폐경기 여성의 극복력 유형 분석: Q-방법 적용

이예나,강푸름,김지현 한국웰니스학회 2020 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.15 No.4

Menopause status significantly alters women’s life. Resilience is a dynamic process that implies a positive adaptation to adversity. The purpose of this study was to identify the subjective frames of resilience in menopausal women. Q-methodology was used for analyzing subjective viewpoints. Participants included thirty menopausal women. Data were collected on the subjective view of participants regarding their resilience and analyzed by PQ method 2.35 using principal component analysis and varimax rotation. This study revealed 4 factors characterizing participants’ subjective experiences related to resilience menopause: Focusing on the positive part, Pursuing active problem solving, Relying on stable support relationships, Switching focus on the new alternative. The result of the study can help to understand the resilience in menopausal women. It is expected that can be used as a basis for developing an intervention program to improve the resilience in menopausal women. 본 연구는 폐경기 여성의 극복력에 대한 주관성을 확인하고 그 유형별 특성을 확인하기 방법론을 적용한 탐색적 연구이다. 폐경기 여성 30명이 P표본으로 모집되었고 P표본은 37개의 Q표본을 Q표본 분포도 상에 강제 분포하도록 하였다. 수집된 자료는 PQ Method program으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 폐경기 여성의 극복력은 네 가지 유형으로 분류되었고, 이들 유형에 의해 설명된 전체 변량은 57%이었다. 제 1유형은 ‘생애주기 긍정 수용형’, 제 2유형은 ‘적극적 문제해결형’, 제 3유형은 ‘안정적 지지 관계 기반형’, 그리고 제 4유형은 ‘초점전환 대체형’으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과를 통하여 폐경기 여성의 극복력을 인식하는 요인이 다양하다는 것을 확인하였으며 이를 바탕으로 건강한 노년기로의 이행을 모색하기 위한 기초자료로 이용하여 중재 전략을 수립하고 적용할 것을 기대한다.

Experiences of Nurses Caring for Hemodialysis Patients: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis Study

이예나,김은영 한국성인간호학회 2022 성인간호학회지 Vol.34 No.2

Purpose: We aimed to systematically review and synthesize qualitative evidence on the experiences of nurses caring for hemodialysis patients. Methods: We used Noblit and Hare’s meta-ethnography. Seven databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, RISS, KISS, National Assembly Electronic Library) were used for the literature search. There were no restrictions placed on publication dates. A total of 10 studies published in English and Korean up until July 2021 were finally selected for review. Results: Three themes were identified from the literature review, which were then divided into six subthemes: acquiring the technical skills of hemodialysis, responsibility for prolonging patients’ lives, and maintaining stable hemodialysis in patients’ daily lives. Conclusion: The results of this study provide basic data that emphasizes the specific role of nurses in the hemodialysis unit, a specialized area of nursing, and can be utilized as educational material for hemodialysis unit nurse education.

