Heat-stress 온도 적용이 교감신경활동에 미치는 영향

임영은,양은영,김태열,Lim, Young-Eun,Yang, Eun-Young,Kim, Tae-Youl 대한임상전기생리학회 2007 대한임상전기생리학회지 Vol.5 No.2

The purpose of this study were to investigate influence of heat stress temperature on sympathetic nerve activities. Subjects were 8 normal adults (4 men, 4 women, 21.36 years old). First sympathetic nerve activities were measured at the point that increase of core temperature stops at the state of applying normal thermic temperature (NIT; $34^{\circ}C$). After measurement, temperature of bathtub was increased to heat stress temperature (HST; $46^{\circ}C$) and sympathetic nerve activities were remeasured at the point that temperature increase stops. Sympathetic skin response (SSR) were analyzed using EMG, IR thermometer, and auto stethoscope. SSR latency showed significant differences at both palms by electrical stimulation to median nerve (p<.05). Electrical stimulation to forehead showed significant difference at left palm (p<.05) and electrical stimulation to navel showed significant difference at right palm (p<.05). Median nerve in changes of SSR amplitude showed significant differences at both palms in HST (p<.01). Electrical stimulation to navel showed significant difference at left palm (p<.05). Ts of forehead and xiphoid process showed significant differences (p<0.01). Tc of oral (p<0.05) and inner ear (p<0.01) showed significant differences. Pulse rate showed significant difference (<0.05). This study showed that immersion in HST had significant decrease of excitability in sympathetic nervous system compared to immersion in NTT.

Correlation between MVIC and Muscle Architecture in the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle during Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction

임영은,김인걸,김태열,윤세원,서삼기,이정우,Lim, Young-Eun,Kim, In-Geol,Kim, Tae-Youl,Yoon, Se-Won,Seo, Sam-Ki,Lee, Jeong-Woo The Korean Society of Physical Therapy 2007 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.19 No.6

Purpose: This study examined the correlation between the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and the muscle architecture in the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle during MVIC. Methods: The muscle area, volume were measured using a ultrasound imaging system to obtain the muscle architecture during the MVIC. For the mechanical muscle strength measurements, the MVIC was obtained using a dynamometer. Results: There was a significant correlation between the MVIC and the muscle area (r=0.498, p<0.01) and muscle volume (r=0.602, p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between the MVIC and density (r=-0.429, p<0.05). The area showed significant correlations with the muscle volume (r=0.699, p<0.001) and density (r=-0.429, p<0.05). In addition, there was a correlation between the volume and muscle density (r=0.555, p<0.01). Conclusion: There is close relationship between the MVIC and the muscle architecture in the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle during the MVIC.

양극 경두개직류자극에 의한 운동관련피질전위의 변화

임영은,김수현,양대중,김태열,Lim, Young-Eun,Kim, Su-Hyon,Yang, Dae-Jung,Kim, Tae-Youl 대한물리치료학회 2009 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Purpose: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a useful method for modulating the brain activity. This study compared the effect of continuous and interrupted tDCS using the change in the movement related cortical potential. Methods: Thirty healthy participants (male: 18 and female: 12) were assigned randomly to three groups; sham tDCS, continuous tDCS, which the current continuously flowed for 10 minutes, and interrupted tDCS, which the interrupted current flowed for 10 minutes (repetition: 4sec stimulation and 5sec rest) at an intensity of 1mA with anodal polarity. The effect of tDCS on the right primary motor area was measured from the movement related cortical potential (MRCP) before and after the experiment. MRCP consisted of the bereitshaftspotential (BP) and negative slope potential (NS) at Cz and C4. Results: Continuous and interrupted tDCS showed a significant difference in the changes in the BP, NS at Cz and C4 compared to the sham tDCS. However, there was no significant difference between the continuous tDCS and interrupted tDCS. Conclusion: The change in cortical activity by continuous and interrupted tDCS results from an improvement in the MRCP. An interrupted tDCS may be a safe and useful modality for stimulating the cortical region.

