Effects of Flexible Pole Training Combined with Lumbar Stabilization on Trunk Muscles Activation in Healthy Adults

임재헌 대한물리치료학회 2018 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Objective: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of flexible pole training combined with lumbar stabilization in improving trunk muscle activities and to investigate the difference according to posture in young adults. Methods: Twenty-five participants were enrolled in this study. The subjects were randomly allocated into either the flexible pole group or the rigid pole group. Participants performed lumbar stabilization exercises on quadruped and curl-up, with the flexible pole or rigid pole. Electromyography was used to assess the percent maximal voluntary isometric contracion (%MVIC) of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and erector spine (ES) muscles. All participants completed one 30-minute session per day, 3 days per week, for 6 weeks. The evaluation was performed before and 6 weeks after the training, and follow-up. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and two-way repeated measure analysis of variance to determine the statistical significance. Results: The flexible pole in curl-up showed significant differences in EO and IO muscle activities compared with the rigid pole. The flexible pole in quadruped showed significant differences in IO and ES muscle activities compared with the rigid pole. The RA, EO, IO, and ES muscle activities of both groups were significantly higher after 6 weeks training. Conclusion: The flexible pole in curl-up and quadruped showed an improvement in trunk muscle activation. The flexible pole combined with lumbar stabilization will be useful as an exercise tool to improve activity of trunk muscles.

대학생의 배가로근과 뭇갈래근 두께와 척추정렬간의 상관관계

임재헌,Lim, Jae-Heon 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2014 PNF and Movement Vol.12 No.4

Purpose: The transverse abdominis and themultifidus muscle are located in the core. They surround one's trunk and help in body stabilization. Specifically, they control spine articulation to maintain posture and balance. Therefore, weakened deep muscle in the trunk may cause spinal malalignment. This study aims to compare the correlation between the thickness of the transverse abdominis and the multifidus muscle and the spine alignment among college students in their 20s. Methods: This study measured the thickness of the transverse abdominis and the multifidus muscle of 42 healthy college students in their 20s using ultrasonic waves. The thickness of the muscle was measured for the length of the cross-section except for fascia. The thickness of the left and right muscles was measured, and the mean value was calculated. As the thickness of the transverse abdominis can increase because of pressure during exhalation, it was measured at the last moment of exhalation. Spinal alignment was measured by the kyphosis angle, lordosis angle, pelvic tilt, trunk inclination, lateral deviation, trunk imbalance, and surface rotation using Formetric III, which is a three-dimensional imaging equipment. They were measured for three times, and the mean values were calculated. The general characteristics of the subjects were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The correlations between each factor were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: The transverse abdominis showed asignificant correlation with trunk inclination (p<.05). The multifidus muscle showed a significant positive correlation with pelvic tilt and a negative correlation with surface rotation (p<.05). Conclusion: The thickness of transverse abdominis and the multifidus muscle appears to influence spinal alignment. Specifically, the multifidus muscle, which plays an important role on the sagittal plane, influences surface rotation, thus making it an important muscle for scoliosis patients. Therefore, a strengthening training program for the transverse abdominis and the multifidus muscle is necessary according to specific purposes among adults with spinal malalignment.

