Distribution of the Fairy Pitta (Pitta nympha) in the South Korea: A focus on protected areas

Gil-Pyo Hong(홍길표),Jae-Hoon Kim(김재훈),Seul-Gi Seo(서슬기),So-Yeon Cho(조소연),Bo-Yeon Hwang(황보연),Jong-Hyun Park(박종현),Seung-Yeon Lee(이승연),Ga-Young Kim(김가영),Wan-Hee Nam(남완희),Ha-Cheol Sung(성하철) 한국조류학회 2021 한국조류학회지 Vol.28 No.2

국내 팔색조(Pitta nympha) 분포 현황을 알아보고자 전국 국립공원 등 보호지역 중심으로 총 19개 지역을 조사하였고, 전문가 네트워크를 통해 자료를 보강하였다. 전국 19개 지역을 조사한 결과 북한산, 지리산 등 내륙지역 7개 국립공원에서는 팔색조가 확인되지 않았고, 경남 거제, 남해, 해남, 장흥 고흥 등 남해안과 인접한 12개 지역에서 팔색조 서식이 확인되었다. 또한 전문가 네트워크를 통해 수집한 팔색조 출현 위치 정보 82건을 분석한 결과, 전국 8개 광역지자체 모두 팔색조 서식이 확인되었고, 내륙지역(26.8%)보다 해안지역(73.2%)에서 더 많이 출현하였다. 연구 결과를 종합해보면, 우리나라의 팔색조는 주로 제주도와 남해안 지역을 중심으로 많이 분포하며, 그 보다 적은 개체수가 내륙 지역에 넓게 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. The present study investigated the current distribution of Fairy Pitta (Pitta nympha) in South Korea. A total of 19 study areas, including protected areas such as national and provincial parks in South Korea were surveyed, and additional data obtained from an expert network. According to the results, Fairy Pitta was absent in seven inland national parks, including Mt. Bukhan and Chiri parks. Fairy Pitta inhabited 12 areas near the southern coast of South Korea, including Geoje, Namhae, Haenam, Jangheung, Goheung, and Gyeongnam Province. The analysis results of 82 datasets obtained from experts with regard to the locations where Fairy Pitta have been spotted showed that the bird inhabits all the eight metropolitan regions in South Korea, and is more frequently spotted in coastal areas (73.2%) than in inland areas (26.8%). The findings demonstrate that Fairy Pitta is mainly distributed in Jeju Island and the southern coast of South Korea, and is distributed in inland areas at relatively lower numbers.

SnO_2-ZnO 계 후막센서 구조에 따른 CO 감지 특성

박보석,홍광준,김호기,박진성 한국센서학회 2002 센서학회지 Vol.11 No.3

CO 기체 감지 특성을 향상시키기 위해서 3 mol% ZnO를 첨가한 SnO_2와 3mol% SnO_2를 첨가한 ZnO의 적층 형태를 변화시켜 연구하였다. 적층 구조는 단일층, 복층, 그리고 이종층 구조로 후막 인쇄법을 사용하여 제작하였다. SnO_2-ZnO계에서 제 2상은 발견되지 않았다. 전도성은 SnO_2에 ZnO를 첨가하면 감소하고, ZnO에 SnO_2를 첨가하면 증가하였다. 측정 온도증가와 CO 기체 유입으로 전도성은 증가하였다. 단층 및 복층의 후막센서 구조의 감도 향상은 없었으나, SnO_2 -3ZnO-ZnO · 3SnO_2·substrate 구조의 이종층 센서의 감도는 향상되었다. 센서 구조에 관계없이 I-V 변화는 모두 직선성을 나타내서 Ohmic 접합 특성을 이루고 있었다. The sensing properties of carbon monooxide were investigated as a function of mixing ratio and the lamination structure of 3mol% ZnO-doped SnO_2 and 3mol% SnO_2-doped ZnO. The lamination structures were fabricared monolayer, double layer, and hetero layer of SnO_2, ZnO, and theirs mixture composition using thick film process. There was no second phase by the reaction of SnO_2 and ZnO. The conductance was decreased by the addition of ZnO in SnO_2, but it was increased with the addition of SnO_2 in ZnO. The conductance was increased with temperature and the inlet of CO. There was no improvement of sensitivity in the structure of mono- and double-layer. The hetero-layer structure, however, of SnO_2 · 3ZnO-ZnO · 3SnO_2 showed the higher resistivity and the highest sensitivity. Ohmic characteristics was confirmed by the linear properties for I-V measurements.

