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복수기 수실 진공유지 공정개선으로 설비 신뢰도 향상 개선사례
이상덕,최호택,민장섭 한국품질경영학회 2020 한국품질경영학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2020 No.10
복수기란 발전소 터빈을 회전시킨 배기 증기를 응축시키기 위해 내부를 대기압 이하로 낮춤으로써, 증기가 보유한열 낙차를 크게 하여 터빈 효율을 향상시키는 장치이다. 내부 구조는 동체(Shell), 수실(Water Box), 튜브, 복수조(Hot well)로 구성되어 있다. 수실은 냉각수 유량에 의한 복수기 증기 효율을 높이기 위해 정상운전 중 670mmHg 이상의 진공상태를 유지하는 것이 매우 중요하나 645mmHg로 진공도 저하가 발생되었다. 본 사례는 수실 진공유지공정 진공도 저하원인과 구성설비의 고질적 문제를 원인분석과 통계적 품질개선 기법을 활용하여 설비 신뢰도를 향상시킨 사례이다. 1. 수실의 진공을 생성하는 진공펌프의 임펠러 국부부식 발생으로 흡ㆍ배기구 간격이 증가하여 펌프의 성능이 저하되는 문제를 해결하기 위해 인장강도 및 항복강도, 내식성 등을 고려하여 아이디어 평가를 통해 임펠러의 재질을 STS316L로 변경ㆍ적용하였다. 2. 진공펌프 임펠러 질량 불균형으로 언밸런스 성분 증가에 의한 펌프 진동상승의 문제점 개선을 위해 벡터도 분석을 통한 웨이트 부착각도 및 중량 계산 등 기술검토를 통해 웨이트 발란싱 조정으로 펌프 진동을 최소화하였다. 3. 열교환기 튜브 누설에 의한 냉각 효율 저하로 밀봉수 온도 상승 문제를 해결하기 위해 내식성, 운전조건 등을 고려하여 티타늄 재질로 변경하여 튜브 누설 압력시험을 통해 검증 및 밀봉수 온도 상승을 방지하였다. 4. 드레인 트랩 배출 부적합에 의한 탱크 수위 상승으로 진공펌프가 과열되는 문제를 해결하기 위해 트랩 배출조건을 개선하여 탱크 수위상승을 최소화하였다. 위의 개선을 통해 복수기 수실의 진공은 670mmhg이상으로 유지되고 있으며, 진공유지를 위하여 점검항목을 설정하고 지속 관리중에 있다.
IS0/1EC 9126 품질특성과 공학적 품질속성의 상관도표 도출
이상덕,정창신,유영관,이종무 대한안전경영과학회 2001 대한안전경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2001 No.11
This paper presents the interrelationship chart between software quality characteristics and engineering attributes. The software quality characteristics and their subcharacteristics are excerpted front IS0/1EC 9126 standards, and the engineering attributes are from Deutsch and Willis[4]. Based on the previous studies and subjective judgement, trisected interrelationship(strong, medium, weak) between these two groups are derived. The results are summarized in a table, and can be used as a quick reference guide to the software quality engineering applications such as quality evaluations for software products, selection of key engineering attributes for high-quality software production, and so forth.
제재적 행정처분에 관한 사법심사 — 최근 대법원 판례 동향을 중심으로 —
이상덕 행정법이론실무학회 2023 행정법연구 Vol.- No.71
So far in korea’s administrative law academia the concept of administrative sanctions has not been clearly established. But already in judical review practice the Supreme Court of Korea’s precedents which considered characteristics of administrative sanctions and costitutional requests are establisched and applied. This paper has arranged and analyzed the Supreme Court of Korea’s precedents by types of administrative sanctions and by dividing the judical review into the stage of requirements and the stage of discretion in sentencing, Usually administrative sanctions have a retrospective character which is taken in reponse to corrent or past violation status, but at the same time they have a prospective character which are aimed at establishing the order, preventing risks and correcting violation status in the future. Thus when formulating a general theory about administrative sanctions, it is necessary to find a balance between the two characters. Each type of administrative sanctions has a distinct institutional orientation and different problems. Some types have a strong prospective element because of the institutional characteristics or the requirements of the authorizing provisions, so in the judical review of these types the prospective element should be properly considered. The Supreme Court of Korea’s precedents have provided guidance that it should not be hastily judged to be an abuse of discretion when administrative agencies had sentenced the administrative sanctions according to the disposition standard which are provided in the statutes or adminisrative rules. Because that, the scope for courts to intervene in the disposition sentencing has narrowed, so in judical review practice is partially present the trend that courts restict administrative sanctions in terms of requirements, not in terms of discretion in sentencing. This trend attempts to interpret the requirements of the authorizing provisions very stictly or understand them as subjective responsibility, but it does not fit the nature and system of administrative legal responsibility. The nature of administrative legal responsibility can be found in the objective status of breach of duty, subjective intent or negligence are not necessary unless specially stipulated in the authorizing provisions. And Strict sanctions is needed in order to ensure fulfillment of duty. The strict interpretation principle of the authorizing provisions of infringing dispositions which is often used in judical review practice, just means that systematic interpretation is needed and analogical interpretation beyond the possible meanings of the text is not allowed when interpreting the requirements of the authorizing provisions, doesn’t mean that literal or in dubio pro reo interpretation must be chosen in the possible meanings of the text. On the other hand excessive administrative sanctions should not be imposed in comparison the content and degree of breach of duty, so courts should examine whether administrative sanctions violated the proportionality principle. But administrative agencies have a certain amount of discretion in sentencing, and realistically it is diffcult to expect perfect implementation of the proportionality principle. Therefore courts should intervene only in cases of significant disproportion.