고유수용성신경근촉진법 이완기법이 뒤넙다리근 유연성과 점프수행력에 미치는 영향

임재헌,이민국,박종혁,정태호,조은비,Lim, Jae-Heon,Lee, Min-Kook,Park, Jong-Hyuk,Jung, Tae-Ho,Jo, Eun-Bi 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2015 PNF and Movement Vol.13 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) relaxation technique (hold relax; HR, contract relax; CR) and static stretch (SS) on hamstring flexibility and vertical jump performance in healthy adults over a four-week period. Methods: Twenty-four healthy adults volunteered to participate in PNF and static stretch sessions. The subjects were divided into three groups as follows: 8 subjects in the SS group, 8 subjects in the HR group, and 8 subjects in the CR group. In the HR and CR groups, contractions lasted 15 seconds per trial and consisted of 5 sets of 15 seconds of hamstring contraction immediately followed by 15 seconds of passive static hamstring stretching. For the static group, the participants were asked to stretch by hanging a leg over a table for 30 seconds. Subjects in all groups performed the exercises three days per week for 4 weeks. The active straight leg raising (ASLR) test, active knee extension (AKE) test, and vertical jump test were performed before the intervention and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Results: The SS, HR, and CR techniques effected positive improvement in hamstring flexibility and vertical jump performances but neither of the stretching methods had any statistically significant different effects according to group, although there were interactions (between group and time) in the ALSR group from 1 week to 2 week and in the AKE test from pretest to 1 week. Conclusion: Based on the results of the current study, SS, HR, and CR were shown to affect hamstring flexibility and vertical jump performance in healthy adults. In particular, it was determined that within a short period, hamstring flexibility could be attributed more to CR than to SS.

20대 남여 대학생에게 클라이밍에서의 협응이동훈련이 몸통근 두께에 미치는 영향

임재헌,장현진,조운수,박세주 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2018 PNF and Movement Vol.16 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of climbing training combined with coordinative locomotor training on muscle thickness in normal adults and to provide basic data regarding its applicability to clinical practice. Methods: Coordinative locomotor and climbing training was conducted three times per week for six weeks. Each exercise session consisted of ten minutes of warm-up and 40 minutes of the main exercise. A post-test was conducted six weeks after the training began, and a follow-up test was done two weeks after the training ended. Results: There were significant differences in the participants’ external and internal oblique abdominis muscles over time (p <0.05). There were also significant interactions in the external and internal oblique abdominis muscles over time and according to group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate that coordinative locomotor training with climbing had positive effects in normal adults, including increased thickness of the external and internal oblique abdominis muscles. The findings hold value for patient rehabilitation and clinical applications and interventions using coordinative locomotor training in combination with climbing.

도심주거 공급 활성화를 위한 주차장 기준에 관한 연구

임재헌,김도년 대한건축학회 2025 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.41 No.3

서울도심 상업지역을 대상으로 하는 이 연구는 도심에 주거시설이 부족하다는데 전제를 두고 주거개발의 상황을 가정하여 도시계획 제도와 주차장 기준 등의 분석을 바탕으로 연구의 가설모델을 설정한다. 그리고 대상지를 설정하여 개발 시뮬레이션의 일부인 지상 1층의 공간 활용성을 분석해보고 주차장 완화를 가능하게 할 수 있는 주차장 공유의 가능성을 검토해본다. 이를 통해 도심의 주거개발과 주차장 기준 및 연계 이동수단과 보행의 환경이 가지는 관계에 대해 알아보기로 한다. In central Seoul, the daytime business index is the highest in the nation, yet residential population density remains only half the citywideaverage. This situation highlights a trend of urban hollowing and deteriorating living conditions, largely due to outdated housing and unmethousing needs. Focusing on commercial districts in central Seoul, this study operates under the assumption that these areas lack sufficientresidential facilities. A hypothetical model is developed through an analysis of urban planning elements, with particular attention to parkingregulations. In selecting potential sites, the study examines urban streetscapes, identifies specific target locations, and evaluates ground-floorspace utilization within development simulations. It further explores the possibility of shared parking to ease existing parking requirements. Additionally, the study investigates factors that influence the adoption of public bicycles as a component of integrated mobility, alongsidepedestrian infrastructure. By simulating this hypothetical model, the research considers the premise that mandated parking lot installations maysignificantly constrain residential development in city centers. This approach makes it possible to examine practical housing supply strategiesaimed at revitalizing urban residential environments and encouraging pedestrian-oriented lifestyles. Throughout this process, the study analyzeshow urban residential growth, parking standards, and walkable cityscapes intersect in the central districts of Seoul.