성격장애 평가에서 MMPI-2와 MPPI-2-RF 성격병리 5요인척도의 유용성 비교

이예나,김근향,박은희,최지영 한국건강심리학회 2017 한국심리학회지 건강 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구에서는 MMPI-2와 MMPI-2-RF의 PSY-5 척도 점수를 비교한 뒤 PSY-5 성격모델에 비추어볼 때 성격장애 군집별 특징이 어떠한지 탐색하였다. 이후 두 개의 PSY-5 척도가 성격장애를 평가하는데 갖는 유용성을 비교해보았다. 성격장애로 진단받은 154명의 정신건강의학과 환자중 A, B, C 성격장애군으로 진단된 환자들(각 군집별 54, 59, 41명)의 PSY-5 점수들을 다변량분석과 사후분석으로 분석하였다. 그 결과, MMPI-2와 MMPI-2-RF 모두 PSY-5 중 내향성 척도를제외한 모든 하위 척도에서 세 군집 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 사후분석에서 B군은 C군에 비해AGGR(AGGR-r), PSYC(PSYC-r) 척도 점수가 유의하게 높았고 A군과 C군에 비해 DISC (DISC-r), NEGE(NEGE-r) 척도 점수가 유의하게 높았다. 또한 C군은 MMPI-2에서만 DISC 점수가 A군보다 유의하게 낮았다. MMPI-2-RF의 PSY-5는 MMPI-2의 PSY-5보다 적은 문항으로 유사한 수준의 성격병리적 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 시사된다. 연구의 한계점과 후속 연구를위한 제안 등이 논의되었다. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical utility of the PSY-5 scales in the MMPI-2-RF and MMPI-2. According to the DSM-IV-TR, the sample consisted of cluster A, B and C personality disorder groups (N = 154). The results, based on multivariate ANOVAs showed that there were significant differences among the groups in the scales except for INTR (INTR-r). Post hoc analyses, Scheffe's and Dunnett's tests, revealed that cluster B scored higher than cluster C in AGGR (AGGR-r) and PSYC (PSYC-r). The scores of DISC (DISC-r) and NEGE (NEGE-r) in cluster B were higher than those of other groups. The results of the two PSY-5 scales were generally similar, but cluster C scored lower than cluster A in DISC of MMPI-2. The results suggest that the PSY-5 scale in the MMPI-2-RF can measure clinical range personality as much as the PSY-5 in the MMPI-2 with fewer questions. Implications and limitations of these findings are also discussed.

만 4, 5세 유아의 정서조망수용능력과 또래 상호작용의 경향 및 관계

이예나 이화여자대학교 이화어린이연구원 2017 영유아교육: 이론과 실천 Vol.2 No.2

This study attempted to determine the affective perspective-taking ability and peer interaction tendency of preschoolers aged 4 and 5, examine the difference in them by age and gender, and verify the relationship between affective perspective-taking ability and peer interaction. The subjects of the study included 30 children aged 4 and 30 children aged 5 attending a Child Care Center located in Seoul. As for research methods, this study used ‘Affect Knowledge Test’ originally developed by Denham and Couchoud(1990) to measure the children’s affective perspective- taking ability. Also, the children’s peer interaction was observed and measured using a set of modified observation categories, based on the observation category originally developed by Holloway and Reichhart-Erickson(1988). The study results were as follows: First, statistically significant difference was not found in the preschoolers’ affective perspective-taking ability according to age and gender of the children. Second, examining peer interactions by age, it was found that smiling-laughing-making physical contacts were more common among the 5-year-olds than the 4-year-old preschoolers. Next, when examined by gender, all negative interactions as well as physical aggression and interruptions were more common among male children than females, while giving and receiving help among positive interactions were more common among female children than males. Third, affective perspective-taking ability and peer interaction did not show statistically significant correlation. 본 연구의 목적은 유아의 정서조망수용능력과 또래 상호작용의 경향 및 연령, 성별에 따른 차이를 알아보고 그 관계를 규명하는 것이다. 연구 대상은 서울 지역의 어린이집에 다니는 만 4세 유아 30명, 만 5세 유아 30명이었다. 연구도구는 정서조망수용능력은 Denham과 Couchoud(1990)의 ‘감정판별능력 검사도구’를 성인순(2014)이 수정· 보완한 것을 사용하고, 또래 상호작용은 Holloway와 Reichhart-Erickson(1988)의 관찰 범주를 조혜진(2004)과 정미조(2009)가 사용한 것을 수정한 후 사용하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 유아의 정서조망수용능력이 높게 나타났다. 그러나 유아의 연령과 성별에 따른 정서조망수용능력은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 또래 상호작용은 긍정적 상호작용, 승인·의존적 상호작용, 부정적 상호작용 순서로 많이 하였다. 연령에 따른 긍정적 상호작용에서는 미소·웃음·신체접촉하기를 만 5세 유아가 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 성별에 따른 부정적 상호작용 전체와 신체적 공격, 방해하기는 남아가 많이 하고, 긍정적 상호작용의 도움 주고받기는 여아가 많이 하는 것으로나타났다. 셋째, 정서조망수용능력과 또래 상호작용의 관계는 통계적으로 유의한 상관은 없었으나 실제적인 차이라고 보기보다는 유아의 대상 수가 적기 때문으로 볼 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 정서조망수용능력과 또래 상호작용의 중요성을 시사하고, 만 4, 5 세 유아의 특성을 이해하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

