dopplerography were recorded at the radial artery before, during and after acupuncture stimulation. Cardiovascular autonomic tone was also recorded using power spectral analysis of heart rate variability. After acupuncture stimulation, the participants completed the acupuncture perception scales to measure the degree of deqi or pain they had experienced. RESULTS: Acupuncture stimulation to the acupuncture point SP3, when compared to the acupuncture point KI2, decreased the maximum systolic velocity. It also decreased low frequency component and increased high frequency component of heart rate variability, indicating that the decrease in systolic blood flow velocity was due to the increased parasympathetic response. Interestingly, warm, radiating and energetic feeling, which are related to deqi, had close correlations with the decrease in blood flow velocity. DISCUSSION: Acupuncture stimulation to the acupuncture point SP3 modulates the autonomic cardiovascular responses by enhancing parasympathetic function, and this may help to understand the therapeutic effects of acupuncture.</P>

선천눈꺼풀처짐 교정술 후 발생한 난시변화

이동섭,김준모,우경인,장혜란,Dong Sub Lee,Joon Mo Kim,Kyung In Woo,Hae Ran Chang 대한안과학회 2006 대한안과학회지 Vol.47 No.9

Purpose: To determine postoperative astigmatic changes after surgery for congenital ptosis and the astigmatic changes depending on surgical method and to discern cases of postoperatively developed anisometropia or amblyopia. Methods: Fifty-one patients who underwent surgery due to congenital ptosis were reviewed. Refraction or cycloplegic refraction was conducted preoperatively and 3 to 6 months after surgery to measure astigmatic changes. Astigmatic changes in operated eyes were compared to control eyes. Astigmatic changes were compared depending on surgical method. Results: The mean astigmatism was 1.33±1.29D preoperatively and 1.48±1.13D postoperatively (P=0.10) and the mean astigmatic change in the ptotic and control eye was an increase in cylinder +0.56±0.55D and +0.68±0.72D (P=0.37). The mean astigmatic change of patients receiving frontalis sling was +0.57±0.67D which was similar to those who received levator resection (+0.56±0.50D). Newly developed anisometropia was found in three patients postoperatively due to an increase in astigmatism, but newly developed amblyopia was not found. Conclusions: The increase of astigmatism by ptosis surgery was not statistically significant and there was no statistically significant difference when accounting for surgical method. However, it is necessary to monitor refractive error carefully in younger patients to prevent amblyopia because postoperative increase of astigmatism can cause anisometropia.

Anterior and Posterior Stabilization by One Stage Posterolateral Approach in the Unstable Fracture of Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Spine

Lee, Young-Min,Cho, Yang-Woon,Kim, Joon-Soo,Kim, Kyu-Hong,Lee, In-Chang,Bae, Sang-Do The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2006 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.40 No.1

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical results of anterior and posterior stabilization by one stage posterolateral approach for the unstable fracture of thoracolumbar and lumbar spine. Methods : By posterolateral approach with curved skin incision, unilateral facet and pedicle were removed. Through this route, corpectomy was performed, and then this space was replaced with mesh cage filled up with autologous bone graft. Both side pedicle screw fixation was followed to upper and lower levels. Results : Six of seven patients of this study showed neurological improvement. The other one patient showed no neurological change. One patient had postoperative infection, another patient had postoperative kyphosis. The other patient had epidural hematoma on operation site after surgery. And all patinets on this study made to have spinal stability except one patient happened postoperative kyphosis. Conclusion : In the unstable fracture of thoracolumbar and lumbar spine, one stage anterior and posterior stabilization and fusion by posterolateral approach seems to be an effective procedure, if we have more care and supplementation.