HDMI 케이블 체결 시 멀티미디어 전송신호 및 방사성 EMI의 특성 분석

최병인,좌성훈 대한전자공학회 2021 전자공학회논문지 Vol.58 No.7

Recently, the increase in data transmission speed using Ethernet technology has enabled various Ethernet-based multimedia services. A set-top box is commonly used for multimedia service devices, and set-top box transmits multimedia signals to TV according to the HDMI(high definition multimedia interface) standard. The signal from set-top box must be transmitted normally to TV and monitors, and qualified certifications of HDMI and radiated electromagnetic interference(EMI) are essential to guarantee the performances of transmission signal and EMI. It was assumed that there will be no problems in performances of transmission signal and EMI when the certified HDMI cable is connected to set-top box and TV. In this study, we investigated the possibility of degradation in transmission signal and EMI characteristics when the HDMI cable is connected to set-top box and also connected to TV. In the experiment, HDMI and EMI-certified HDMI cable, set-top box, and TVs were used respectively. First, when the HDMI cable was connected to set-top box, the rise and fall times of the transmitted signals met the HDMI compliance test specification(CTS), but the mask waveform did not meet the HDMI CTS standard. Secondly, set-top box was connected to two different types of TVs using HDMI cables, one type of TV did not meet the radiated EMI standard, and the distributions of radiated EMI noise were different according to types of TVs. The connection of the HDMI cable to set-top box and TVs might cause the degradation in the performance of signal transmission and EMI, and consequently did not meet the certification standards. Therefore, the signal and EMI performances should be tested with TV, set-top box, and HDMI cable connected before shipping, and their results must be notified. 최근 이더넷(ethernet) 데이터 전송속도의 증가는 다양한 이더넷기반 멀티미디어 서비스를 가능하게 하였다. 멀티미디어 서비스의 재생을 위해서는 셋탑 박스(set-top box)를 사용하며, 셋탑 박스는 멀티미디어 신호를 HDMI(high definition multimedia interface) 표준에 따라 TV로 보내어 재생한다. 셋탑 박스의 신호는 TV 및 모니터까지 정상적으로 송신해야 하며, 전송신호 및 전자파 성능 보장을 위해서는 HDMI 인증 및 전자파 인증이 필수적이다. 현재 셋탑 박스에 인증을 받은 HDMI 케이블을 TV에 체결하면 전송신호 특성 및 방사성 EMI(electro magnetic interference) 성능에 문제가 없을 것이라는 전제로 사용이 되었다. 본 연구에서는 셋탑 박스에 HDMI 케이블을 체결하여 TV와 연결하여 사용 시, 신호 특성 및 방사성 EMI 성능의 저하가 발생할 수 있음을 실험적으로 고찰하였다. 실험에서는 HDMI 인증 및 EMI 인증을 받은 셋탑 박스, HDMI 케이블, TV를 각각 사용하였다. 셋탑 박스와 HDMI 케이블을 체결하여 멀티미디어 전송신호 특성을 실험한 결과, 전송 신호의 상승 시간과 하강 시간은 HDMI CTS(compliance test specification) 규격을 충족하였으나, 마스크 파형그래프는 HDMI CTS 규격을 충족하지 못함을 알 수 있었다. 제조사가 다른 2 종류의 TV와 셋탑 박스를 HDMI 케이블로 체결하여 방사성 EMI의 발생을 실험한 결과, 한 종류의 TV에서 방사성 EMI의 표준 규격을 충족하지 못함을 알 수 있었으며, 방사성 EMI 노이즈의 분포는 주파수 대역별로 TV 제조사에 따라 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 인증 받은 셋탑 박스, HDMI 케이블, TV를 체결하여 사용할 경우에 멀티미디어 신호성능 및 전자파 성능은 인증규격을 충족할거라고 예상하였다. 그러나 실험 결과는 인증규격을 충족하지 못하였다. 따라서 셋탑 박스 출하 시 TV 및 HDMI 케이블을 체결하여 제조사별로 멀티미디어 신호특성 및 전자파 실험을 진행해야하며, 셋탑 박스와의 체결 성능이 우수한 TV 및 HDMI 케이블 제품들을 고시 및 사용하여야 한다.

소아기의 후두개와종양의 추골동맥조영술

최병인 대한영상의학회 1978 대한영상의학회지 Vol.14 No.2

Fifty to sixty per cent of all intracranial tumor in childhood occur in the posterior fossa. Because of the narrow confines of the posterior fossa, a tumor produces significant shifts of the arteries and veins allowing a decision to be made on the site of the tumor. Therefore, vertebral angiography is a very important diagnositc tool for detection of the posterior fossa tumor in children. Vertebral angiographic findings of twelve cases of proven childhood posterior fossa tumor at Seoul National University Hospital during recent two years from September, 1976 are presented with the operative and histopathologic findings. Location of the posterior fossa tumor can be suggested by vertebral angiographic criteria with high degree of accuracy in the majority of cases prediction of the histopathologic type is possible according to the location of the tumor and incidence of a certain specific histopathologic type of the tumor along the site.

