전라문화의 맥과 전북인물 : 제 1 편 전라문화의 맥 ; 전북 지방사 자료의 연구 (1) - 전북지역 읍지에 관한 연구 / 씨족형세에 대한 분석을 중심으로

임지환 전북대학교 전라문화연구소 1990 전라문화의 맥과 전북인물 Vol.- No.-

Correlation between Endoscopic and Histological Diagnoses of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia

임지환,김나영,이혜승,최기영,조소영,전일영,최치언,윤혁,신철민,박영수,이동호,정현채 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2013 Gut and Liver Vol.7 No.1

Background/Aims: Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a premalignant condition. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between endoscopic and histological findings of IM. Methods: The cases of IM were graded by conventional endoscopy, and biopsies were taken from the antrum and body of 1,333 subjects for histological IM diagnosis. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify the factors that affect the sensitivity of endoscopic IM diagnosis. Results: The sensitivity/specificity of endoscopic IM diagnosis based on histology was 24.0%/91.9% for the antrum and 24.2%/88.0% for the body. As indicated by multivariate analysis, the presence of endoscopic atrophic gastritis (AG) (odds ratio [OR], 4.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.07 to 10.79) and the activity of mucosal inflammation (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.08 to 4.54) were associated with the sensitivity of endoscopic IM diagnosis in the antrum, while the presence of endoscopic AG (OR, 8.02; 95% CI, 4.55 to 14.15), dysplasia (OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.07 to 5.39), and benign gastric ulcers (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.081) were associated with the sensitivity of endoscopic IM diagnosis in the body. Conclusions: As the sensitivity of endoscopic IM diagnosis was low, a high index of suspicion for IM is necessary in the presence of atrophy, and confirmation by histology is also necessary. (Gut Liver 2013;7:41-50)

제1차 세계 대전 후 천진시의 상공업 발전과 금융시장

임지환 전북사학회 2012 전북사학 Vol.0 No.40

In 1920s, Tianjin was the second largest industrial city in China. The outbreak of the World War I served as a momentum for the remarkable, industrial development of China. Tianjin took this opportunity and its industry grew rapidly in a short period time. In 1920, there were over 6000 factories established in this city. Even if small and medium sized factories accounted for over 95% of all the factories, a few of the large factories were globally competitive, especially the textile and flour milling industries as well as some of the chemical industries. The early stage of commercial and industrial development in Tianjin owes its growth and success to the banking infrastructure that had been well organized since Ch'ing dynasty. On the other hand, as time went by, the rapid development of Tianjin industry in the early 20th century accelerated the growth of the financial market. During the early years of the Republic of China, there were three kinds of financial groups: the foreign banking group, the Chinese banking group, and the Chinese traditional banking group. Large enterprises borrowed the industrial funds from the foreign or Chinese banks, and most of the small and medium sized enterprises borrowed their industrial funds from the traditional Chinese banks called ChienChuang . Most of the small and medium sized enterprises didn't have enough collateral to take out the industrial funds and, therefore, they favored the Chinese traditional banks which had been loaning on a credit basis since Ch'ing dynasty. The development of the financial market made it possible for businesses in TianJin to secure their industrial funds easily. As it was mentioned earlier, the rapid development of industry in Tianjin influenced the growth of financial market, which can be summarized as follows; In the first place, banking facilities had a tendency to grow larger in size in order to better provide industrial capital funds to businesses. In the case of Chinese banks, large-sized banks began to secure large amount of banking capitals; in the case of traditional banks, they tried to meet the demand of businesses for increased industrial funds by intensifying the financial alliance among banks. Secondly, the financial institutions in Tianjin began to expand their banking branches into various areas in north China. With the rapid industrial development in Tianjin, many businesses expanded their activities into the inland of north China to purchase the agricultural products or stock farm products they needed, and transported them to Tianjin for processing. The banking facilities began to establish their branches in the major cities in north China in order to make the industrial funds readily available for businesses if need be. Thirdly, the industrial development prompted the prosperity of traditional banks. There were several factors that made it possible for traditional banks to prosper in 1920s. First, unlike Chinese modern banks, the traditional banks loaned industrial funds on credit basis. So they played a very important role in providing industrial funds to most of the small and midium sized enterprises that had no enough collateral to borrow money . This kind of banking policy of traditional banks became one of the most important factors that made many businessmen favor the traditional banks. Second, the exchange of financial capitals helped the traditional banks to maintain deep relations with Chinese modern banks. The Chinese banks took advantage of traditional banks to provide industrial funds to small and medium sized enterprises by giving financial assistance to them. It helped traditional banks secure enough financial capitals to loan industrial funds to businesses. Thirdly, it was the complicated monetary system of early Republic of China that helped tradition banks to prosper. China had adopted double metallic monetary standards called Eunliang and Eunwon which coexisted as standard currencies in the financial market. The exchange value of two currencies was decided by supply and demand in the financial market. All kinds of currency exchange had to be done in the exchange house. All exchange houses were under the control of traditional banks. Traditional banks took advantage of this kind of financial environment to expand their banking business in the financial market. Fourth, it can be said that Chinese financial market was free of the government control during early Republic of China. The Chinese government had no capability of controling the financial market. As a consequence, irregularity and speculation were rampant in the financial market. Particularly, speculation was a very important method of making profits for traditional banks in the financial market. Currency was a main object of speculation before currency reform was carried out in the early 1930s. The objects of speculation were shifted to actual goods after the currency reform. The laissez faire financial market caused speculation to be rampant in the Chinese society, which made it possible for traditional banks to make huge profits through speculation. As mentioned above, small and medium sized enterprises couldn't borrow industrial funds from modern banks, due to the lack of collateral. If it had not been for traditional banks, small and medium sized enterprises might have had to borrow money from private moneylenders who practiced usury. The prosperity of traditional banks contributed to weakening the private loan market in the Chinese society, and made it possible for businesses to use industrial funds at low interest.

