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주윤 한국경영법률학회 2010 經營法律 Vol.20 No.4
False capital contributions made by promoters have the narrow and broad sense. Broad sense refers to capital contribution claimed by promoters not conform to actual situation. Narrow sense refers to unlawful fraudulent conduct of capital contribution claimed by promoters not conform to actual situation made by promoters on purpose. False capital contribution made by promoters stipulated by existing law in China refers to narrow sense. Formulation on false capital contribution include four legal requirement, ie, the subject / subjective aspect /object /objective aspect. The nature of civil liability to company duo to false capital contribution made by promoters is either liability for breach of contract nor liability of infringement of rights, not even Liability concurring of them, but a kind of special/ independent Liability of defaults. The main Method of bearing civil liability to company duo to false capital contribution made by promoters reasons are as following: recovering capital contribution, compensation of losses, demand for membership invalidity, paying penalty. 发起人虚假出资有广、狭两义,广义上是指发起人之外表出资行为与实际情况不相符合。狭义上是指发起人故意所为的使其外表出资行为与实际情况不相符合的不法欺诈行为。中国现行立法上的发起人虚假出资是狭义上的概念。构成虚假出资需同时具备主体、主观方面、客体和客观方面等四方面条件。发起人虚假出资对公司承担的民事责任在性质上不是一种违约责任,也不是一种侵权责任,更不是违约责任与侵权责任的竞合,而是一种公司法上的特殊的独立的债不履行责任。发起人虚假出资时对公司承担的民事责任的方式主要有追缴出资、赔偿损失、催告失权和利息罚则(支付罚金)等。
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Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Line Instability: Causes, Mitigation, and Prediction
주윤,김하경,백종윤 한국생물공학회 2023 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.28 No.5
Cell line instability is a common problem in biopharmaceutical manufacturing using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Cell line instability, which refers to unintended and unpredicted genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic changes over time, can increase production costs and threaten sales approval by reducing product quantity and quality. While a stability test is conducted to screen cell lines with stable transgene expression, this process requires several months, delaying the entire drug development timeline. To accelerate timeline for drug development, understanding, mitigation, and prediction of cell line instability are critical. In this review, we update recent research progresses regarding instability-inducing biological mechanisms and alleviating the intrinsic instability of CHO cells. We also discuss studies that contribute to predicting irregular phenotypic changes in recombinant proteinproducing CHO cell lines, based on omics-based studies. These prediction strategies will contribute to complementing current instability alleviating strategies, thereby saving labor, cost, and time for the cell line development process as well as providing a comprehensive understanding of CHO cell biology.
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주윤일,하영준 仁荷大學校 스포츠科學硏究所 1998 論文集 Vol.10 No.-
This study is to analyze the actual condition of examination of physical strength for elementary students, understand the problems and present materials for improvement 417 persons are selected optionally for this study, who are 346 elementary teachers, 28 public officials, 33 managers for physical education, and 10 physical education teachers, and their education carieer, level급지and scale of each school and their sexes at also ignored. The research was carried out by questionnaire which asked about 7 domains, which were teacher's opinion about elementary school's examination of physical strength, its contribution, appropriateness of examinatorial items, deletion and addition of items, items' relianc, fair administration, and previous questions for effective management Questions were determined in the background of previous studied, and theory, and also examined by a professional adviser. Answering to questions took 5 steps responsive method and description together. In the course of analysis, no answering was excluded, and the significance of probability frequency distribution was tested by Chi-Square Test(Expected or Equal) to check out answering characteristics, while significance level was over 95%. After all, I carry to the following conclusion. 1. Objects were affirmative about the need of examination of physical stength and the examinatorial grade's reflection to physical education's pactical grade and they also agreed to reflect the grade with 50% below, practice the test in September in common currency. They thought the testing criterion in each item is unsuitable. 2. Physical examintion contributes to understand his(or her) own physical strength, but it doesn't stimulate the recognition of physical activities and motives effectively. Its contribution is low to the tested person's physical strength, improvement of health and physical condition, the qualitative advancement of school work, participations to social physical activities, and betterment of leisure time. 3. The appropriateness of 100m run, raising up upper body and 600m run is high, that of chinning exercise, chin-up with the arms crooked is above normal, but the adquacy of jump from the original place is normal, that of throwing is beneath normal. 4. From their responses, the current number of physical examination's item is adequate, and they recommended items for fexibility, balance as additional items, while pointing 600m long run, chinning excercise(chin-up with the arms crooked) as eliminative items. 5. What has the best reliance in elementary physical examination is raising up upper body and then 100m run, and the most important factor to decrease reliance is bad measuring methods. The reliance of testing facility is low. 6. Objects think that inspectors make fair evaluation, but to minute, standardize the facility and norm is required urgently and the view to tighten supervisory system is dominant. 7. The previous tasks for effective running of elementary physical examination system is to repair facilities and they suggested developing objective measuring methods, replenishing equipments and practice in advance.
