당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 Thrombin-Antithrombin Ⅲ 및 Plasmin-α_2-Plasmin Inhibitor 복합체의 임상적 의의

김경욱,김은숙,정상수,윤수지,박우일,이준희,남수연,안철우,문병수,김경래,차봉수,송영득,임승길,이현철,허갑범 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.5

연구배경:당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 섬유소용해 체계의 이상경향이 있어 그 결과로 여러 혈관합병증의 발생위험이 높다는 사실은 널리 알려져 있다. 그 기전은 아직 확실히 밝혀지지 않았으나, 고혈당으로 인한 혈장 단백질들의 비효소성 당화작용이나 산화성 스트레스로 인한 유리 라티칼 작용으로 응고항진이나 섬유소용해 활성의 저하를 유발하는 것으로 생각되고 있다. 최근 응고 및 용해인자와 그 억제자의 복합체들의 증가가 이 상태를 비교적 예민하게 반영한다고 알려져 있다. 방법:본 연구에서는 당뇨병 환자 101명과 정상 대조군 20명에서 혈장내 thrombin­antithrombin complex(TAT)와 plasmin­α₂­plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC)를 측정하여 비교하고, 당뇨병 환자에서 미세혈관 합병증과 대혈관합병증의 유무에 따른 차이와, 이미 혈관 질환의 위험인자로 알려져 있는 인자들간의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 결과:1. 환자의 분포를 살펴보면 혈관합병증이 있는 군은 85명, 혈관합병증이 없는 군은 16명이었고, 평균연령은 각각 57.9±14.1세, 49.9±16.6세로 혈관 합병증이 있는 군에서 더 나이가 많았고, 체질량지수는 23.2±3.4㎏/㎡, 24.1±3.4㎏/㎡로 두 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또 두 군간의 혈압 및 HbA1c, 공복혈당 및 인슐린과 C­peptide, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL­콜레스테롤, Lp⒜는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 미세혈관합병증이 있는 군에서 당뇨병의 유병기간이 길었다. 2. TAT 및 PIC의 농도는 정상 대조군에서는 2.8±1.2 ng/mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/mL이었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 9.5±22.6 ng/mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/mL이었다. TAT와 PIC 모두 당뇨병 환자군에서 정상 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었고(p<0.001), TAT/PIC ratio는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 3. 당뇨병 환자의 혈관합병증에 따른 TAT 및 PIC, fibrinogen 농도는 합병증이 없는 군은 각각 4.1±2.4ng/mL, 362.2±272.0ng/mL, 322.7±102.4mg/mL으로 PIC와 fibrinogen의 증가를 보였으나, 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 또 대혈관 합병증군에서는 각각 6.0±4.9 ng/mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/dL이었으며 미세·대혈관 합병증군에서는 10.4±6.4 ng/mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/dL으로 TAT의 증가를 보였으나 역시 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 4. 미세혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 PIC 농도가 유의하게 높았고(p=0.049), 대혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 총 콜레스테롤 농도가 유의하게 높았다(p=0.042). 5. 총 당뇨병 환자군에서 PIC는 fibrinogen과 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며(r=0.47, 0.31,-0.25), 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.67). 결론:이상의 결과에서 혈장 TAT 및 PIC 농도는 당뇨병 환자에서 정상 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가되어 있었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 연령의 증가와 유병기간이 혈액응고항진 및 용해의 장애에 큰 역할을 함을 알 수 있었으며, 총 당뇨병 환자군에 PIC와 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 용해의 장애가 동반되어 있다고 볼 수 있으며, 혈장 TAT 및 PIC는 혈관합병증으로의 진행을 예측하는 지표로서 유용하리라 생각된다. 또 혈당조절정도와 상관성이 있으므로 혈당조절후에 추적검사를 시행하여 합병증의 예방이 가능한지 추후 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. Background : Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolystic system is known as a predisposing factor of vascular complication in diabetes. Although the pathogenesis is not well known, non-enzymatic glycation reaction and the increase in production of free radicals due to an increased oxidative stress may be linked to the hypercoagulibility and hypofibrinolytic activity. As indices of abnormality in coagulation and firinolysis in peripheral blood, plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ complex (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) were measured. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether hypercoagulability exists in diabetic patients with or without vascular complication. Methods : In our study, we measured plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ compelx (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibit or complex (PIC) in 101 diabetic subjects and 20 controls. Comparing TAT and PIC levels in diabetic microvascular complication group, diabetic macrovascular complication group and controls, we examined correlation between risk factors associated with diabetic vascular complication. Results : 1. The group with diabetic vascular complication was older than group without complication. There was no significant difference in BMI, blood pressure, HbA_ic, blood sugar level, insulin, C-peptide, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, Lp (a) between two groups. The group with diabetic microvascular complication had longer duration of diabetes. 2. Concentration of TAT and PIC were 2.8±1.2 ng/ mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/ mL in controls and 9.5±22.6 ng/ mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/ mL in diabetic patients, respectively. TAT and PIC were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control (p<0.001). But TAT/PIC ratio was no significant difference between two groups. 3. In diabetic patients, concentration of TAT and PIC and fibrinogen were respectively 4.1±2.4 ng/ mL, 362.2±272.0 ng/ mL, 322.7±102.4 mg/ dL in group without vascular complication and 5.3±4.1 ng/ mL, 529.5±258.7 ng/ mL, 374.9±106.2 mg/ dL in group with microvascular complication, which group had increase in PIC and Fibrinogen but no significance after correction of age. Concentration of TAT and PIC and Fibrinogen were 60.±4.9 ng/ mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/ mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/ dL in macrovascular complication, and 10.4±6.7 mg/ mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/ mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/ dL in combined vascular complication which group showed increase of TAT but also had no significant increase after correction of age. 4. In diabetic microvascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.049) had significant high PIC concentration. In diabetic macrovascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.042) had significant high total cholesterol concentration. 5. In all diabetic patients, PIC was positively correlated with fibrinogen and HbA_1c and negatively correlated BMI (r=0.47, 0.31, -0.25). Only in daibetic patients without angiopathy, TAT was positively correlated with HbA_1c (r=0.67). Conclusion : In this study, plasma TAT and PIC concentration significantly increased in diabetic patients compared with controls, and PIC was increased in group with microvascular complication, TAT were increased in group with combined micro macrovascular complication. However, there was no significance relationship existed when correctinf for age. PIC was correlated with HbA_1c. TAT was correlated with HbA_1c only in the group without angiopathy. Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolysis were combined in diabetes, plasma TAT and PIC can be used as an index of vascular complication. Also we found the correlation with the degree of the blood glucose control. Therefore we need follow up study for the possibility of prevention of vascular complication after controlling the blood glucose to age-matched patients (J Kor Diaabetes Asso 25:354~363, 2001).

