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신철민 대한연하장애학회 2015 대한연하장애학회지 Vol.5 No.2
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition that develops when the reflux of gastric contents causes troublesome symptoms or complications. Typical symptoms are heartburn and acid regurgitation; extraesophageal manifestations include chronic cough, reflux laryngitis, asthma, non-cardiac chest pain and dental erosion. GERD can be presented as esophagitis or Barrett’s esophagus; nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) is defined as no visible esophageal erosions but objective evidence that a patient’s symptoms are caused by gastro-esophageal reflux. Transient LES relaxations (tLESRs) and hiatal hernia are the main mechanisms underlying gastroesophageal reflux, and the acid pocket relative to the diaphragm is a major determinant of the acidity of the refluxate. Especially, in patients with NERD, increased permeability due to impaired mucosal barrier may contribute to symptom generation. The mainstay of pharmacologic therapy for GERD is gastric acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and PPIs are superior to histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RAs) for mucosal healing of erosive esophagitis and achieving symptom control. Prokinetics, cytoprotective agents and tLESR inhibitors such as baclofen also may be effective, but have only limited data. GERD could be a chronic relapsing disease, so maintenance therapy (either continuous or on-demand therapy) may be required following successful initial treatment.
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신철민,한창수,배치운,Ashwin A Patkar 대한정신약물학회 2011 대한정신약물학회지 Vol.22 No.2
Quality of medical research reports should be evaluated before they are applied to clinical practice. Since 1990s, several guidelines on research reports were suggested. Most recently published Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement 2010 consists of 25 checklists and flow diagram for reporting an randomized controlled trial. Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology statement is a checklist of items that should be addressed in articles reporting on the observational studies in epidemiology. TREND statement for the reporting of nonrandomized designs consists of 22 checklists. The Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses checklist proposes to provide checklist and flow diagram for reporting of meta-analyses. The Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement proposes a checklist for compensating the study errors about observational studies in epidemiology. After development of reporting guidelines, improvements in the quality of reports are continuously reported, so using guidelines in the medical research will be expected to be more generalized. 1990년대부터 임상연구 논문의 질을 평가하기 위한 도구들이 제안되기 시작하였다. 무작위대조시험에 대한 평가 도구인 CONSORT, 관찰연구의 평가 도구인 STROBE, 비무작위 설계 연구에 대한 평가 도구인 TREND, 메타분석 보고의 질을 평가하기 위한 QUOROM, 관찰연구의 메타분석에 대한 질 평가를 위한 MOOSE 등이 있다. 이들 평가도구들이 개발되어 사용된 이후 임상연구 논문의 질이 좋아지고 있다는 보고가 이어지고 있으며, 이는 추후 임상의학 발전에 보다 긍정적으로 이바지할 것이다.
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신철민,최영진,Shin, Cheol-Min,Choi, Young-Jin 한국산학기술학회 2018 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.19 No.7
최근에 마유(horse fat/oil)는 피부 건강에 좋은 것으로 알려지면서 화장품 성분으로의 활용이 증가하고 있으나 이에 적절한 품질 규격이나 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 마유를 이용하여 화장품에 사용되는 유중수적형(w/o) 에멀션을 제조하고, 마유에멀션의 저장 동안 산화 안정성 개선을 위해 녹차추출물을 첨가하여 항산화 활성을 조사 하였다. 녹차추출물을 0, 100, 500 및 1000 ppm 농도로 w/o 마유에멀션 (60% 마유)에 첨가한 후 $50^{\circ}C$ 암실에서 6일 동안 저장하였다. 마유에멀션의 산화 안정성과 녹차추출물의 항산화 효과는 과산화물가, 총 폴리페놀 함량의 변화 및 DPPH 자유 라디칼 소거 활성에 의해 분석 되었다. 녹차추출 후 추출물 중 총 폴리페놀 함량은 $127.68{\pm}1.28mg\;GAE/g$ 녹차잎 이었고 DPPH 자유 라디칼 소거능력은 $86.54{\pm}1.01%$였다. 녹차추출물을 첨가하지 않은 마유에멀션 및 500 ppm ${\alpha}$-토코페롤을 함유한 마유에멀션의 과산화물가는 저장 6일 동안 급격하게 증가하였다. 그러나 녹차추출물을 첨가한 에멀션에서는 유의하게 증가하지 않았고, 500 및 1000 ppm 녹차추출물을 첨가한 에멀션에서는 과산화물 형성 억제로 인해 마유 유지의 산화안정성을 개선시켰다. 녹차추출물을 첨가한 마유에멀션 중 총 폴리페놀 함량은 $50^{\circ}C$에서 저장 기간이 증가함에 따라 감소하였고 저장 0일에 100ppm의 녹차추출물을 첨가한 마유에멀션의 DPPH 자유 라디칼 소거 활성은 35.70% 이었고, 6일째 19.73%로 감소하였다. 그러나 500 ppm 및 1000 ppm 의 녹차추출물을 첨가한 에멀션의 경우 86.36 및 85.63%로 저장 기간에 따른 변화는 보이지 않았다. 