淸末 上海 金融市場의 金融風潮

임지환 전북사학회 1999 전북사학 Vol.21ㆍ22 No.-

1930년대 천진전장

임지환 호남사학회 2014 역사학연구 Vol.54 No.-

In 1930s the Chinese traditional banks had to experience financial crisis in the banking business. Chinese government carried out the monetary reform to drive Eunliang, a kind of currency which had been used only to enter the sum in the account, out of the monetary market in the early 1930s. The traditional bank, or Chunchang, could expand the banking business in the financial market, before the monetary reform was conducted, by taking advantage of various favorable financial conditions given in the traditional monetary system. With the monetary reform in the early 1930s, the traditional banks must be willing to lose the financial basis that made it possible for them to make enormous profits in the process of exchanging the different currency or of depositing and withdrawing money in the bank. In spite of financial crisis in 1930s, however, the traditional banks in Tianjin could continue to maintain the prosperity of banking business. The main causes that they could keep maintaining the prosperity in 1930s can be summarized as follows : first of all, the traditional banks kept the financial policy to lend commercial and industrial funds to businessmen on credit basis like in 1920s. Naturally the small and medium sized commercial firms and industrial enterprises which were having a hard time with the lack of proper collaterals favored more the traditional banks than modern banks. The financial relation between Tianjin businessmen and the traditional banks could be maintain in 1930s without hitches. Second, after Manchuria was occupied by Japanese troops, the political insecurity and social unrest prompted lots of capitalists in North China to move to Tianjin which kept safe politically and socially, due to the preferential area of foreign powers. The traditional banks opened by them played very important roles of revitalizing the trades between Tianjin and local cities in North China by providing financial aids to businessmen who were a same native. Third, Tianjin was under the control of pro-Japanese government after Chinese government declared the war against Japan in 1937. The traditional banks made lots of profits in speculation by taking advantage of chaotic political situation. In coping with the change of financial environment, the traditional banks had to experience a couple of variation in the financial market. The Tianjin financial market was controled with strong exclusive tendency by businessmen who were a native of Tianjin before 1930s. But the scope of influence in the financial market began to be changed after large number of capitalists moved to Tianjin from each provinces from North China. The native banking businessmen had to coexist with those who moved to Tianjin from outsides. Besides that, as a part of struggle of survival in the financial market, the businessmen in the traditional bank had to make the banking funds raise in amount. 1930년대 초 남경정부에 의한 각종 금융개혁 조치로 인해 구식은행인 전장은 경영상 엄청난 타격을 면치 못했다. 천진전장 역시 금융경영의 위기를 면할 순 없었으나 중국의 다른 지역과는 달리 1930년대에도 그 전과 마찬가지로 계속 번영을 구가할 수 있었다. 본고에서는 이 점에 착안하여 1930년대 천진전장이 꾸준히 그 성장세를 유지할 수 있었던 원인을 다음 몇 가지로 분석하였다. 첫째, 전장의 운영방식이 신식은행과는 달리 신용위주의 대출을 함으로써 천진시의 상공업자들의 환영을 받았던 점, 둘째, 1930년대 전쟁으로 인해 야기된 불안했던 정치, 사회적 정황을 피하여 열강의 조계가 형성되어 있던 천진시로 화북 각 지역의 자본가들이 대거 이주하여 전장을 개설하였던 점, 셋째, 전장과 신식은행간의 밀접한 금융유대 속에 각 전장들이 신식은행으로부터 손쉽게 금융자금을 지원받을 수 있었던 점, 마지막으로 항일전쟁기간 중 혼란한 정국을 틈타 전장들이 무차별적으로 투기를 감행하여 엄청난 수익을 올릴 수 있었던 점 등을 1930년대 천진전장이 지속적으로 번영할 수 있었던 주요 원인으로 손꼽을 수 있다. 이로써 1930년대 후반기 천진전장의 번영은 정상을 벗어난 투기에 의한 기형적인 번영이라 할 수 있겠다. 그리고 1930년대 천진전장의 번영과 함께 전통금융시장에 변화가 일어나게 되었는데 이를 요악하면 첫째, 각 전장들이 새로운 금융환경에 적응하기 위해 전장의 규모를 10만원대 이상의 금융기관으로 거대화하기 시작했던 점과 둘째로 1930년대에 들어 화북 각 지역으로부터 불안한 정치 사회적 정황을 피해 천진시로 대거 몰려들어오기 시작하면서 천진시의 전통금융시장에서는 종천처럼 본지방전장이라 할 수 있었던 천진방 전장들이 금융시장을 독점하는 금융관행이 사라지게 되었다는 점이다.