협응이동훈련을 위한 PNF 패턴의 결합

임재헌,이문규,김태윤,고효은,Lim, Jae-Heon,Lee, Moon-Kyu,Kim, Tae-Yoon,Ko, Hyo-Eun 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2013 PNF and Movement Vol.11 No.1

Purpose : To identify importance of coordinative locomotor training, we reviewed the coordinative locomotor training using sprinter & skater with respect to motor control theory. Methods : We reviewed literatures related with sprinter & skater and coordination.. Results : The coordinative locomotor training is useful tool to improve interlimb coordination. A problem of interlimb coordination ability is to minimize the degree of freedoms during walking and to solve with context-condition variability and how to make a interlimb coordinative structures. A way of solving method is coordinative locomotor training using sprinter & skater in PNF. The coordinative locomotor training set to fit the gait steps can be applied with gait tasks and can be extended by applying the irradiation of the PNF. Conclusion : The coordinative locomotor training using sprinter & skater in PNF is a useful way method to improve interlimb coordination during walking.

협응이동훈련이 정상 성인의 지지발에 따른 족부압력분포에 미치는 변화

임재헌,국은주,김진철 대한물리의학회 2023 대한물리의학회지 Vol.18 No.1

PURPOSE: This study examined the foot pressure distribution using the sprinter and skater patterns of coordinative locomotor training. METHODS: Thirty healthy adults, comprising 11 men and 19 women, participated in the study. All the participants performed patterns in sprinter pattern conditions 1–3 and skater pattern conditions 1–3, and were measured using a pedoscan to determine the applied foot pressure distribution. RESULTS: The participants significantly differed in the big toe during the sprinter pattern. As a result of the post hoc test, opposite and opposite sprinters showed a significant difference from the same sprinters (same sprinter; 21.33 ± 5.92, opposite sprinter; 23.54 ± 5.41, and reopposite sprinter; 24.14 ± 6.46). There was a significant difference in the lateral side during the skater pattern. As a result of the post hoc test, reopposite and same skaters showed a significant difference from opposite skaters (same skater; 49.88 ± 5.75, opposite skater; 48.78 ± 5.64, and reopposite skater; 51.15 ± 5.37). CONCLUSION: The foot pressure was distributed toward the hallux and fifth toe according to the sprinter and skater patterns of coordinative locomotor training.

한국 철강 제품의 EU 수출 성과 요인과 CBAM에 따른 수출 변화 예상에 관한 연구

임재헌,정윤세 한국무역학회 2023 무역학회지 Vol.48 No.4

EU는 2030년 온실가스 배출량을 1990년 대비 55% 감축 목표로 하는 ‘Fit for 55’ 입법 패키지에국가별로 다른 온실가스 규제로 인한 수출품의 불균형한 가격을 조정하는 조치로 탄소국경조정제도(CBAM)를 2026년부터 시행하는 내용을 포함하였고, 이는 수출 비용의 증가를 가져와 우리나라 철강 제품 수출에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 철강 제품의 EU 수출에 영향을주는 요인과 CBAM에 따른 수출 변화를 추정하기 위해 2001년부터 2021년까지 EU 27개 회원국의통계를 이용하여 중력모형으로 실증 분석을 하였다. 분석 결과로 각 EU 국가의 경제 수준, 인구 규모, 환율, 제조업 생산지수, EU 단일시장의 효과는 우리나라 철강 제품의 수출 증가에 도움을 주지만, CBAM의 실행으로 2026년에 탄소세가 CO2 1톤당 USD 10 ~ USD 30이 부과되는 것을 가정하여 중력모형으로 추정한 결과는 철강 수출이 CBAM 시행 이전에 비해 약 –3.6% ~ -5.7% 감소하는 것으로 나타나 앞으로 철강 제품의 가격 경쟁력 향상과 CO2 저감을 위한 기업과 정부의 대비가필요할 것으로 보인다. This study aims to estimate the export performance factors of Korean Steel Products to the EU and the expected changes in exports according to the CBAM(Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism). the factors influencing the export performance of Korean Steel Products to the EU were analyzed using a Gravity Model, and the expected export amount in the case of a Carbon Tax was calculated assuming that the CBAM would be implemented in 2026, As a result, it was empirically analyzed that economic growth, population growth, exchange rate and manufacturing production index of each EU country have a positive effect on exports in Korea, and it was analyzed that the effects of the single market and system due to the EU's economic community were also helpful in increasing exports but the Carbon Tax is imposed in 2026, reducing Korea's steel exports by about -3.6% to –5.7%