Effect of Hydride Reorientation on Delayed Hydride Cracking In Zr-2.5Nb Tubes

Yun Yeo Bum,Kim Young Suk,Im Kyung Soo,Cheong Yong Moo,Kim Sung Soo Korean Nuclear Society 2003 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.35 No.6

The objective of this study is to investigate the reorientation of hydrides with applied stress intensity factor, the peak temperature and the time when to apply the stress intensity factor in a Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube during its thermal cycle treatment. Cantilever beam (CB) specimens with a notch of 0.5 mm in depth made from the Zr-2.5Nb tube were subjected to electrolytic hydrogen charging to contain 60 ppm H and then to a thermal cycle involving heating to the peak temperature of either 310 or $380^{\circ}C$, holding there for 50 h and then cooling to the test temperature of $250^{\circ}C$. The stress intensity factor of either 6.13 or $18.4\;MPa\sqrt{m}$ was applied at the beginning of the thermal cycle, at the end of the hold at the peak temperatures and after cooling to the test temperature, respectively. The reorientation of hydrides in the Zr-2.5Nb tube was enhanced with the increased peak temperature and applied stress intensity factor. Furthermore, when the CB specimens were subjected to $18.4\;MPa\sqrt{m}$ from the beginning of the thermal cycle, the reoriented hydrides occurred almost all over the Zr-2.5Nb tube, surprisingly suppressing the growth of a DHC crack. In contrast, when the CB specimens were subjected to the stress intensity factor at the test temperature, little reorientation of hydrides was observed except the notch region, leading the Zr-2.5Nb to grow a large DHC crack. Based on the correlation between the reorientation of hydrides and the DHC crack growth, a governing factor for DHC is discussed along with the feasibility of the Kim's DHC model.

신경망 예측 HMM을 이용한 음절인식

김수훈,김상범,김주성,허강인 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1996 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.4 No.1

The exsiting CHMM is hard to express time-transient-variation. To solve such problem, we proposed a new method that is the hybrid network of the feed-forward networks and the HMM. The network is trained to predict the feature vector, varies in each time, is used instead of the mean vector in the HMM, Hence the dynamic feature of speech pattern is provided for the HMM. At the experiment, we compared the result of CHMM+MCEP, CHMM+MIX with NNPHMM. At the result, we got the recognition rates of 73.8% for NNPHMM.

고온에서의 P92강 용접부의 피로균열 성장거동

김범준,임병수 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 2002 論文集 Vol.53 No.1

To meet the demand for higher efficiency of power plant, high strength and heat resisting steels have been developed to improve the fatigue crack resisting properties under high steam pressure and temperature condition in power plants. As the result, P92 steel which has tempered martensitic 9% Cr and which is strengthened by replacing Mo with W, can be used for piping material that is critical in fossil power plant. Since the pipes are jointed by welding, the fatigue property, strength and life of weldment at high temperature is very important. In this study, the effect of high temperature on fatigue crack growth behavior in weld metal, HAZ(Heat Affected Zone) and base metal of P92 steel were investigated. Fatigue test was conducted under sinusodial waveform with constant load ratio(R=0.1) and frequency(f=20㎐) using CT specimens. Test temperatures were 600Δ℃. 650℃ and 700℃ and fatigue crack growth rates were characterized by the ΔK parameter at each test temperature.