1920년대 천진시의 공업발전

임지환 전북사학회 2010 전북사학 Vol.0 No.36

In 1920s, Tianjin was the second largest industrial city in China. With the outbreak of the world war I, China could achieve remarkable industrial development. Tianjin could also develop it's industry in a short period time. In 1920, there were over 6000 factories established in Tianjin. Even if small and medium sized factories occupied 99% of all the factories, a few of large factories were globally competitive, especially in the textile and flour industries as well as part of the chemical industries. There were several factors that made it possible for Tianjin to achieve the rapid industrial development in a short period time. In the first place, in the early 20th century, the expansion of railway network revolutionized the transportation of commercial goods and industrial raw materials. The large amount of industrial raw materials, collected from various areas of North China such as cotton, wheat, fur etc, could easily be transported to Tianjin without geographical hindrance, and lots of industrial products produced in Tianjin could also be easily supplied to various areas in North China. Secondly, the financial market had well been developed in Tianjin since Ch'ing dynasty. During the early years of the republic of China, there were three kinds of financial groups: the foreign banking group, the Chinese banking group, and the Chinese traditional banking group. The large enterprises borrowed the industrial funds from the foreign or Chinese banks, and most of the small and medium sized enterprises borrowed their industrial funds from the traditional Chinese banks. Most of the small and medium sized enterprises didn't have enough collateral to take out the industrial funds and, therefore, they favored the Chinese traditional banks which had been lorning on a credit basis since Ch'ing dynasty. The development of the financial market made it possible for businessmen in Tianjin to secure their industrial funds easily. Thirdly, to establish large factories, a large amount of investment could be made in the textile, flour, and chemical industries, mainly by the warlords and government officials. The investment of warlords and government officials could contribute not only to take the lead in promoting Chinese national industries in Tianjin, but to put a stop to foreign capital's penetration into the Chinese industry. Fourthly, constant investments to produce industrial raw materials, such as cotton, wheat, and fur, had been made since the end of Ch'ing dynasty. Especially foreign capitalists made a large amount of investment in the northwestern area of North China to collect fur. The cotton producing districts which covered a wide range of North China rpompted the rapid development of textile industry, and the expansion of fur collecting districts into Northwest China contributed to developing the leather industry in Tianjin. The rapid development of industry in Tianjin had an effect on the commercial development. For example, the development of industry led to prompting the warehouse and distribution industry, and, in the various areas of North China, caused a lot of wholesale markets to be established to supply the industrial products.