Sol-Gel 법에 의한 SnO_2의 물성 및 센싱 특성

박보석,홍광준,김호기,박진성 한국센서학회 2002 센서학회지 Vol.11 No.6

초기 물질은 SnCl_2 · 2H_2O와 C_2H_5OH를 사용하여 sol-gel 법으로 제조된 SnO_2 미세 분말의 제반 물성과 전기적 센싱 특성에 대하여 검토하였다. Gel 분말은 sol을 72시간과 168시간 숙성(aging) 시킨 후 120℃에서 건조하여 제조하였다. 600 ℃ 이하에서는 휘발성 물질이 제거되면서 SnO_2 상이 증가하고, 700℃/30min 열처리로 SnO_2 상 생성은 거의 완결된다. 입자 크기는700℃ 이하에서 30nm 이하로 유사하고 입도 분포도 좁았다. 전기적 성질 측정을 위한 시편은 후막법으로 알루미나 기판위에 제조하였다. 공기 중의 전도성은 450℃ 부터 반도성 세라믹스의 진성(intrinsic) 거동을 보이고, 200-450℃ 구간에서는 SnO_2 입자 표면에서의 산소흡착에 기인해서 전도성 변화가 작았다. 환원성 CO 기체에 대한 응답성, 회복성 그리고 감도 특성은 숙성일자 증가로 향상되었다. Fine particles of SnO_2 were fabricated by the sol-gel powder processing using tin(Ⅱ) chloride dihydrate(SnCl_2 · 2H_2O) and ethanol(C_2H_5OH) as raw materials. The powders were investigated about the properties and electrical sensing. Gel powders were fabricated by drying of sol at 120℃ after aging 72hrs and 169hrs. The amount of SnO_2 phase was increased below 600℃ due to the elimination of volatile components, and the SnO_2 phase was almost completed by the heat treatment at 700℃ for 30min. The grain sizes were about 30nm below 700℃, and it showed the narrow distribution of the grain sizes. The specimens to measure electrical properties were fabricated by the thick film screen printing technique on the alumina substrates. The conductance of SnO_2 was showed the intrinsic behavior of semiconducting ceramics above at 450℃. The constant conductance was observed in the temperature range of 200~450℃. The sensing properties of response time, recovery, and sensitivity of CO were improved with aging time.

Ce_(0.8)Zr_(0.2)O₂ 촉매를 이용한 Dimethyl Carbonate 합성에서 탈수제 첨가의 영향

한기보,전진혁,박노국,이종대,류시옥,이태진,이병권,안병성 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.1

The effect of dehydrating agent in DMC(dimethyl carbonate) synthesis from methanol and carbon dioxide over Ce_(0.8)Zr_(0.2)O₂ catalyst was studied in this work. Ce_(0.8)Zr_(0.2)O₂ catalyst having the best activity among Ce_(1-x)Zr_(x)O₂ catalysts was selected. We could supposed that the addition of dehydrating agents improved the DMC yield by H₂O elimination. When the dehydrating agents such as Na_(2)SO₄ or K₂SO₄ was added into the synthesis of DMC, the formation amount of DMC increased to about 0.8∼0.9 mmol through the elimination of formed H₂O as by-product.

엔진구동형 NiTi 파일의 근관성형능력 비교

김보혜,최경규,박상혁,최기운 大韓齒科保存學會 2010 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.35 No.2