A PVA Film-based Fluorescent Sensor for HCl and NH₃ Gas Dection

이예나,조은비,이택승 한국고분자학회 2018 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.43 No.2

전형적 호모시스틴뇨증 환자들의 임상적 특성과 유전자분석

이예나,이정호,이동환,Lee, Yena,Lee, Jeongho,Lee, Dong Hwan 대한유전성대사질환학회 2015 대한유전성대사질환학회지 Vol.15 No.2

목적: 호모시스틴뇨증은 cystathionine ${\beta}$-synthase의 결핍으로 유발되는 질환이다. 본원에서 치료받고 있는 총 6명 환자들의 임상양상과 유전자 분석을 시행하였다. 방법: 1992년 1월부터 2015년 3월까지 본원에서 전형적 호모시스틴뇨증으로 진단되어 치료 중인 총 6명의 환자들을 대상으로 후향적으로 임상적, 생화학적, 유전자적 분석을 하였다. 결과: 총 6명의 환자가 본 연구에 포함되었으며 이 중 3명은 영아기에 발견되었고, 나머지 3명은 7세 이후에 진단되었다. 영아기에 진단되어 치료를 받은 환자들은 정상 인지기능을 보였고, 7세 이후에 진단된 환자들은 다양한 정도의 지적 장애가 있었다. 골감소증이 6명 중 2명의 환자에서 발견되었다. 혈전 색전증이나 경련, 수정체 탈구 같은 주요한 합병증은 7세 이후에 진단된 군에만 있었다. 유전자 검사에서 모두 cystathionine ${\beta}$-synthase 유전자의 돌연변이를 확인하였다. 본 연구에 포함된 6명은 현재 메티오닌 제한 식이를 하면서 엽산과 베타인, 비타민 B6, 메틸코발라민을 복용 중이다. 결론: 6명의 전형적 호모시스틴뇨증 환자들을 길게는 23년 동안 추적 관찰하였다. 신생아 대사 이상 검사에서 발견된 환자들은 합병증 없이 성장하고 있으나, 7세 이후에 진단된 환자들은 100% 수정체 탈구가 있었고 각종 합병증이 동반되었다. 따라서 전형적 호모시스틴뇨증의 예후에는 무엇보다 조기 진단이 중요하며 이는 현재 국내에서 시행되는 신생아 대사 이상 검사의 중요성을 설명하는 것이라 하겠다. Purpose: Homocystinuria (OMIM#236200) is a metabolic disease caused by mutation in the CBS gene. This study was conducted to identify the clinical features and prognosis of homocystinuria as well as to find out the CBS gene mutations of the six homocystinuria patients who were receiving treatment in the Pediatric Department at Soonchunhyang University Hospital. Methods: From January 1992 to March 2015, clinical, biochemical, and genetic analyses were performed retrospectively on the six patients diagnosed with classic homocystinuria at Soonchunhyang University Hospital. Results: A total of six patients were included in this study, including three who were diagnosed with homocystinuria at the mean age of $50{\pm}22.5$ days based on their abnormal newborn screening test results. The other three were diagnosed at the mean age of 7, when they visited the hospital for evaluation of developmental delay and lens dislocation. The group diagnosed at early infancy had normal cognitive function, but the other group had varying degrees of mental retardation. Major complications were found only in the group diagnosed after infancy. CBS gene mutation was found in all the patients, and they were all non-responsive to vitamin B6 treatment. At present, all patients' diets are controlled following a methionine-free formula and they are on medication with folic acid, betaine, pyridoxine, and methylcobalamin. Conclusion: Six homocystinuria patients were monitored for up to 23 years. The group diagnosed at early infancy exhibited no major complications. Therefore, early diagnosis is crucial in the prognosis, and homocystinuria must be included in the newborn screening program.