IoT와 BLE 통신상의 형태보존암호 활용 및 최적화 구현 기법

임지환,권혁동,우재민,안규황,김도영,서화정 한국정보보호학회 2018 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.28 No.6

Bluetooth is the key technology in the wireless connection of many Internet of Things (IoT) devices, especially focusedon smartphones today. In addition, Bluetooth communication between the IoT device and the user is mainly performed viaBluetooth Low Energy (BLE), but as the Bluetooth technology gradually develops, the security vulnerability of the existingBLE is more prominent. Research on Bluetooth accessibility has been conducted steadily so far, but there is lack ofresearch for data protection in Bluetooth communication. Therefore, in this paper, when sending and receiving data in BLEcommunication between IoT and users, we propose effective methods for communicating with each other through the FormatPreserving Encryption Algorithm (FEA), not the plain text, and measures performance of FEA which is optimized inArduino and PC. 오늘날 스마트폰을 중심으로 많은 사물인터넷 (Internet of Things, IoT) 기기들이 무선으로 연결되는 데 있어서 빼놓을 수 없는 기술이 바로 블루투스이다. 또한, IoT 디바이스와 사용자 간에 블루투스 통신은 주로Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)를 통해서 이루어지는데, 블루투스 통신기술이 점차 발전함에 따라 기존 BLE의보안 취약점은 더욱 두드러질 것이다. 현재까지 블루투스 접근성에 대한 연구는 꾸준히 이뤄지고 있지만, 블루투스통신에서 데이터 보호에 대한 연구는 많이 부족하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 IoT와 사용자 간 BLE 통신에서 데이터를 주고받을 때, 평문이 아닌 형태보존암호 (Format Preserving Encryption Algorithm, FEA)를 통해 암호문을 주고받으며 통신하기 위한 효과적 방법에 대해 제안하고, 최적화 구현한 형태보존암호에 대해 Arduino와 PC에서 직접 테스트하여 성능을 측정한다.

포스터 전시 : 신장, 혈액종양 ; 조기위암과 Burkitt 림프종이 병발한 이중 원발성 암 1예

임지환,박재은,한봉준,강형민,이윤경,윤성민 대한내과학회 2005 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.69 No.10

제 2 부 : 전북지방사 자료의 연구 (1) ; 전북지역 읍지에 관한 연구 - 씨족형세에 대한 분석을 중심으로 -

임지환 전북대학교 전라문화연구소 1989 全羅文化論叢 Vol.3 No.-

형태보존암호화를 이용한 랜섬웨어 방지 및 스테가노그래피 보안강화기술

임지환,나관우,우재민,서화정,Lim, Ji-hwan,Na, Gwan-Woo,Woo, Jae-Min,Seo, Hwa-joeng 한국정보통신학회 2018 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.22 No.5

형태 보존 암호는 암호화하고자 하는 목적 정보에 대한 변형 없이 형태를 유지한 상태로 암호화하는 기법으로써 최근에 국가보안기술연구소에 의해 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 형태 보존 암호를 활용하여 기존의 사이버 보안 관련 문제를 해결하는 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 먼저 랜섬웨어 공격을 효과적으로 방어하기 위해 시그니처 및 확장자를 형태보존암호로 암호화하는 방안을 제시한다. 해당 기법은 최소한의 정보를 암호화함으로써 랜섬웨어에 대한 노출을 최소화할 수 있다. 두 번째로 스테가노그래피와 같이 비밀 정보를 숨기는 기술상에서도 해당 정보의 양을 최소화함으로써 공격에 대비할 수 있는 방안을 제시한다. 마지막으로 형태보존암호와 경량암호에서 암호화에 따른 동작 속도를 비교하고, 형태보존암호를 최적화하였을 때, 그에 따른 성능 향상까지 비교하고자 한다. Recently, Format-Preserving-Encryption (FEA) was suggested by the National Security Research institute (NSR) as an encryption method while maintaining the format without a distortion to the intended information to be encrypted. In this paper, we propose a scheme to solve conventional cyber security problems by using FEA scheme. First, we present the method to encrypt signatures and extensions with FEA in order to effectively defend against Ransomeware attacks. This technique can mitigate the exposure to the Ransomeware by encrypting the minimum information. Second, in order to reduce the secret information for Steganography, we introduce a new way to minimize the secret information with FEA. Finally, we compare the operation speed by encryption with FEA and Lightweight Encryption Algorithm (LEA), furthermore when we optimize FEA we want to compare with the performance improvement accompanying with it.