The purpose of this study was to compare the root canal shaping ability of 4 rotary NiTi instruments in simulated root canals. For the preparation of thirty two curved root canals, Mtwo instruments using “single length”technique, and Profile, ProTaper Universal, and K3 using crown-down technique (N = 8) were used. All canal samples were prepared by reaching an apical canal size of #30. Pre- and post-instrumentation digital images were recorded and an assessment of canal shape was determined using a computer image analysis program SigmaScan Pro (Systat Software Inc., San Jose, CA, USA). The changes of the dimension of inner walls of canals, (2) the changes of the dimension of outer walls of canals, and (3) the centering ratio were measured at 7 measuring points, and then data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s test. The results were as below; 1. The root canal shaping ability of Profile was significantly faster than that of other rotary NiTi instruments (p < 0.05). 2. The deformation and fracture of all instruments used for this study were not experienced. 3. In the degree of changes of the dimension of inner walls of canals, Profile demonstrated the lowest changes of the dimension of inner walls of canals except at the measuring points of the 1 and 2 mm (p < 0.05). However, the ProTaper Universal showed the highest changes of the dimension of inner walls of canals at all measuring points (p < 0.05). 4. In the degree of changes of the dimension of outer walls of canals, Mtwo demonstrated the lowest changse of the dimension of outer walls of canals except at the measuring point of the 1 mm (p < 0.05). However, Profile exhibited the highest changes of the dimension of outer walls of canals at the measuring points of 3 and 4 mm and ProTaper Universal and K3 showed the largest changes of the dimension of outer walls of canals at the measuring points of 1, 2, 6, and 7 mm (p < 0.05). 5. In degree of centering ratio, Profile demonstrated the least centering ratio comparing with the centering ratio shown by other NiTi instruments at the measuring points of 1, 4, 5, and 6 mm. Results suggest that in the coronal part of canal preparation, active cutting files such as ProTaper Universal may efficiently flare the canal orifice and form a better taper, and in the apical part of the canal, files which have a better centering ability such as Profile may maintain the original canal curvature and reduce the shaping time. 이 연구의 목적은 4가지 엔진구동형 NiTi 기구의 근관성형력을 비교하는 것이다. 32개의 투명레진모형을 사용하여 파일의 단면도가 S자 형태이고“single length”방법으로 근관성형을 시행하는 Mtwo와 crown-down 방법으로 근관성형을 하는 Profile, ProTaper Universal 및 K3로 근관성형을 하였다 (n = 8). 모든 근관은 한사람의 술자가 근단공 크기가 #30이 될때까지 성형하였다. 기구 사용 전과 후 근관 모양을 디지털 영상을 기록하였고, 컴퓨터 영상 분석 프로그램(Expression Scanner와 Adobe Photoshop CS)으로 평가하였다. 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 근첨으로부터 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 mm 떨어진 부위의 내측과 외측으로 삭제된 레진 양을 측정하였고, 자료는 SPSS법으로 비교 분석하였다. 1. 근관형성 시간은 Mtwo가 84.50초로 가장 짧았으며, 총 작업시간은 K3가 269.37초로 가장 길었다(p < 0.05). 2. 기구의 변형과 파절은 모든 구동형 NiTi 파일에서 발생하지 않았다. 3. 근관 내측 폭경의 변화는 Profile이 1, 2 mm 부위를 제외한 다른 부위에서 가장 적었으며, ProTaper Universal은 모든 부위에서 가장 많았다(p < 0.05). 4. 근관 외측 폭경의 변화는 Mtwo이 1 mm 부위를 제외한 모든 부위에서 가장 적었으며, Profile은 3, 4 mm 부위에서 가장 많았다(p < 0.05). ProTaper Universal와 K3는 1, 2, 6, 7 mm 부위에서 가장 많았다(p < 0.05). 5. 근관중심변위율(centering ratio)은 Profile이 1, 4, 5, 6 mm 부위에서 가장 적었다(p < 0.05). 이상의 결과, 구동성 NiTi 파일을 이용한 만곡 근관의 근관형성은 치경부는 ProTaper와 같은 삭제력이 높은 파일을 사용하는 것이 근관 입구를 효과적으로 넓히고 더 나은 taper를 형성하며, 근단부는 Profile과 같은 근관 중심 변위가 적은 파일을 사용하는 것이 근관형성 시간을 단축하고 근단부의 근관 변형(transportation)을 줄일 수 있다고 판단된다.