녹차추출물의 첨가는 저장 중 마유의 유중 수적형(w/o) 에멀션의 과산화물 형성을 억제하였고 녹차추출물의 폴리페놀화합물은 마유에멀션의 산화를 억제하였다. Horse oil has long been a popular skincare ingredient in Korea. In this study, a water in oil (w/o) emulsion of horse oil was prepared and the effects of green tea extract (GTE) on the oxidation of the w/o emulsion with horse oil were investigated. To accomplish this, GTE was added to the w/o emulsion (60% horse oil) at different concentrations (0, 100, 500, and 1000 ppm), after which the emulsions were stored at $50^{\circ}C$ for 6 days in the dark. The oxidative stability of the emulsion and the antioxidant effects of GTE were analyzed by peroxide values, changes in total polyphenol content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The total polyphenol content of GTE after water extraction at $80^{\circ}C$ for 60 min was $127.68{\pm}1.28mg\;GAE/g$ and the DPPH free radical scavenging activity was $86.54{\pm}1.01%$. The peroxide values of the w/o emulsion without GTE and the emulsion with 500 ppm ${\alpha}$-tocopherol rapidly increased during storage for 6 days; however, the w/o emulsion with GTE was not significantly increased. In the emulsions with 100, 500, and 1000 ppm GTE, there were no significant differences in inhibition of peroxide formation (p>0.05). Total polyphenol contents in the emulsions with GTE decreased as storage days at $50^{\circ}C$ increased. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the emulsion with 100 ppm GTE at 0 day was 35.70%, and this decreased to 19.73% at day 6; however, those of the emulsions with 500 ppm and 1000 ppm GTE were 86.36 and 85.63%, which remained stable for almost the entire period. The addition of GTE inhibited peroxide formation in the water in horse oil emulsion during storage and the polyphenol in GTE prevented oxidation of the horse oil emulsion.
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신철민 대한상부위장관ㆍ헬리코박터학회 2022 Korean Journal of Helicobacter Upper Gastrointesti Vol.22 No.3
An esophageal diverticulum is rare and is usually asymptomatic, although this condition may cause dysphagia, regurgitation, chest pain, globus, halitosis, and aspiration pneumonia. Based on its location and the characteristic pathophysiology associated with this anomaly, esophageal diverticula are classified into the following types: Zenker’s, epiphrenic, and mid-esophageal diverticula (Rokitansky diverticulum). Esophagography is useful to diagnose esophageal diverticula. Evaluation of accompanying esophageal motility disorders, including achalasia and distal esophageal spasm is essential in patients with epiphrenic diverticula. Appropriate treatment is important for management of symptomatic esophageal diverticula. Previously, diverticulectomy or diverticulopexy was the usual treatment for this condition. However, surgical resection of diverticula is challenging owing to the complex esophageal anatomy, particularly in patients with diverticula located in close proximity to the oral cavity. Technological advances have led to the introduction of minimally invasive endoscopic approaches focused on symptom improvement. Rigid diverticuloscope-assisted septotomy, flexible endoscopic septum division, Zenker peroral endoscopic myotomy (Z-POEM), and peroral endoscopic septotomy (POES) are useful for treatment of a Zenker’s diverticulum. Recent studies recommend diverticulum peroral endoscopic myotomy (D-POEM) for endoscopic management of epiphrenic diverticula. Further studies are warranted to conclusively establish the technical success rates, clinical symptom improvement, and long-term prognosis of Z-POEM, POES, and D-POEM.
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신철민,Hongyi Qin,Seokjun Hong,Sanghyuk Jeon,Atul Kulkarni,Taesung Kim 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.12
During the Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP), the pad conditioning process can affect the pad surface characteristics. Among many CMP process parameters, the improper applied load on the conditioner arm may have adverse effects on the polyurethane pad. In this work, we evaluated the pad surface properties under the various conditioner arm applied during pad conditioning process. The conditioning pads were evaluated for surface topography, surface roughness parameters such as Rt and Rvk and Material removal rate (MRR) and within-wafer non-uniformity after wafer polishing. We observed that, the pad asperities were collapsed in the direction of conditioner rotation and blocks the pad pores applied conditioner load. The Rvk value and MRR were founded to be in relation with 4 > 1 > 7 kgF conditioner load. Hence, this study shows that, 4 kgF applied load by conditioner is most suitable for the pad conditioning during CMP.
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