Kawasaki Disease: Laboratory Findings and an Immunopathogenesis on the Premise of a “Protein Homeostasis System”

이경일,임정우,강진한 연세대학교의과대학 2012 Yonsei medical journal Vol.53 No.2

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a self-limited systemic inflammatory illness, and coronary artery lesions (CALs) are a major complication determining the prognosis of the disease. Epidemiologic studies in Asian children suggest that the etiologic agent(s) of KD may be associated with environmental changes. Laboratory findings are useful for the diagnosis of incomplete KD, and they can guide the next-step in treatment of initial intravenous immunoglobulin non-responders. CALs seem to develop in the early stages of the disease before a peak in inflammation. Therefore early treatment, before the peak in inflammation, is mandatory to reduce the risk of CAL progression and severity of CALs. The immunopathogenesis of KD is more likely that of acute rheumatic fever than scarlet fever. A hypothetical pathogenesis of KD is proposed under the premise of a “protein homeostasis system”; where innate and adaptive immune cells control pathogenic proteins that are toxic to host cells at a molecular level. After an infection of unknown KD pathogen(s), the pathogenic proteins produced from an unknown focus, spread and bind to endothelial cells of coronary arteries as main target cells. To control the action of pathogenic proteins and/or substances from the injured cells, immune cells are activated. Initially,non-specific T cells and non-specific antibodies are involved in this reaction, while hyperactivated immune cells produce various cytokines, leading to a cytokine imbalance associated with further endothelial cell injury. After the emergence of specific T cells and specific antibodies against the pathogenic proteins, tissue injury ceases and a repair reaction begins with the immune cells.

포스코경영연구원

이경일 (사)한국인터넷전문가협회 2017 Web Korea Annual Vol.2017 No.-

Study of Heat Generation and Cutting Accuracy Depending on Spindle Rotation Speed Change in Ultra- Precision Cutting Using ECTS

이경일,고가진,정윤수,김재열 한국정밀공학회 2018 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.19 No.2

At present, ultra-precision cutting technology has been studied in Korean research institutes, focusing on development of ultraprecision cutting tool technology and ultra-precision control engineering. However, the developed technologies are still far behind advanced countries. It focuses on metals including aluminum, copper and nickel, and nonmetals including plastics, silicone and germanium which require high precision while using a lathe. It is hard to implement high precision by grinding the aforementioned materials. To address the issue, the ultra-precision cutting technology has been developing by using ultra-precision machine tools very accurate and strong, and diamond tools highly abrasion-resistant. To address this issue, this study aims to conduct ultra-precision cutting by using ECTS (Error Compensation Tool Servo) to improve motion precision of elements and components, and compensate for motion errors in real time. An IR camera is used for analyzing cutting accuracy differences depending on the heat generated in diamond tools in cutting to examine the heat generated in cutting to study cutting accuracy depending on generated heat.

경제위기와 외국인 이민 : 1930년대 프랑스 내 이탈리아 이민자의 경우

이경일 한국서양사연구회 2009 서양사연구 Vol.0 No.41

During the first period of 1930s, the foreigners in France had a double trouble for their status as alien laborer as well as for the overall difficulties due to the economic crisis. Quantitatively, the pressure of increasing unemployment reorganized the manpower structure in the employ market, holding back influx of the foreigners in France and urging them to return to the native land. In terms of the professional level too, foreigners were marginalized in a short time, owing to the change of the professional structure, which the economic depression brought about. These changes on a nationwide scale were formulated by the policy of French government in the atmosphere of xenophobia. On the contrary of the global impression, the difficulties of the foreigners had a great difference according to the occupation and the region, especially the foreigners domiciled in cities or engaged in the manufacturing industry. It is, however, necessary to not leave behind that there was few chock of depression in the country and in the fields which the French hesitated to take up. At the point of view of individual foreigner, this period is a turning point of the his project of migration. The inevitable choice between remaining and return as to cope with the crisis functioned as a occasion to shorten the process from migration to settlement. The diverse aspects of the choices among the those who remained reveal well the real progress of their integration. While to leave job or to change place of residence was a passive reaction, the naturalization was an active countermeasure to the discrimination against the foreigners. The example of the Italians which accounted for the biggest part among the foreigners is a significant approach to the immigrants of the interwar period. First of all, they represented well the general tendency as mentioned above. But it is also necessary to point up that the general tendency of the w ite foreigners can be on the contrary ecessenced by the absitute part of the Italians. This mutual comparison could promote to gain a better understanding of the general aspects and particular between the foreigners in general and the Italians.

용혈성 빈혈을 동반한 공통 가변성 면역부전 (Common Variable Immunodeficiency) 1례

이경일,이연주,차상원,이동준,한지환,황경태,김중곤 대한소아청소년과학회 2000 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.43 No.1

