심층면담 기법으로써 모래이야기면담(Sandplay Narrative Interview)에 대한 방법적 탐구

조희순(Hee soon Cho),조재성(Jae seong Jo) 한국질적탐구학회 2018 질적탐구 Vol.4 No.2

본 연구는 모래놀이를 통한 심리 상담이 어떻게 심층면담의 새로운 기법으로 활용될 수 있는지를 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 모래이야기면담이 실천되고 있는 현장에서 다양한 질적자료 수집과 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 심층면담으로써 모래이야기면담이 갖는 질적 특징을 드러낼 수 있었다. 모래이야기면담에는 일반적인 심층면담과 구별되는 다섯 가지 특징이 있었 다. 그것은 연구 참여자의 무의식을 탐구하기, 비구조화된 면담 지향하기, 글쓰기와 생애사 탐구하기, 연구자와 연구 참여자가 공동으로 의미 찾기, 연구 참여자의 발달 강조하기였다. 한편, 모래이야기면담을 활용한 결과 그 시사점으로 연구 참여자 진술의 진실성을 검증, 면담에 대한 심리적인 부담 감소, 연구 참여자와 연구자 모두에게 심리적 성숙의 기회를 제공이라는 요소를 찾아낼 수 있었다. 이처럼 모래이야기면담을 통한 질적연구에서 분명한 가능성을 찾을 수 있었다. 특히 유아 및 아동을 위한 상담, 생애전환기 성인을 위한 상담, 노인의 생애사 정리를 위한 상담 등의 주제와 관련하여 모래이야기면담은 유용한 기법들을 제시할 것으로 기대된다. In this study, the theoretical and the substantial investigation were performed on the sandplay narrative interview, one of the techniques of in-depth interview to identify entire processes of sandplay narrative interview and discover the detained characteristics and possibilities. The participants discovered the answers related to the subject of inquiry undergoing the 5 stages of chaos and differentiation, conflict and struggle, realization, reconciliation and application, and exploration of life histories. Through the research process, the five characteristics of the sandplay narrative interview differentiated from general in-depth interview were discovered. First, the subconscious desire, belief, etc. of the participants were explored together with the conscious expressions. Sandplay could be an apparatus to conduct flexible and wellbalanced interview as it is capable of reliving the tension appropriately about the topic that the subject wants or does not want to speak about. Second, the sandplay narrative interview enabled collection of more abundant and unique narratives, adopting thoroughly unstructured interview. Third, in sandplay, it is capable of collecting various narrative through diverse methods such as writing and life history. Fourth, the participants engaged as much as the research did in the process of analyzing and drawing the meanings. Fifth, sandplay narrative interview was intended to apply the results immediately to the life of participants. The researcher provided active helps so that the participants could perceive things differently in life and achieve the improvement of relationship with the family, coworkers and friends, instead of simply understanding the ups and downs in life. In the meantime, the sandplay narrative interview is a method to look into true inner-self of participants, by helping the participants reveal the subconsciousness, utilizing the sand box, figure, etc. Furthermore, it required the researcher to present the story explaining the sand box directly, differently from the existing indepth interview, which relied solely on the narrative coming out from people’ s consciousness. With the method, the researcher was able to understand if their answers on the specific research topics and questions really reflected the mind of participants and what made them think that way. Also, the sandplay narrative interview contributed to reducing psychological burden that the participants might generally have for the research and the interview by adopting the specific ways of sandplay. They told the story related to the research topics naturally, helping them freely talk what they wanted to the sand box instead of having the feeling of pressure or repulsion. Although all the individual sessions of the interview were planned for 1 hour or longer, no case was reported that research process was interrupted or the participant complained about being board and this should be considered positively. Another positive factor was that the research provided an opportunity for both the researcher and the participants to become psychologically more matured. All the participants identified their subconsciousness that had been the root of external problem and made them differentiated from others. These factors appeared as obvious advantage in the aspect of research ethics.As such, the sandplay narrative interview showed positive factors as a method of qualitative research. It is expected that the sandplay narrative interview would present useful techniques for topics like counseling particularly for the infants and children, organizing elders’ life history and others. As a research, I look forward to seeing many research cases utilizing the sandplay narrative interview in the future.

영남대학교병원에서 동정된 비예기 항체의 빈도 및 분포: 2002년 1월에서 2006년 12월까지 최근 5년간의 경험

조희순 ( Hee Soon Cho ),이채훈 ( Chae Hoon Lee ),김경동 ( Kyung Dong Kim ) 영남대학교 기초/임상의학연구소 2007 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.24 No.2S

