수정체 초음파유화술 중 발생한 각막화상 1예

이효석,이태희,윤경철 대한안과학회 2014 대한안과학회지 Vol.55 No.3

Purpose: To report a case of severe corneal burn during phacoemulsification that was successfully managed with a second operation and medical treatment. Case summary: An 89-year-old female had phacoemulsification of a mature cataract in her right eye, and was transferred to our outpatient clinic after development of a thermal burn at the corneal incision site. On initial examination, visual acuity was light perception and slit-lamp examination revealed diffuse, severe corneal edema, and a 3.0 × 3.0 mm-sized epithelial defect with severe stromal opacity around the incision site. Extracapsular cataract extraction through superior scleral incision was performed with posterior chamber implantation of a 3-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL). Topical steroids as well as hypertonic saline were used to manage corneal edema postoperatively. One month postoperatively, her best corrected visual acuity was 0.06 and slit-lamp examination showed markedly decreased corneal edema and epithelial defect. Three months postoperatively, her best corrected visual acuity was 0.2, the IOL was centered in the capsular bag, and corneal edema nearly disappeared with remnant moderate corneal opacities. Conclusions: We report successful treatment of severe corneal burn during phacoemulsification managed with extracapsular cataract extraction through scleral incision and medical treatment. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(3):454-458

응구기의 『십자가의 악마』 : 중심의 다양화와 전유의 문화

이효석 새한영어영문학회 2009 새한영어영문학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

수포각막병증에서 치료레이저각막절제술의 단독시행 또는 양막이식술과 동시시행의 치료효과 비교

이효석,오한진,윤경철,Hyo Seok Lee,Han Jin Oh,Kyung Chul Yoon 대한안과학회 2013 대한안과학회지 Vol.54 No.8

Purpose: We evaluated the therapeutic effects of phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) with or without amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in patients who had symptomatic bullous keratopathy with poor visual potential. Methods: Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients with bullous keratopathy were reviewed retrospectively. Ten eyes (group A) were treated with PTK, and the other 15 eyes (group B) were treated with combined PTK and AMT. Changes of vision and symptoms, re-epithelization time, recurrence of bulla, central corneal thickness measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: At post-operative 3 months, visual acuity improved in 2 patients in both A and B groups. Nine patients in group A (90%) and 13 patients in group B (86.7%) showed symptom improvement. Mean re-epithelization time was 12.40 ± 4.33 days in group A and 8.13 ± 1.19 days in group B (p > 0.05). In both groups, central corneal thickness decreased postoperatively without statistically significant difference between groups. At the final follow-up visit, epithelial bulla had not recurred in 7 eyes (70.0%) in group A and 12 eyes (80.0%) in group B. No postoperative complication was detected. Conclusions: PTK alone appears comparable to the combined treatment of PTK and AMT in terms of symptom improvement, re-epithelization time and recurrence rate.

간경변증의 예방과 치료 - 치료

이효석 한국만성질환관리협회 1989 월간성인병 Vol.100 No.-

새마을운동의 좌표 새마을공장의 설립과 농가공산품개발사업

이효석 대한지방행정공제회 1973 地方行政 Vol.22 No.235

N/A

山精

李孝石 文章社 1939 文章 Vol.1 No.1

지상발표 : 원발성 간암 환자에서의 B 형 간염바이러스 표식자들에 관한 혈청 역학적 연구

이효석,김정용 대한소화기학회 1980 대한소화기학회 추계학술대회 Vol.1980 No.-

포스트식민문학의 한 가지 양상 - 응구기의 『십자가의 악마』의 세계문학과의 대화적 관계성 연구

이효석 원광대학교 인문학연구소 2021 열린정신 인문학연구 Vol.22 No.1

The novels, which Ngugi wrote in Gikuyu language since Devil on the Cross, have been criticized for their excessive representation of the anti-imperialism and anti-dictatorship while victimizing literary values compared to his previous English novels. It seems that his literary style has been changed to articulate his criticism of Kenya's political reality to the general public. However, Gikuyu novels such as Devil on the Cross present a new direction and possibility of postcolonial literature. Ngugi created a new literature that dialogically combined the traditions of Gikuyu literature with other literary and cultural materials outside of Kenya. This is a literary example of his recent claim of ‘globalectics’ which highlights the dialectical conversations between various cultures for the inner center of the ‘globe’ such as the world literature. Devil on the Cross forms a conversational relationship with previous writers, borrowing and responding to forms, characters and themes from the Bible and Kim Jiha's poems, as well as Goethe's Faust, Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown", Hardy's Tess, etc. The novel shows his willingness to create a global consciousness through alliances, unions, and mergers of literature which, in turn, form a post-colonial world literature. 응구기가 『십자가의 악마』 이후부터 기쿠유어로 작업한 소설은 반제 반독재의 첨예한 문제의식이 두드러진 반면 문학적 가치에 대한 고려는 이전의 영어소설에 비해 그만큼 떨어지는 것으로 비판받아왔다. 응구기의 기쿠유어 소설들이 이전의 영어소설과 달리 케냐의 정치현실에 대한 비판을 일반 대중에게 쉽게 전달하기 위해 스타일에 변화가 일어난 것은 분명하다. 그러나 『십자가의 악마』와 같은 작품은 포스트식민문학의 한 방향과 가능성을 제시한다. 응구기는 케냐의 기쿠유 문학의 전통과 그가 알고 있는 외부의 다른 문학적 재료들을 대화적으로 결합한 새로운 문학을 만들어내었다. 이는 그가 최근 주장하기 시작한 다양한 문화들의 접촉과 대화를 통한 글로벌레틱스(globalectics)의 구현이라는 문제의식의 문학적 구현으로 평가할 수 있다. 『십자가의 악마』는 성서와 김지하의 시 뿐만 아니라, 괴테의 『파우스트』, 호손의 「젊은 브라운 형제」, 하디의 『테스』에서 형식과 인물과 주제를 빌려오고 반응하면서 이전 작가들과 대화적 관계를 형성한다. 그는 포스식민문학을 다양한 언어로 만든 문학들의 동맹, 결합, 합병을 통해 글로벌 의식을 만들어내고자 하는 의지를 보인다.