K형 강관접합부의 보강효과에 관한 실험적 연구

김갑순,한병찬,성수용,김우범,정수영 충남대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.15 No.2

In current design, the strength formula for a Gusset-Tube connections stiffened with rib-plate is proposed only in the limited case because of its complexity of the behavior. So in this study, experimental study and finite element analysis were performed to investigate the behavior and strength of a Gusset-Tube connections stiffened with rib-plate. Because of limitations in loading capacity, the specimens were fabricated with 1/3 scale of full size. Tensile coupon tests and stub column tests were also carried out. Of primary interest here are the stiffened effect of Gusset-Tube connections considering lateral force ratio, gusset plate length, eccentricity, stiffened length. Consequently, we intend to obtain accumulated database to propose practical strength equation and suggest rational reinforcing method of Gusset-tube connection.

Landscape Simulation Model 분석을 이용한 자연 휴양림내 건축물의 시각적 영향에 관한 연구

김범수 건국대학교 자연과학연구소 1999 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.10 No.2

본 연구는 자연휴양림에서 경관에서 가장 영향을 미친다고 판단되는 건축물을 건축함에 있어서 거리에 따른 Landscape Simulation Model 을 사용하여 자연휴양림의 자연경관과 건축물과의 조화요인이 되는 경관의 평가 특성과 경관 구성과의 상호의존 관계를 규명하기 위해 수행하였다. 본 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 종합적 선호도에 대한 평가 결과 전반적으로 거리와 관찰자의 위치 및 식생이 평가에 영향을 미치고 있는 요인임을 알 수 있었다. 즉 숲의 외곽부인 임외와 임내 공통으로 관측자와 건축물의 거리가 근접함에 따라 종합적 선호도에 대한 평가가 낮아지고 있음이 판명되었다. 2. 거리에 다른 관측 지점에서 건축물과 전후의 경관 구성이 전경과 중경 및 원경의 구성이 명확한 경우가 단순한 경관 구성에 비해 높은 평가치를 보이고 있다고 판단한다. 3. 식생에 따른 평가치를 분석한 결과 낙엽 활엽수림의 평가가 침엽 활엽수림의 평가에 비해 평가치가 상대적으로 낮게 나타나고 있어 건축물이 입지하는 주변의 식생이 평가에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로 작용하고 있다고 판단 되었다. The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between the landscape organization and evaluating factors to harmonize the buildings with natural landscape using the landscape simulation models controled the distance and obtain some knowledges about the introduction of buildings into the recreation forest. Through this study, the results were summarized as follow. As the distance got to be near, the evaluation of comprehensive scenery and natural quality became low. At the survay points according to the distance the clear landscape organization showed a high value of scenery in comparision with the simple landscape organization. As the coniferous forest showed more high value in comparision with the deciduous forest, the forest type surrounding cottage is impotant factor evaluating the landscape in the recreation forest area.

교근과 이하선 및 하악골에 발생한 횡문근 육종의 치험례

정수일,박재범,이계영,김도균,안재진 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1998 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.20 No.1

회귀예측신경망을 이용한 음절인식

김주성,김상범,김수훈,허강인 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1996 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.4 No.1

In this paper, we perform the recognition test for Korean 100 monosyllabes using RPNN(recurrent prediction neural networks). The RPNN is trained to nonlinear predictor, accoding to time variation of speech pattern, is not use time sequential algorithm. In recognition experiment we got the recognition rate 69.0%, 72.30% and 71.20% using RTRL(real-time recurrent learning) training algorithm when the predition order is 2, 3 and 4.

쓰레기 埋立場 浸出水 處理施設 運轉 報告 (Ⅰ)

金秀生,玄龍範,鄭賑化 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1986 硏究報告 Vol.9 No.1

The result of the four-month survey of the leachate quality and treatment facility operation in the refuse landfill of Hwamyeong-dong. Pusan, is as follows: 1. For the efficient biological treatment of leachate, suitable amount of phosphorus should by supplemented, and as it has been made clear that in case of the period of reclaimation is long. BOD_(5)/COD_(Cr) is low whereas that of reclaimation is short. BOD_(5)/COD_(Cr) is high, BOD_(5)/COD_(Cr) ratio should be reflected in the designing of leachate treatment facilities. 2. In case of biological treatment includeed, the period of test working is required about 70 days. 3. As the atmospheric temperature has considerable effects on the operation of biological treatment plant, it is necessary to install aeration and retaining facility. 4. It has been found that more than 90% of treatment efficiency of refuse landfill in Hwamyeong-dong was maintained regardless of fluctuation of water quality, and the two step contact aeration system especially introduced too the Hwamyeong-dong treatment plant was maintaining continuous biological treatment efficiency.

뇌 아밀로이드 혈관병과 고혈압성 뇌출혈의 감별에 있어서 Apolipoprotein Eε4와 점상 출혈 분포의 유용성

김용범,이광호,이수주,나덕렬,조수진,정진상,이원용 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.1