Background:Unexpected antibodies can cause hemolytic transfusion reaction or decrease the survival of transfused red blood cells. Type and screen is recommended for efficient transfusion, so we perform antibody screening test for pre-transfusion test. In this study, we investigated the frequency and distribution of unexpected antibodies at Yeungnam University Hospital during recent 5 years. 1) Methods:We analyzed the results of 28,944 antibody screening test that were performed for preparation of packed red cells from 2002 to 2006. Screening and identification of unexpected antibodies were carried out using a column agglutination method with the DiaMed ID system. Results:Unexpected antibodies were detected from 234 samples (0.84%) out of 28,944 samples. After exclusion of samples from same patients, 185 patients had unexpected antibodies. Identification of unexpected antibodies were performed from 108 patients. Antibody that was detected most frequently was anti-E (36.1%), followed by anti-C and anti-Lea (6.5%), anti-c (4.6%), anti-D (3.7%), anti-Jkb (3.0%), anti-Jka, anti-S, anti-Xga (1.9%), anti-e, anti-Fya, anti-M, anti-Jsa and anti-Lub (0.9%). 15 patients (13.9%) had autoantibodies and 20 cases (18.5%) could not be identified by LISS/Coombs method. Conclusion:The frequency of unexpected antibodies at our hospital was 0.84%, and the most identified unexpected antibodies were clinically significant. Therefore, antibody screening and identification tests are critical step in pre-transfusion test.

'자연의 친구' 교육 프로그램의 효과 연구

뮨용린(Yong Lin Moon),조희순(Hee Soon Cho),곽윤정(Yun Jung Kwak) 한국아동학회 2002 아동학회지 Vol.23 No.4

This study examined the effects of the `Friends of Nature` education program on multiple intelligence(MI) and emotional intelligence(EI or EQ). The `Friends of Nature` activity was designed as an education program on the basis of the theories of multiple intelligence and emotional intelligence in order to develop MI and El through real experiences in the nature. The subjects were 5-year-old kindergarten children, the education activities lasted for 7 months. Significant effects were found in the children`s multiple and emotional intelligence between the control group and the activity group in some but not all areas of MI and El. Consequently, the `Friends of Nature` program can be said to have partially positive effects on the improvement of children`s multiple and emotional intelligence.

일개 농촌지역 노인의 아포지단백 E 다형성과 인지기능 변화

김상규,황태윤,이경수,강복수,조희순,배영경,Kim, Sang-Kyu,Hwang, Tae-Yoon,Lee, Kyeong-Soo,Kang, Pock-Soo,Cho, Hee-Soon,Bae, Young-Kyung 대한예방의학회 2009 예방의학회지 Vol.42 No.4

Objectives : The aim of this study is to examine the cognitive function change related to aging, the incidence of cognitive impairment, and the association between apolipoprotein E polymorphism and cognitive impairment through a follow-up of the elderly with normal cognitive ability at baseline. Methods : Two hundred and fifteen subjects aged 65 and over were surveyed in February, 1998 (baseline survey), and their cognitive function was assessed again in 2003 1st follow-up) and the once again in 2006 (2nd follow-up). Ninety one subjects completed all surveys up through the 2nd follow-up and their cognitive function scores using MMSE-K (Korean Version of the Mini-Mental State Examination) and the distribution of apolipoprotein E allele were analyzed. Results : The cognitive function scores decreased with aging and the difference between baseline and the 2nd follow-up scores of the study increased with the age group. The incidence rate of cognitive impairment through an 8-year follow-up was 38.5% and higher in older age groups. Age was the only significant factor for incidence of cognitive impairment, but there was no significant association between apolipoprotein E genotype and incidence of cognitive impairment. Conclusions : The cognition of the elderly decreased with aging and the association of apolipoprotein E genotype with incidence of cognitive impairment was not significant in this study. To confirm the association between apolipoprotein E polymorphism and incidence of cognitive impairment further studies will be needed.

감염부위의 항균제 침투를 고려한 항균제 감수성 검사의 해석

이채훈 ( Chae Hoon Lee ),조희순 ( Hee Soon Cho ) 영남대학교 기초/임상의학연구소 2007 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.24 No.2S

Background:It is important to select appropriate antimicrobials for the treatment of infection according to the results of antibiotic susceptibility test(AST). AST interprets as susceptible, resistant or intermediate on the base of breakpoints of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute(CLSI), but do not take into account the antimicrobial concentrations of variable tissues. As different tissues have different distributions of antimicrobials, it is necessary to interpret AST according to the tissue concentration. Thereby we intend to evaluate the usefulness of interpretation of antimicrobial susceptibility depending on tissue distribution of antimicrobials. 1) Materials and Methods:Gram negative bacilli that isolated from clinical specimens in Yeungnam University Hospital from August to September, 2007 were evaluated retrospectively. The data of blood concentration and tissue distribution of antibiotics with variable administration route and dosage were collected and arranged in the forms of previous reported data and regarded as resistant if minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) is higher than the expected concentration of each tissues. Results:Among the data reported as susceptible, aztreonam, imipenem and ciprofloxacin were relatively good relationship with AST. But, ampicillin, ticarcillin, cefazolin and cefotaxime of sputum or bronchial secretion were less effective with high MIC of organism. Gentamicin and amikacin also were shown as less effective in respiratory tissues and wound with high MIC of oganism. Conclusion:As different tissues have different antimicrobial concentrations for identical antimicrobial, more informations on antimicrobial tissue distribution is needed for appropriate treatment in infection. Reporting of MIC should be considered for selection of antimicrobials rather than AST with breakpoints. Therefore interpretation of AST considering tissue concentration is more helpful for prevention of major error and control of infection.