Carbon-Fiber Based Microelectrode Array Embedded with a Biodegradable Silk Support for In Vivo Neural Recording

이예나,공찬호,장진우,전상범 대한의학회 2019 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.34 No.4

Background: Recently, carbon fibers have been utilized to develop a depth-type microelectrode array for chronic neural recording. Since the diameter of carbon fibers is smaller than the conventional electrodes made of metal wires or microfabricated silicon, the carbon fiber electrodes showed an improved capability for chronic neural recording with less tissue damages. However, the carbon fiber based microelectrodes have a limitation of short insertion depth due to a low stiffness. Methods: We proposed a carbon fiber based microelectrode array embedded with a mechanical support structure to facilitate the penetration into the deeper brain. The support is made of biodegradable silk fibroin to reduce the reactive tissue responses. The 4-channel carbon fiber based microelectrode arrays were fabricated and accessed in terms of electrochemical impedance, recording capability for 1-month implantation in rat hippocampi. The electrodes with tungsten supports were fabricated and tested as a control group. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to identify the reactive glial responses Results: The carbon fiber based electrode arrays with silk supports showed about 2-fold impedance increase 2 weeks after implantation while the number of active electrodes decreased simultaneously. However, after 1 month, the electrode impedance decreased back to its initial value and the percentage of active electrodes also increased above 70%. Immunohistochemical staining clearly showed that the electrodes with silk supports induced less reactive glial responses than that with tungsten supports. Conclusion: The proposed carbon fiber based microelectrode array is expected to be used for long-term in vivo neural recording from deep brain regions with the minimized reactive tissue response.

Association of Sedentary Time and Physical Activity with the 10-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014–2017

이예나,손정식,엄윤희,Oklim Kang 대한가정의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.41 No.6

Background: Sedentary behavior is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We investigated this association of sedentary time and physical activity with increased 10-year CVD risk in Korean adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014–2017). In total, 14,551 participants aged 30–74 years (6,323 men, 8,228 women) were analyzed. The usual length of sedentary time per day was categorized into three groups (<6, 6–<9, or ≥9 h/d), and physical activity (metabolic equivalents [METs]∙min/wk) was categorized into two groups (low, <600 METs∙min/wk; moderate/high, ≥600 METs∙min/wk). Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between sedentary time and increased CVD risk (predicted 10-year risk ≥10%). Adjusted variables were age, sex, body mass index, marital status, employment, household income, alcohol use, family history of CVD, and comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia). Results: The average sedentary time for the 14,551 participants was 7.49 h/d, with an average 10-year CVD risk of 9.58%. There was no significant association between sedentary time and increased 10-year CVD risk in the moderate/ high physical activity group. In the low physical activity group, sedentary time ≥9 h/d had a significant association with increased CVD risk (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.62). However, when the sedentary time was <6 h/d, no significant associations were found (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.92–1.49). Conclusion: In the low physical activity group, reduction of sedentary time might be important for preventing increased CVD risk.