뇌졸중 후 편마비 환자의 Global Synkinesis 수준이 보행능력에 미치는 영향

임재헌,임영은,김수현,박경순,김태열,Lim, Jae-Heon,Lim, Young-Eun,Kim, Su-Hyon,Park, Kyeong-Soon,Kim, Tae-Youl 대한물리치료학회 2008 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Purpose: We determined the effect of global synkinesis(GS) on gait ability, muscle contraction, and central neuron action potentials in post-stroke hemiplegic subjects. Methods: Thirty hemiplegia patients were evaluated for walking ability, muscle contraction, central neuron action potential, and comparing differences between the H-GS(high-global synkinesis) group and L-GS(low-global synkinesis) group. To obtain the GS level, surface electromyography(EMG) data were digitized and processed to root mean square(RMS). Walking ability was tested with a modified motor assessment scale(MMAS), a 10 m walking test, timed up and go(TUG) test, and a Fugl-Meyer assessment(FMA). Muscle contraction ability was measured as maximal isometric contraction(MIC) peak, MIC slope, and MIC ramp up using mechanomyography(MMG). Central neuron action potential was measured as the H/Mmax ratio or V/Mmax ratio using EMG. The data were analyzed with t-tests to determine the statistical significance. Results: MMAS(p<0.01), 10 m walking velocity(p<0.01), TUG(p<0.01), FMA-HKA(Hip, Knee, Ankle)(p<0.05), FMA-coordination(p<0.05), MIC peak (p<0.05), MIC slope(p<0.01), and MIC ramp up(p<0.05) were significantly different between H-GS and L-GS, as was the V/Mmax ratio(p<0.05), but H/Mmax was not. Conclusion: Lower GS levels indicated better walking ability and motor function. Therefore, intervention programs should consider GS levels in gait training of chronic hemiplegia.

승마기구의 훈련속도가 정상성인의 안뜰기능과 정적자세 균형에 미치는 영향

임재헌,박장성,조운수,Lim, Jae-Heon,Park, Jang-Sung,Cho, Woon-Su 대한물리치료학회 2013 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.25 No.5

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to determine whether mechanical horseback-riding training depending on velocity can improve vestibular function and static postural balance on standing in healthy adults. Methods: For evaluation of vestibular function, electrooculography (EOG) of vertical and horizontal was performed for identification of the motion of eyes. For evaluation of static postural balance, COP distance, time spent on the sharpened Romberg test with neck extension (SRNE) were measured. Measurements were performed three times before training, three weeks after training, and six weeks after training. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: fast velocity-mechanical horse -riding training (FV-MHRT, n=12), moderate velocity-mechanical horse-riding training (MV-MHRT, n=12), and slow velocity-mechanical horse-riding training (SV-MHRT, n=12). Results: According to the result for vertical, horizontal EOG, there was significant interaction in each group in accordance with the experiment time (p<0.05). The FV-MHRT group showed a significant decrease compared with the MV- MHRT, SV-MHRT groups (p<0.05). According to the result for static postural balance, the time spent, COP distance in SRNE showed significant interaction in each group in accordance with the experiment time (p<0.05). The time spent on the SRNE showed a significant increas in FV-MHRT, SV-MHRT (p<0.05). The COP distance of SRNE showed a significant increase in MV-MHRT (p<0.05). Conclusion: The MHRT velocity activated mechanism of vestibular spinal reflex (VSR), vestibular ocular reflex (VOR), also helped to strengthen vestibular function and static postural balance. In addition, it should be applied to different velocity of MHRT according to the specific purpose.