자가 조혈모세포 이식으로 치료된 전신 아밀로이드증을 동반한 다발성 골수종 1 예

이하영 ( Ha Young Lee ),이경희 ( Kyung Hee Lee ),김민경 ( Min Kyoung Kim ),조희순 ( Hee Soon Cho ),현명수 ( Myung Soo Hyun ) 영남대학교 기초/임상의학연구소 2007 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.24 No.2S

Myeloma is a disease of neoplastic B lymphocytes that synthesize abnormal amounts of immunoglobulin (Ig) or Ig fragments. Ten to twenty percent of myeloma patients are known to develop clinical evidence of amyloid-light chain(AL) amyloidosis. A high index of suspicion, however, is needed to make a diagnosis of amyloidosis. We report a case of multiple myeloma with AL amyloidosis successfully treated with autologous stem cell transplantation. In our case, the patient presented with longstanding abdominal discomfort and anterior chest pain. Chest X-ray showed several osteolytic changes on ribs. Endoscopic biopsy revealed massive amyloid deposits in the wall of stomach and rectum. Serum/urine protein electroporesis and bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. At 18 months after high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation(ASCT), the patient maintained a complete response. In patients with multiple myeloma with AL amyloidosis, high dose chemotherapy and ASCT can be effective treatment strategy.

초·중·고등학교 학생·학부모·일반교사의 보건교육 영역별 요구도와 보건교육

윤순녕,김영임,최정명,조희순,김영희,박영남,오경순,이분옥,조선녀,조소영,한선희,하영미 韓國學校保健學會 2005 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.18 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of health education in students, their parents and teachers in the elementary, middle and high schools and the current situation of health education class. Method: The subjects of this study were a total of 9450 persons including students, their parents and teachers from 279 schools throughout the country. They were selected through convenient sampling. Data were analyzed through x^(2)­test and ANOVA. Result: Students, their parents and teachers replied that 18 dimensions of health education class (DHEC) are necessary. The four DHEC - healthier life style, sex education, mental health and safety education - showed high educational needs in students, their parents, and teacher. High school students had higher educational need of 'symptom management for daily living' than elementary and middle school students. Students, their parents and teachers in elementary school had higher educational needs of 17 DHEC that those in middle and high school. The percentages of schools with health education class taught by health teachers were 99.2%, 75.5% and 66.0% respectively in elementary, middle and high schools. Health education was given mainly using physical education classes at elementary schools, and creative class hours at middle and high schools. In general, health education took 1-3 hours per week at elementary schools, and less than an hour at middle and high schools. Conclusion: Therefore, based on the results, systematic health education class should begin from elementary school to meet the need of health education in students, their parents and teachers, and further study should be made on the number of hours required and the amount of contents of 18 DHEC.

초·중·고등학교 학생, 학부모, 일반교사의 보건교육 요구

윤순녕,김영임,최정명,조희순,김영희,박영남,오경순,이분옥,조선녀,조소영,한선희,하영미 韓國學校保健學會 2004 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify needs of health education of the students, parents, general teachers, and health teacher of the elementary, middle, and high schools. Method : 279 schools of elementary, middle, and high school were sampled nonproportionally during the period from June 28 to July 26, 2004 . The data were collected by the questionnaire from 1,888 students, 1,876 parents, 1,695 general teachers, 279 health teachers. A frequency, % and χ2-test were used to analysis by SAS program. Result : 1. It showed that 98.1% of elementary school students, 92.3% of middle school students, 89.6% of high school students answered that they need health education. The most of students, parents, and general teachers had high interests in health education. 2. In the case of students, main causes of needs of health education was 'to prevent diseases or accidents''. But parents answered that it was 'to build up a healthier behavior'. General teachers answered that it was 'more effective systematic and continuous health education'. 3. Over 80% of students, parents, and general teachers about the question of who qualified person is to teach health education as a regular class responded that health teacher is available. Especially 93% of elementary school students answered like that. 4. The most of students, parents, and general teachers answered that health education in the classroom is favorable 1 to 2 hours per week. Conclusion : As results of the study , the majority of students, parents, general teachers agreed needs of health education. Therefore, on the basis of this study, systematic and continuous health education is necessary. Additionally the establishment of independent health subject is required certainly.

동맥혈 가스분석에서 검사전 오차의 요인 분석

조희순,김경동 대한임상병리학회 1998 대한임상병리학회지 Vol.18 No.2

적혈구 무형성증과 특발성 혈소판강소성 자반증을 동반한 Human parvovirus B19 감염 1예

조희순,배성익,문진영,김경동 대한임상병리학회 1998 대한임상병리학회지 Vol.18 No.3