뇌졸중 후 편마비 환자의 Global Synkinesis 수준이 보행능력에 미치는 영향

임재헌,임영은,김수현,박경순,김태열,Lim, Jae-Heon,Lim, Young-Eun,Kim, Su-Hyon,Park, Kyeong-Soon,Kim, Tae-Youl 대한물리치료학회 2008 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Purpose: We determined the effect of global synkinesis(GS) on gait ability, muscle contraction, and central neuron action potentials in post-stroke hemiplegic subjects. Methods: Thirty hemiplegia patients were evaluated for walking ability, muscle contraction, central neuron action potential, and comparing differences between the H-GS(high-global synkinesis) group and L-GS(low-global synkinesis) group. To obtain the GS level, surface electromyography(EMG) data were digitized and processed to root mean square(RMS). Walking ability was tested with a modified motor assessment scale(MMAS), a 10 m walking test, timed up and go(TUG) test, and a Fugl-Meyer assessment(FMA). Muscle contraction ability was measured as maximal isometric contraction(MIC) peak, MIC slope, and MIC ramp up using mechanomyography(MMG). Central neuron action potential was measured as the H/Mmax ratio or V/Mmax ratio using EMG. The data were analyzed with t-tests to determine the statistical significance. Results: MMAS(p<0.01), 10 m walking velocity(p<0.01), TUG(p<0.01), FMA-HKA(Hip, Knee, Ankle)(p<0.05), FMA-coordination(p<0.05), MIC peak (p<0.05), MIC slope(p<0.01), and MIC ramp up(p<0.05) were significantly different between H-GS and L-GS, as was the V/Mmax ratio(p<0.05), but H/Mmax was not. Conclusion: Lower GS levels indicated better walking ability and motor function. Therefore, intervention programs should consider GS levels in gait training of chronic hemiplegia.

사전 원심성 운동이 운동 유발 근 손상에 미치는 효과

김병주,임영은,윤세원,박승규,김태열,Kim, Byoung-Ju,Lim, Young-Eun,Yoon, Se-Won,Park, Seung-Kyu,Kim, Tae-Youl 대한물리치료학회 2008 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Purpose: This study examined the effects of pre-eccentric exercise to the quadriceps for the prevention of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and recovery of muscular function, depending on the training intensities. Methods: Subjects were divided into one of three groups that control group, a low intensity eccentric exercise group (LIEE group) and a high intensity eccentric exercise group (HIEE group). Subjects who underwent pre-eccentric exercise undertook exercise at an intensity of 25% and 75% of maximal voluntary contractions, respectively. After undertaking pre-eccentric exercise for eight weeks, eccentric exercise was applied again to induce DOMS. Measurements were conducted to examine pain and muscular function changes before, immediately after, after the induction of DOMS, and at the first, third, fifth and seventh days after the induction of DOMS. Results: Subjects who underwent pre-eccentric exercise showed a significant difference from the control group for the changes in the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain threshold, pressure pain threshold and muscle thickness by isometric contraction from measuring DOMS, and in particular, pain threshold by isometric contraction had remarkable effect in the LIEE group of subjects. For the change of the root mean square values using mechanomyography (MMG) as the measurement of muscular function recovery, subjects who had undertaken pre-eccentric exercise group showed a significant difference as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Pre-eccentric exercise was very effective in preventing and recovering delayed onset muscle soreness and was helpful to prevent and recover from decreased muscular function. The difference based on the intensity of exercise was not great, but it was more effective in the low intensity eccentric exercise group of subjects. Therefore, it can be considered that pre-eccentric exercise has a high application value as a physical therapy intervention for prevention and rehabilitation of sports injuries.