라오스 비엔티안 지역 청소년의 식품 불안정 상태에 따른 식행동 및 가공 음료 섭취비교 연구

이예나,김지명,이경옥,Visanou Hansana,김유리 한국영양학회 2018 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.51 No.6

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the food insecurity status and dietary behavior and examine the association between the food insecurity status and consumption of processed beverage for secondary school students in Vientiane, capital city of Lao PDR. Methods: The study subjects are 714 students (boys = 307 and girls = 407) in four secondary schools (Chao_Anouvong, Phiavat, Saysetha, and Chansavang) of Vientiane, Lao PDR. Data on study subject’s demographic characteristics, dietary behavior, food insecurity, and Mini Dietary Assessment (MDA) index were collected. A “Self-Administered Food Security Survey Module for Children Aged 12 Years and Older” developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) was used for the food insecurity assessment. Results: As a result, 72.7% of the subjects were in a state of food insecurity, and food security was associated with higher socioeconomic status (higher life satisfaction, higher parent’s education attainment, higher item ownership, fewer number of siblings, and having more lunches at the school restaurant than at home). Compared to the food insecurity group, the frequency of breakfast, self-rated diet, and the total score of MDA index were higher in the food security group. On the other hand, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that ‘food security’ was also associated with a higher consumption of processed beverages (OR 1.544; 95% CI 1.078-2.213; p = 0.018). Conclusion: Improving the quality of the diet is essential for adolescents in both the food insecurity and food security groups in Lao PDR. Therefore, it is necessary to provide well organized nutrition education and establish adequate nutrition policy for adolescents in Lao PDR. 본 연구는 라오스 비엔티안 지역 일부 청소년을 대상으로 식품 불안정 상태를 파악하고, 이에 따른 식행동 및 가공 음료 섭취를 비교하고자 진행되었다. 미국 농무부에서개발한 식품 안정 조사 모듈을 통해 조사한 결과, 전체714명의 대상자 중 519명, 즉 72.7%가 식품 불안정 상태로 나타났다. 식품 안정군 (Food Security, FS)이 식품 불안정군 (Food Insecurity, FI)에 비해 ‘삶에 대한 만족도’, ‘부모의 교육 수준’, ‘가정 내 소유하고 있는 물품의 수’가더 높았고 ‘형제자매 수’는 더 적었던 것을 통해 식품 불안정이 낮은 사회 경제적 상태 (socioeconomic status, SES)와 유의한 관계가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. FI군보다FS군의 가공 음료 섭취 및 점심 식사를 밖에서 사 먹는 비율이 유의적으로 더 높게 나타난 것 역시 FI군의 낮은SES가 반영된 결과라고 생각할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 가장 주목할 만한 결과는 FS군이 FI군에 비해 ‘아침 식사 섭취 빈도’ 및 ‘스스로 평가한 식사의 질’, ‘간이 식생활 진단’을 통해 평가한 결과의 총점이 더 높게 나타났으나, ‘식품 안정’에서 높은 수준의 가공 음료 섭취 가능성 또한1.544배 증가하였다는 것이다. 이는 낮은 식사의 질이 단지 식품 불안정에 따른 문제가 아님을 의미하므로, 라오스청소년을 대상으로 한 체계적인 영양 교육 및 정책 마련은추후 빠르게 진행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Strategies for Minimizing Glial Response to Chronically-implanted Microelectrode Arrays for Neural Interface

이예나,전상범 대한의용생체공학회 2014 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.4 No.2

For several decades, the intracortical penetrating microelectrodearrays have been widely employed for the purpose of neuralrecording and stimulation in nervous system. However, thelong-term application is limited due to the tissue reaction tothe implanted electrode array. The tissue response includesthe degeneration of nerve cells as well as the formation ofdense glial sheath adjacent the implanted electrode calledgliosis. The glial encapsulation deteriorates the capacity ofelectrodes to communicate with neurons by electricallyisolating the devices from the neighboring brain regions. Toexamine and overcome these critical obstacles of microelectrodearray for chronic applications, a number of studies have beenperformed to date including the reduction of electrode geometry,the use of flexible materials for electrode substrates, thepharmacological suppression of the cellular reaction, and theoptimized surgical techniques. In this review, the studies toclarify the mechanism of the glial response in central nervesystem (CNS) will be described and a variety of strategiesfor minimizing the glial responses in CNS will be examined.