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      • KCI등재

        Korean EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Use in Writing According to the Cloze Scoring Methods and Item Types

        유영숙 팬코리아영어교육학회 2013 영어교육연구 Vol.25 No.4

        The present study explores whether Korean EFL learners’ vocabulary in writing differs according to cloze scoring methods and test item types. Two cloze tests (C1 and C2) were administered to the students to provide different proportions of function word items. Cl contains 23 function words out of 30 test items, whereas C2 consists of 12 function words out of 25 test items. The scoring methods used in the study were the exact-word method and the acceptable-word method. Korean college students (n=114) were asked to write an English composition after they read an English book. The students were assigned to a high and low proficiency group in accordance with their scores on the two cloze tests. The students’vocabulary profiles were produced by VocabProfile, which provides four lexical frequency lists:the first 1000 frequent words including function words and content words, the second 1000frequent words, academic word list, and off the list words. The results indicated that cloze scores of C1 did not differentiate the students’ vocabulary use in writing across proficiency groups regardless of scoring methods, showing significant differences in K1, FW, and OLW. On the other hand, those of C2 demonstrated significantly different word token percentages in K1 and K2 under the exact-method and K1, FW, and K2 under the acceptable-word method. Findings and implications are discussed in more detail. The present study explores whether Korean EFL learners’ vocabulary in writing differs according to cloze scoring methods and test item types. Two cloze tests (C1 and C2) were administered to the students to provide different proportions of function word items. Cl contains 23 function words out of 30 test items, whereas C2 consists of 12 function words out of 25 test items. The scoring methods used in the study were the exact-word method and the acceptable-word method. Korean college students (n=114) were asked to write an English composition after they read an English book. The students were assigned to a high and low proficiency group in accordance with their scores on the two cloze tests. The students’vocabulary profiles were produced by VocabProfile, which provides four lexical frequency lists:the first 1000 frequent words including function words and content words, the second 1000frequent words, academic word list, and off the list words. The results indicated that cloze scores of C1 did not differentiate the students’ vocabulary use in writing across proficiency groups regardless of scoring methods, showing significant differences in K1, FW, and OLW. On the other hand, those of C2 demonstrated significantly different word token percentages in K1 and K2 under the exact-method and K1, FW, and K2 under the acceptable-word method. Findings and implications are discussed in more detail.

      • KCI등재

        The Proportion of Function Words in English Writing by Korean University Students: Writing Practice Over Time and According to Learner Proficiency

        유영숙 한국멀티미디어언어교육학회 2023 멀티미디어 언어교육 Vol.26 No.1

        Previous research has reported a predominance of function words (FWs) in English. However, second language writing (L2) research mainly focuses on the proportions of low-frequency content words (CWs) as an indicator of writing development and learner proficiency. The present study explored the proportion of FWs as a first step toward understanding the features of vocabulary used in English writing by Korean university students. The students wrote English essays on the same topic in the first week and the last week of the semester to see whether the proportion of FWs shows a significant difference as students’ English writing develops with writing practice over a semester, and then it was analyzed again to examine differences according to learner proficiency. Learner proficiency was measured by cloze test scores to see if student responses to FW cloze items are related to the proportion of FWs in Korean university students’ English writing. The percentages of FWs in student writing were obtained by running VocabProfile. The study results showed a significant decrease in FW percentages over a semester. In addition, learner proficiency did not lead to statistical differences in the proportions of FWs in student writing. The results will be discussed in more detail.

      • KCI등재

        국내 휘발유 승용차의 CO<sub>2</sub> 배출 현황

        유영숙,류정호,정성운,전민선,김대욱,엄명도,김종춘,Lyu, Young-Sook,Ryu, Jung-Ho,Jung, Sung-Woon,Jeon, Min-Seon,Kim, Dae-Wook,Eom, Myung-Do,Kim, Jong-Choon 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.15 No.2

        As the concerns regarding global worming were increased, the pressure of greenhouse gas(GHG) emission reduction on mobile source was also increased. Carbon dioxides contribute over 90% of total GHG emission and the mobile source occupies about 20% of this $CO_2$ emission. Therefore automotive exhaust is suspected to be one of the major reasons of the rapid increase in greenhouse effect gases in ambient air. In this study, in order to investigate $CO_2$ emission characteristics from gasoline passenger cars(PC), which is the most dominant vehicle type in Korea, 106 vehicles were tested on the chassis dynamometer. $CO_2$ emissions and fuel efficiency were measured. The emission characteristics by displacement, gross vehicle weight, vehicle speed and CVS-75/vehicle speed mode were discussed. Test modes were vehicle speed modes and CVS-75 mode that have been used to develop emission factors and to regulate for light-duty vehicle in Korea. It was found that $CO_2$ emissions showed higher large displacement, heavy gross vehicle weight, low vehicle speed and CVS-75 mode than small displacement, light gross vehicle weight, high vehicle speed and vehicle speed mode, respectively. From these results, correlation between $CO_2$ emission and fuel efficiency was also determined. The results of this study will contribute to domestic greenhouse gas emissions calculation and making the national policy for climate change.

      • KCI등재

        Predictability of the Cloze Test as a Measure of Written Productive Vocabulary

        유영숙 현대영어교육학회 2017 현대영어교육 Vol.18 No.4

        The present study explores whether cloze test scores under two different scoring methods and English test scores on TOEIC can predict written productive vocabulary of Korean EFL learners. One hundred and fourteen students’ written productive vocabulary in summary writing was analyzed using VocabProfile, which provides four frequency-based vocabulary level lists: the most frequent 1,000 words (K1: function words and content words), second most frequent 1,000 words (K2), academic word lists (AWL), and off the list words (OLW). The study found that the exact-word method led to significant differences in K1, function words, K2, AWL, and OLW, and the acceptable-word method resulted in significant differences in K1, function words, K2, and OLW, indicating only one difference in AWL. On the other hand, the English proficiency test yielded significant differences in K1 and function words alone. These study results suggest that the cloze test under the two different scoring methods did not make a remarkable difference in the predictability of Korean EFL learners’ written productive vocabulary. In addition, both cloze test scores and general English test scores showed they could serve as predictors of Korean EFL learners’ written productive vocabulary, but cloze test scores led to more significant differences in vocabulary use in writing.

      • KCI등재

        Lexical Profiles of Korean EFL Summary Writing From Online Spoken Texts

        유영숙 현대영어교육학회 2016 현대영어교육 Vol.17 No.3

        This study explores Korean university students’ vocabulary use in summary writing from three different spoken texts. One hundred and thirty eight summary writing samples from 46 first-year university students were analyzed using VocabProfile to see whether the three spoken texts lead to different lexical profiles according to source texts and English language proficiency levels (vocabulary and reading scores on TOEIC). VocabProfile is an online program that classifies words in texts into first (K1) and second thousand (K2) levels, academic words (AWL), and the remainder or off-list words (OLW) based on word frequency lists. The data analysis revealed that students’ lexical profiles in summary writing from three source texts were significantly different from each other with respect to all words except for AWL. Especially, the lexical distribution patterns in the summary writing samples were very similar to those in the three source texts. In terms of English proficiency levels in reading and vocabulary, no significant difference in lexical profiles was found according to students’ reading scores, while students’ vocabulary scores yielded significant differences in CW and OLW of the third source text, with no differences in the other two written summaries from the rest of the source texts. These findings suggest that, in comparison to reading and vocabulary proficiency, source text has a greater influence on Korean EFL learners’ vocabulary use in summary writing. Also, vocabulary scores are more predictive of Korean EFL learners’ vocabulary use in their summary writing than reading scores.

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