학교폭력 가해 위험요인 및 보호요인 평가문항 개발 및 타당화

오인수(In soo Oh),임영은(Young eun Lim),이선아(Sun a Lee) 고려대학교 교육문제연구소 2018 敎育問題硏究 Vol.31 No.3

본 연구의 목표는 학교폭력을 효과적으로 예방하기 위하여 학교폭력과 관련된 위험요인과 보호요인을 평가하는 평가문항을 개발하고 이를 타당화 하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 선행연구를 종합적으로 분석하여 학교폭력의 위험요인과 보호요인의 구성요소를 도출하였다. 도출된 구성요인별로 각 요인을 측정하는 예비문항을 구성하고 선행연구에서 신뢰도와 타당도가 입증된 기존의 평가도구를 바탕으로 구성요인을 측정하는 예비문항을 추출했다. 구성된 예비문항에 대해 델파이 방법으로 평가문항을 추출했다. 추출된 평가문항으로 설문지를 구성한 후 1,000명의 중학생에게 설문을 송부했으며, 이 가운데 604부가 회수되었고, 클리닝 후 최종 분석에 사용된 자료는 559부이다. 이후 평가도구의 타당화를 위한 요인분석은 교차타당화 방식을 적용했다. 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하여 수집한 자료의 잠재적 구성요인을 도출한 후, 확인적 요인분석을 통해 추출된 이론적 요인구조의 안정성이 유지되는지 검증하였다. 그 결과, 총 23요인, 93문항이 최종 학교폭력 가해 위험요인 및 보호요인 평가문항으로 확정되었고, 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 교육적 함의를 논의하였다. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a questionnaire that evaluates risk and protective factors associated with school violence in order to effectively prevent school violence. To this end, the previous studies were analyzed comprehensively to derive the components of the risk and protective factors of school violence. A set of preliminary questions was constructed to measure each factor. The preliminary questions were extracted to measure the factors based on existing validated questionnaires. The items of the questionnaire were extracted in the Delphi method. The extracted questionnaire items were sent to 1,000 middle school students, 604 of which were collected, and 559 cases were used for final analysis. Factor analyses for the validity of the assessment were implemented based on a cross󰠏validation procedure. After conducting exploratory factor analysis to derive the potential components of the collected data, it was verified that the theoretical factors structure by confirmatory factor analysis. As a result, a total of 23 factors, 93 questions, was finalized as final school violence risk and protective factor assessment questionnaire. Educational implications were discussed based on the results.

갑상선 유두미세암에서 중심 림프절 전이를 예측할 수 있는 인자에 관한 분석

안소은,김준호,이강율,임영아,이연옥,김해성,김이수,So-Eun Ahn,Jun Ho Kim,Kang Yool Lee,Young-Ah Lim,Younok Lee,Hae Sung Kim and Lee Su Kim 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2012 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.12 No.4

Purpose: Despite the excellent overall prognosis for patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), the rate of central lymph node (CLN) metastasis has been reported to be as great as 60% and the optimal surgical extent of PTMC has been controversial. The aim of this study is to identify factors for predict CLN metastasis in patients with PTMC. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 535 patients with PTMC who underwent total thyroidectomy with prophylactic CLN dissection between Jan. 2008 and Aug. 2011. We analyzed the association of CLN metastasis and clinicopathologic characteristics. Results: CLN metastasis was found in 181 patients (33.8%). Results of univariate analysis showed an association of younger than 45 years of age, male gender, a tumor size greater than 5 mm, bilaterality, multiplicity, extrathyroidal extension, and positivity of resection margin with CLN metastasis. Of these, results of multivariate analysis showed that age (P=0.003), gender (P=0.004), tumor size (P<0.001), extrathyroidal extension (P=0.001), and status of resection margin (P=0.002) were independent predictive factors for CLN metastasis. Conclusion: A large tumor size (>5 mm), male gender, young age (<45 yr), extrathyroidal extension, and positive resection margin were determined as the predictive factors for CLN metastasis, which occurred in approximately one third of patients with PTMC. Therefore, prophylactic CLN dissectionshould be considered in patients with PTMC who have these factors through investigation before surgery