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Small scale-up validation for ionizing radiations against Helicoverpa armigera larvae
김준현,주윤아,이연정,김정민,장미연,박정규 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.1
Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an economically important pest, which harms various kinds of important agricultural crops, such as cotton and paprika. Effects of ionizing radiation (gamma, x-ray, and electron beam radiation) at 300 Gy on 4th to 5th instar larvae of H. armigera were tested on the post-treatment development of the larvae to identify the effective quarantine treatment dose. A few adults emerged out of the pupae developed from larvae irradiated with gamma ray and electron beams, while no adults emerged from the larvae irradiated with x-rays. Mortalities caused by gamma, X-ray, and electron beam radiation were 99.05%, 100%, and 99.93%, respectively, with no significant difference from that caused by methyl bromide (MeBr) fumigation (99.83%). Our results indicate that ionizing radiation could be recommendable as an alternative toMeBr and a phytosanitary treatment for quarantine. A treatment dose of 300 Gy is adaptable as a quarantine treatment to H. armigera larva in paprika fruit for prevention of pupation and adult emergence.
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중한법학국제연토회(中韓法學國際硏討會) : 중국행정성독점의 위해성 및 그 형성원인
주윤 ( Yun Zhou ) 한양대학교 법학연구소 2011 법학논총 Vol.28 No.2
행정성독점은 행정기관과 공공조직이 행정권력 배제 혹은 기업간 경쟁적 제한을 남용한 위법행위를 말한다. 행정성독점은 주체실시의 특수성, 행정적 강제성, 추상적 행정행위와 위법성 등 여러가지 특징을 구비하였다. 행정성 독점의 위해는 몇가지가 포함되어 있는데 그것들로는 전국통일시장의 형성, 부패형성과 양호한 사회기풍을 파괴하는 것을 저애하는 것이고 또 자유, 공평의 유효경쟁질서 등을 형성하는 것을 저애하는 것을 말한다. 행정성 독점의 형성원인은 주요하게 철저하게 경쟁체제개혁을 하지 않은 것과 정치개혁의 상대적인 낙후, 다원화적 행정이익의 촉진, 행정인원이 행정법률의식에 대한 부족함 및 중국이 행정성 독점행위에 대한 엄격한 법률책임제도의 결핍 등에 대해서 중요하게 구현하였다. Administrative monopoly in China means the illegal act committed by the administrative organs and public organizations to exclude or limit the competition between enterprises through abusing their administrative power, and it is characterized by the special actors, mandatory administration, abstract administrative behavior as well as its illegality. The harm of administrative monopoly includes preventing the integrated national market from being formed, giving rise to corruption, disrupting the good social convention, and hampering the formation of free, fair and effective competition order, etc. The causes of administrative monopoly are mainly reflected by the insufficiency of economic restructuring, the relative lag of political restructuring, the driving of diversified administrative interests, the indifferent legal consciousness of the administrators in law-based administration, as well as the shortage of strict legal liability for the administrative monopoly in China,andsoon.
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