Common variable immunodeficiency(CVID) is a heterogeneous collection of disorders with hypogammaglobulinemia with recurrent bacterial infections and high incidence of autoimmune disorders as its hallmark. We report a 7-year-old girl suffering from CVID with Coombs' test positive hemolytic anemia. She had been relatively well until 23-months old when she was admitted to Taejon St. Mary's Hospital with pneumonia 5 years ago. Afterwards, she had suffered from recurrent otitis media, paranasal sinusitis, bronchitis and pneumonia, experiencing 13 admissions. She was diagnosed as autoimmune hemolytic anemia at 4-years old and had been treated with prednisolone. Laboratory finidings showed hypogammaglobulinemia(gamma-globulin in immunoelectrophoresis 0.04g/dL, IgG 170mg/dL, IgA 31mg/dL, IgM 27.5mg/dL) which was previously within normal limits checked at the age of 3- and 5-years old. Isohemmagglutinins(Anti-A,-B IgM and IgG) and anti-measles IgG, anti-mumps IgG, anti-rubella IgG and anti-HBs antibody along with PPD skin test were all negative. Peripheral lymphocyte subsets revealed as follows : pan T cells(CD3+) 48.6%(normal values : 60-85%), pan B cells(CD19+) 36.7%(8-20%), CD4+ T cells 24.4%(28■8%), CD8+ T cells 15.3%(5■10%), and CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.6(0.6-2.8). Proliferations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by various T cell stimulants were all markedly depressed. Chronic paranasal sinusitis and lung parenchymal damages were revealed on computerized tomography and lung scan, and a monthly intravenous immunoglobulin therapy was started. 공통 가변성 면역부전(common variable immunodeficiency : CVID)은 저감마글로불린혈증을 보이면서 반복적인 화농성 감염, 다양한 면역학적 이상과 임상적 양상이 나타나며 자가면역 질환과 악성종양 발생의 빈도가 높은 원발성 면역결핍증 중의 하나이다. 저자들은 7세 여아로 23개월부터 계속되는 폐질환과 만성 부비동염 및 용혈성 빈혈이 동반되고, 시험관내(in vitro) 다양한 T 세포 자극제(PHA, anti-CD3, PMA, ionomycina 및 PPD)로 유도한 T 세포의 증식반응이 억제된 CVID를 경험하였다. 임상적으로 반복되는 감염 특히 만성 부비동염과 하기도염이 지속되어 면역결핍증이 의심되는 환아에 있어 CVID를 염두에 두어야 하며 주기적인 혈청 면역글로불린의 측정이 꼭 필요하다.

제자리멀리뛰기 시 기록과 최대 근 활성도와의 관계 연구

이경일,김응규,이상호 한국스포츠학회 2018 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The purpose of this study was to derive the relationship between records and the maximum muscular activity during standing long jump. 25 high school students participated in the study. Each subject performed two-times standing long jump. The muscles that were measured were gastrocnemius medialis, the rectus femoris, the erector spinae and the deltoid. As a result of collecting data from eight channels of wireless surface electromyogram system(Noraxon, USA), the following conclusions were obtained. First, in case of standing long jump, storage capacity for energy emission must be improved for maximum horizontal distance. Second, the increase of muscular activity of the lower leg to obtain strong ground reaction force and the reaction force in the flight phase act as an important variable. Third, the muscular activity of the gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, erector spinae, and deltoid in the flight phase affect the standing long jump records. Therefore, muscular activity was found to be influential in both gastrocnemius, femoral rectus, erector spinae and deltoid. Movement to store elastic energy was occurred while bending waist and knee at the same time because standing long jump has no hopping section. Major muscles were found to be transferred to the upper section. In the analysis of the variable by section, not only the knee but also upper body and ankle movement were the determining factors of the recording. 본 연구는 제자리멀리뛰기 시 기록과 최대 근 활성도와의 관계를 도출하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 대상은 남녀 고등학교 3학년 25명이 실험에 참여하였으며, 각 피험자는 준비된 상태에서 각 2회 제자리멀리뛰기를 수행하였다. 측정 근육은 비복근(gastrocnemius medialis), 대퇴직근(rectus femoris), 척추기립근(erector spinae), 삼각근(deltoid)이다. 무선 표면 근전도 시스템(Noraxon, USA)으로 8채널을 데이터 수집한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 제자리멀리뛰기시 최대수평거리를 위해서는 에너지 방출을 위한 저장능력을 향상시켜야 한다. 둘째, 강한 지면 반력을 얻기 위한 하지의 근 활성도 증가 그리고 비행국면에서의 반작용력이 중요한 변인으로 작용한다. 셋째, 비행구간에서의 비복근, 대퇴직근, 척추기립근, 삼각근의 근활성도는 제자리멀리뛰기 기록에 영향을 주었다. 따라서 근 활성도는 비복근, 대퇴직근, 척추기립근, 삼각근 모두에서 영향력이 확인 되었으며, 제자리멀리뛰기는 도약 구간이 없기 때문에 허리와 무릎을 동시에 굴곡시키면서 탄성에너지를 저장하기 위한 움직임이 나타났다. 주요 근육들은 상위구간으로 전이되는 것을 알 수 있었고, 구간별 변인 분석에서는 무릎뿐만 아니라 상체 움직임과 발목 움직임이 기록 결정요인으로 작용하였다.

근전도를 이용한 직업성요통환자의 좌, 우 요부근력 및 복합운동 효과 분석

이경일,김권영,이철갑 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.1

18-19세기 초 영국의 정치덕 근대화

이경일 역사교육학회 1999 역사교육논집 Vol.23·24 No.-

Electrical spin injection and detection in semimetallic films

이경일 한국진공학회 2009 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.37 No.-

사회재난 대응을 위한 IoT 센서 네트워크 플랫폼

이경일,김정곤,이대성,임호정,황학인 한국재난정보학회 2015 한국재난정보학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.11

본 논문에서는 다양한 사회재난 대응을 위해 IoT 기술을 활용한 개방형 플랫폼 기술을 제안하고자 한다. 기존 재난 대응 시스템의 문제점을 분석하여 적응성, 확장성, 개방성을 가진 시스템 구조를 오픈 IoT 기술인 모비우스를 통해 구현하고 복합 감지 구조를 통해 상황 판단 정확도와 신뢰성을 높이는 기술을 제안하였다.