소뇌혈관아세포종의 추골동맥조영술 소견

최병인 대한영상의학회 1978 대한영상의학회지 Vol.14 No.2

Cerebellar hemangioblastoma is the most common highly vascular tumor of the posterior fossa tumor in adult. Four cases of the cerebellar hemangioblastoma which were diagnosed at Seoul National University Hospital during last six years were presented with analysis of characteristic findings of the cerebellar hemangioblastoma in vertebral angiography. The results are as follows: 1. There patients were male and one was female. All cases were distributed from late third decade to early fifth decade. 2. Simple skull series show no significant abnormality. 3. Vertebral angiographic findings: The tumor was solitary. Location of the tumor was midline of the posterior fossa; inferior vermis and fourth ventricle. Feeding artery was posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Abnormal tangle of tumor vessels were noted. Three cases were solid type and one was cystic with mural nodule. Abnormal circulation pattern with increased circulatory rate and early filling of drain vein were demonstrated Tumor stain was non-homogenous conglomerated vascular network. These findings were seen in all cases. Therefore, vertebral angiography plays a specific and definitive role in the diagnosis of this tumor.

뇌실종양의 맥락동맥 변화에 관한 고찰

최병인 대한영상의학회 1978 대한영상의학회지 Vol.14 No.2

Ventricular tumor is relatively rare and clinical diagnosis of this tumor is seldom possible and diagnosis depends upon neuroradiological studies. Among neuroradiological studies, ventriculography is a primary diagnostic method in the anatomical localization of the ventricular tumor, however, cerebral angiography is also helpful in delineating the vascular supply of the ventricular lesion and aid in the surgical treatment, and the pathologic nature of some of these tumors can be identified by angiography. Seven cases of supratentorial ventricular tumors which were confirmed at Seoul National University Hospital during last four years were presented with operative and pathological findings. The authors attempt to make a certain angiographic criteria of choroidal arteries for localization and determination of pathological nature of the ventricular tumor, based on the anatomic distribution and character of vascular change of choroidal arteries. The results are as follows: 1. Anat mical localization of the ventricular tumor can be exectly determined by evaluation of changes of choroidal arteries. Blind spots in localization of the ventricular tumor by cerebral angiography are third ventricle and frontal horn of the lateral ventricle which have poor vascular supply. 2. Highly vascular ventricular tumors are meningioma and ependymoma in our series, however, differentiation between these tumors can be seldom possible by cerebral angiogrphy. Astrocytoma is a hypovascular tumor.

담관낭선종과 낭선암의 초음파촬영, 전산화단층촬영

최병인 대한영상의학회 1984 대한영상의학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma are rare neoplasms of the biliary ductal system. The authors present 2 cases of biliary cystadenoma and 3 cases of cystadenocarcinoma. The typical sonographic appearance of these tumors is a large intrahepatic globular or ovoid thick walled cystic mass which often contains multiple septations with papillary growth and solid portion. Low-level internal echoes may be seen within the cystic mass. The characteristic CT findings of these tumors are multiloculated cystic mass, thick septations with papillary projections and solid portion within the cystic mass. Angiographical characteristics of theses tumors are hypovascular mass with frequet abnormal clusters of tumor vessels within the walls on arterial phase and accumulation of contrast material along the wall or internal septation on delayed film.

위막성임파종의 방사선학적 및 병리학적 소견의 비교관찰 -위암종과의 종별을 위한 방사선학적 해단기준설정-

최병인 대한영상의학회 1984 대한영상의학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Malignant gastric lymphoma is an uncommon but important lesion with a more favorable prognosis than that of gastric carcinoma. A total of 16 cases of gastric malignant lymphoma examined during a period from January 1980 to September 1983 at Seoul National University Hospital were subjected to the radiological and pathologic correlations. In all cases, the diagnosis was established by histopathology of the resected specimens (9 cases) or endoscopic biopsy specimens (7 cases). Based on the comparative stuty of upper G-1 series and macroscopic findings of the surgically resected specimen, the authors investigated the reliable radiographic findings which can be valuable in differentiation of gastric lymphoma from other gastric lesions, especially carcinoma, and suggested the following diagnostic criteria for the malignant lymphoma of the stomach. 1. Discrete multiple polypoid lesions with or without central umbilication. 2. Geographic ulcer, deviated form center of the mass. 3. Irregular thickness of elevated rim of the mass. 4. Diffuse giant gastric rugae. 5. Giant gastric rugae, mixed with other lesion. 6. Less desmoplastic response of the mass with persisting peristalsis. 7. Continuous spread into the duodenum.