Tailored prophylaxis protocol against de novo hepatitis B for liver transplantation using hepatitis Bcore antibody-positive donors

Bo-Hyun Jung,Shin Hwang,Chul-Soo Ahn,Ki-Hun Kim,Deok-Bog Moon,Tae-Yong Ha,Gi-Won Song,Dong-Hwan Jung,Gil-Chun Park,Hyung-Woo Park,Chun-Soo Park,Yo-Han Park,Sung-Hwa Kang,Sung-Gyu Lee 한국간담췌외과학회 2013 한국간담췌외과학회 학술대회지 Vol.2013 No.4

Effect of green manure cultivation in fallowing period on community of spider and collembola in organic paddy field

Bo Ra Shin,Eun Jung Han,Hong Shik Nam,Kwang Lai Park,Gi Chun Park,Jong Ho Park,Byung Mo Lee,Young Mi Lee,Young Woong Byeon 한국응용곤충학회 2020 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.10

Chitosan/Poly -Glutamic acid의 EDC/NHS 가교를 통한 pH-감응성 hydrogel의 제조 및 약물전달지지체로서의 응용

박보기 ( Bo Gi Park ),김구연 ( Koo Youn Kim ),김광일 ( Kwang Il Kim ),손태일 ( Tae Il Son ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2008 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.13 No.1

pH-sensitive hydrogels composed of Chitosan and Poly(γ-Glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) were prepared by the freeze drying method and EDC/NHS cross-linked to suppress the deformation of hydrogel in water. The physical properties, swelling and drug diffusion behaviors were characterized for the hydrogels. In equilibrium swelling study, Chitosan/γ-PGA hydrogels shrunk in pH resions below pKa(2.27) of γ-PGA whereas they swelled above pKa. In the drug diffusion study, the drug permeation rates of Chitosan/γ-PGA hydrogels were directly proportional to their swelling behaviors. The cytocompatibility test showed no cytotoxicity of Chitosan/γ-PGA hydrogels for the NIH 3T3 cell lines. The results of above studies suggest that the hydrogels prepared from Chitosan and γ-PGA can be utilized as an orally administrable drug delivery system.

GISTs에서 증가된 Ki67 Index (>10%)와 p53 단백발현의 예후 인자로서의 유용성

손보성(Bo Sung Sohn),전해명(Hae Myung Jeon),성기영(Gi Young Sung),진형민(Hyung Min Jin),김욱(Wook Kim),박조현(Cho Hyun Park),박승만(Seung Man Park),임근우(Keun Woo Lim),박우배(Woo Bae Park),김승남(Seung Nam Kim),이교영(Kyo Young Lee 대한외과학회 2004 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.66 No.2

산업폐수의 총유기탄소(TOC) 특성 - 전남 동부권 사업장을 중심으로 -

박보영 ( Bo-young Park ),문희 ( Hee Moon ),허동화 ( Dong-hwa Heo ),전수인 ( Su-in Jeon ),신혜정 ( Hea-jung Sin ),박송인 ( Song-in Park ),김양기 ( Yang-gi Kim ) 한국환경기술학회 2022 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.23 No.6

TOC was applied to the effluent new standard as a substitute of COD_Mn. But the setting of the TOC did not reflect the characteristics of various wastewater, such as the treatment facility size and the discharge type. This study assessed each industrial facility in terms of water quality characteristics by replacing COD_Mn with TOC. In the study, 96 data groups across ten industrial categories based on the Korean Standard Industrial Classification were measured COD_Mn and TOC to obtain data about waste water discharge facilities in the eastern parts of Jeollanam-do province. The measurements show that the mean COD_Mn and TOC concentration were in the ranges of 4.2 mg/L ∼ 82.0 mg/L and 3.7 mg/L ∼ 195.4 mg/L, respectively. The relative ratio(COD_Mn/TOC) was 0.42 ∼ 1.50 and the oxidation rate of COD_Mn was 12.69 % ∼ 45.45 %. The TOC emission rate against the acceptable emission criteria was in the range of 7.73 % ∼ 100.72 %. The result of TOC and COD_Mn was 82.0 mg/L and 195.4 mg/L in other food manufacturing facilities, 8.5 mg/L and 14.2 mg/L in basic petrochemical compound manufacturing facilities, 24.8 mg/L and 25.7 mg/L in transportation equipment repair and car washing or cleaning facilities. Correlations among different organic matters were analyzed according to business categories, and the results show a range of 0.9813 ∼ 0.3742, which points to huge differences among business categories. In addition, the study examined 10 items in 4 Establishments, whose wastewater discharge was less than 200 m3. The result showed that their organic matter discharges had been underestimated as they were in the food industry. These results raise a concern with the possibilities of their exceeding the criteria in case of TOC application and a need for them to improve their processes and consequently change their management methods.