내측 사선 광근에 대한 EMG Biofeedback 훈련과 테이핑 적용이 슬개골 부정렬 환자의 기능향상에 미치는 효과

김동연 ( Dong-youn Kim ),김수현 ( Su-hyon Kim ),임영은 ( Young-eun Lim ),이동걸 ( Dong-geol Lee ),김태열 ( Tae-youl Kim ) 대한물리치료학회 2008 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Purpose: We investigated the effect of isometric resistance exercise on the vastus medialis oblique muscle with inelastic tape and EMG biofeedback training applied to the patello-femoral joints of patients with patella malalignment. Methods: The 39 elderly subjects that had patella malalignment but no neuromuscular disorders were divided into a control group, taping group, and EMG biofeedback training group. Evaluations of function improvement performed before and after the treatment, as well as 4 weeks after treatment. Results: Change in pain in the knee joint were significantly different among groups (p<0.05). Maximum voluntary isometric contractility in the quadriceps muscle was significantly in the EMG biofeedback group (p<0.001). The WOMAC (Western Ontairo & McMaster Questionnaire) index showed a significant change (p<0.05) in pain, function, and total score. Taping and EMG biofeedback training showed a lasting effect until measurement 4 weeks after treatment. SF-36 (Medical outcome short form-36), which assesses the quality of life, did not significantly change. Conclusion: In osteoarthritis patients with a loss of patello-femoral joint function, isometric resistance exercise of the vastus medialis oblique muscle with taping seems effective.

RAW 264.7 세포에 대한 중국산 천연 광물성 섬유 TAFMAG의 독성효과

임영,한진구,김지홍,김현욱,김은경,김경아,장황신 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate cytotoxicity of TAFMAG, which is a trade name of natural mineral fiber mined and produced in China. Methods : The cytotoxicity of TAFMAG was evaluated by measuring iron content, lipid peroxidation, erythrocyte hemolysis, and cytotoxicity in vitro. These results were compared with the data of chrystotile and wollastonite as a positive and negative control, respectively. Results : There was significant increase of Fenton activity in TAFMAG and chrysotile with dose-response pattern. The iron chelating agent, desferrioxamine, significantly decreased Fenton activity of the particulates except wollastonite. TAFMAG and chrysotile fibers significantly increased malondialdehyde concentration from lipid peroxidation of the red blood cell membrane. In erythrocyte hemolysis test, TAFMAG & chrysotile had stronger effect on erythrocyte hemolysis than wollastonite with the concentration of 1,000g/ml. Furthermore, TAFMAG was more hemolytic than chrysotile with the concentration of 5,000g/ml. There was a significant cytotoxic effect in TAFMAG and chrysotile on RAW cell compared with wollastonite. Conclusions : In vitro study suggested that TAFMAG may have a similar health hazard as usual asbestos.

결정형 규산분진에 의한 A549 세포의 독성 및 섬유모세포 증식에 Desferrioxamine이 미치는 영향

김경아,김은경,김지홍,임영 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.2

The inhalation of crystalline silica results in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among these ROS, hydroxyl radical (˙OH) is believed to be the most reactive one. ˙OH is generated in reaction between superoxide and hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by transition metal, especially iron. Therefore iron should be important in the bioactivity of crystalline silica. Desferrioxamine, a iron chelator, may be protective in silica-induced pulmonary reaction. To test this assumption we investigated the protective effect of desferrioxamine on lipid peroxidation of cell membrane, cytotoxicity, production of proinflammatory and chemotactic cytokine and fibroblast proliferation by crystalline silica in vitro model. The results were as follows; 1. Fenton activity of silica and asbestos was significantly higher than that of control. Fenton activity in crocidolite was higher than silica at the same dose. This result correlated with iron content of dust. Fenton activity of silica and crocidolite was decreased by preincubation of silica with desferrioxamine. 2. Silica induced a dose-dependent increase of MDA concentration in lung epithelial cell lysate dose dependently. Marked decrease of MDA was observed in desferrioxamine treated silica group compared with untreated group. 3. As concentration of stimulated silica, silica-induced cytotoxicity was increased. There was significant decrease of cytotoxicity in desferrioxamine-treated silica group compared with untreated group. 4. α-quartz augmented the production of TNF-α and IL-8 from A-549 cell. While desferrioxa-mine suppressed the release of cytokines. 5. Supernatant of silica-cocultured A549 cell induced a significant proliferation of fibroblast, which desferrioxaime blocked this proliferation. From these result, we concluded that desferrioxamine has a protective effect on silica induced pulmonary reaction.