경피적 잔류담석제기술 43 예의 분석

최병인 대한영상의학회 1984 대한영상의학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Percutanous extraction of residual biliary tract stones through T-tube tract was established as a success-ful and generally accepted radiologic procedure in patients with post-operative retained stones. Percutaneous removal of residual stones was performed in 43 patients at the Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital from November, 1982 to August, 1984 The results were as follows: 1. Location of residual stones are intrahepatic in 29 cases (67.4%) extrahepatic in 11 cases (25.6%) and combined in 3 cases. 2. Number of residual biliary stones was single in 14 cases and 2 to 10 stones in 17 cases. 12 patients had more than 10 stones. 3. Success rate was 100% in extrahepatic stones and 68.9% in intrahepatic stones. Overall success rate was 76.7% 4. There was no significant complication of this method.

Interval 제2종 퍼지 radial basis function neural network

최병인,이정훈 한국지능시스템학회 2006 한국지능시스템학회 학술발표 논문집 Vol.16 No.2

Type-2 fuzzy 이론은 기존의 퍼지 이론보다 패턴의 불확실성에 대한 제어를 더 향상시킬 수 있다. 반면에 계산 량이 커지는 문제점 때문에 본 논문에서는 type-2 fuzzy set 대신에 secondary membership이 interval의 형태를 갖는 interval type-2 fuzzy set을 기존의 radial basis function(RBF) neural network에 적용시킨 interval type-2 fuzzy RBF neural network를 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘은 interval type-2 fuzzy membership function에 의하여 패턴들의 불확실성을 좀 더 잘 제어하여 기존의 RBF neural network의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 제안한 알고리즘의 타당성을 보이기 위하여 여러 데이터 집합에 대한 분류 결과를 보인다.

Remifentanil Prevents Withdrawal Movements Caused by Intravenous Injection of Rocuronium

최병인,최승호,신양식,이성진,윤경봉,신서경,이기영 연세대학교의과대학 2008 Yonsei medical journal Vol.49 No.2

Purpose: The incidence of pain induced withdrawal movement following intravenous injection of rocuronium is high. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to evaluate the effect of pretreatment of remifentanil on the withdrawal movements due to intravenous injection of rocuronium during anesthetic induction. Materials and Methods: Ninety adult female patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly allocated to three groups. Each patient intravenously received one of three solutions of equal volume (4mL): normal saline (Group I, n=30), 0.5μg/kg remifentanil (Group II, n=30) or 1μg/kg remifentanil (Group III, n=30). Thirty seconds after remifentanil administration, anesthesia was induced with 5mg/kg IV thiopental. Twenty seconds after thiopental injection, 0.6mg/kg IV rocuronium was administered (injection rate of 0.5mL/sec) and patients’ withdrawal movements were assessed. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were assessed on arrival in the operation room, before the tracheal intubation and immediately, 1 and 2 min after the tracheal intubation. Results: The incidence of withdrawal movements was significantly lower in both of the remifentanil groups (3 and 0% in Group II and III, respectively) than in the saline group (70%). Remifentanil attenuated the increase of heart rate and MAP immediately and 1 min after the tracheal intubation. Conclusion: The pretreatment with 0.5 and 1.0μg/kg remifentanil of bolus doses prevented the withdrawal movements caused by rocuronium injection, and effectively blunted cardiovascular activation following tracheal intubation.

요하지통 환자에서 선택적 경추간공 경막외강 블록의 예후 인자

최병인,권태동,이윤우,한정미 대한통증학회 2007 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.20 No.1

Background: Selective transforaminal epidural block (STEB) has showen effectiveness as a diagnostic and therapeutic option for the management of patients with low back pain or sciatica. This study was carried out in order to determine the short-term effects and prognostic factors associated with STEB in patients with low back pain or sciatica. Methods: Ninety-seven patients were selectedfor participation in this study. Their diagnosis were based werewason the clinical symptoms and MRI findings. We performed STEB under fluoroscopic guidance and injected 3 ml of radio opaque dye in order to confirm the technical success of the procedure. We then injected 20 mg of triamcinolone mixed into 3 ml of 0.5% mepivacaine. One month later, we classified the patient outcomes as excellent, good, moderate or poor, according to the degree of reduction in VAS score from baseline. The independent variables assessed included symptom duration, block level, number of blocks, primary diagnosis, prior caudal block, anterior epidural space filling of dye, medication history, demographic data, radiating pain, back surgery and spondylolisthesis. Results: At a mean follow-up period of 1 month after STEB, excellent results were noted in the patients diagnosed with herniated lumbar disc (70%), non-specific spondylosis (54%), spinal stenosis (44%), and failed back syndrome (28%). The patients with epidural adhesion and combined spondylolisthesis were associated with poorer outcomes. Combined caudal block, symptom duration and the extent of epidural spread of the drug were not related to the effectiveness of the treatment. Conclusions: Selective transforaminal epidural block is effective in treating patients with radiculopathy, such as herniated lumbar disc, but it isrelatively ineffective in treating patients with structural deformities, such as failed back syndrome and spondylolisthesis.(Korean J Pain 2007; 20: 54-59)