콘텐츠 산업의 생산 및 유통단계에서의 경쟁규제

이효석 한국재산법학회 2014 재산법연구 Vol.31 No.1

본 논문은 방송·통신이 융합된 시장 환경 하에서 특히 콘텐츠 산업의 제작과 유통단계에서 제기될 수 있는 주요 경쟁규제들을 외국의 입법례와 실제 적용사례, 그리고 우리나라의 관련 법제도와 실무상의 예를 중심으로 살펴보고, 향후 경쟁규제상 몇 가지 시사점을 도출하였다. 콘텐츠에 대한 경쟁규제에서 가장 핵심적 이슈는 콘텐츠 혹은 망에 대한 접근(access) 문제로 요약할 수 있으며, 시장지배적 지위남용이나 기업결합규제에 있어서도 '접근거절'로 인한 경쟁상 폐해의 억제가 규제상의 관건이 된다. 다만 우리나라는 외국의 사례와는 달리 콘텐츠 산업 특유의 거래 구조적 특성과 당사자 간 협상력의 차이에서 비롯되는 거래의 공정성 문제가 끊임없이 제기되고 있다. 일차적으로는 독점규제법상 불공정거래행위금지규정이나 하도급법의 강력한 집행이 중요하며, 그 외에도 기타 규제수단 간의 유기적 활용 및 사업자 스스로의 법 준수 의지가 필요할 것으로 보인다. 공정거래 자율준수 프로그램의 도입·운용이나 동의의결제도의 활용이 잘못된 거래관행 개선과 시장 내 유효경쟁의 유지에 도움을 주는 방안이 될 수 있다. 한편 개별 콘텐츠 관련 법률에서도 사업자간 공정경쟁과 건전한 거래질서 확립을 위한 다수의 공정거래 관련 규정들을 찾아볼 수 있으나, 아직까지 해석·적용상의 기준과 위법성 요건이 명확하지 않으며, 아울러 독점규제법과의 관계 역시 모호하게 남아있다. 그에 따라 현실적으로는 여전히 독점규제법의 제반 규정들이 경쟁규제의 핵심적 내용을 이룬다. 향후 학계와 실무에서의 논의와 상호작용을 통해 콘텐츠 산업 내 각종의 경쟁제한행위와 불공정거래행위의 억제를 위한 관련 법제들을 지속적으로 개선·보완해 나가야 할 것이다. This research tries to provide a appropriate competitive regulation on contents industries in convergence age. In particular, this study aims to present a competition regulation in each market layer in content industry. When viewed in the context of existing 'Korea Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act' and relevant guidelines, in upstream market unfair trade practices between content provider and platform(network operator) are main problem. This is from the disparity in economic power and market position between undertakings. For prohibiting unfair business practices, Regulations of Fair Subcontract Transactions Act play an important role as well. In downstream market, it has been an issues such as abuse of market power, vertical merger, network neutrality, contents access etc. In accordance of need for strong enforcement of competition regulation on each market layer in content industry, this study presents some detailed issues and an improvement scheme.

Hypogonadism Makes Dyslipidemia in Klinefelter’s Syndrome

이효석,박찬우,이중식,서주태 대한의학회 2017 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.32 No.11

Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) is a genetic syndrome that presents with hypogonadism and is associated with metabolic syndrome. Patients demonstrating hypogonadism show a greater prevalence of metabolic syndrome due to changes in body composition. We aimed to determine the association between KS and dyslipidemia. The KS group comprised 55 patients who visited the infertility clinic for an infertility evaluation and were confirmed as having a diagnosis of KS. The control group comprised 120 patients who visited the clinic for health screening. Patient characteristics were compared between the two groups with respect to height, weight, body mass index (BMI), testosterone, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels. Height and weight were significantly greater in patients belonging to the KS group, but no statistically significant difference was found with respect to the BMI. Testosterone levels in patients belonging to the KS group were significantly lower compared to the control group (2.4 ± 2.6 vs. 5.2 ± 1.8 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Compared to the control group, TG levels in patients belonging to the KS group were increased (134.9 ± 127.8 vs. 187.9 ± 192.1 mg/dL, P = 0.004) and HDL cholesterol was significantly decreased (51.2 ± 22.0 vs. 44.0 ± 9.5 mg/dL, P = 0.009). LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol were not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.076 and P = 0.256, respectively). Significant differences were noted between patients belonging to the KS group and normal control group with respect to elevated TG and decreased HDL cholesterol levels.