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라미부딘 치료 중인 만성 B형 간염 바이러스 감염 환자에서 B형 간염 바이러스 역전사효소의 변이 양상
이상용 ( Sang Yong Lee ),허정 ( Jeong Heo ),최철웅 ( Cheul Woong Choi ),이주호 ( Joo Ho Lee ),김광하 ( Gwang Ha Kim ),강대환 ( Dae Hwan Kang ),송근암 ( Geun Am Song ),조몽 ( Mong Cho ),양웅석 ( Ung Suk Yang ),장현정 ( Hyun Jung 대한소화기학회 2003 대한소화기학회지 Vol.41 No.6
Background/Aims: Lamivudine resistant hepatitis B viruses (HBV) by mutations of YMDD motif in the HBV reverse transcirptase are very common in the patients with long-term lamivudine therapy. We investigated the pattern of mutations in and outside of YMDD motif of HBV reverse transcriptase gene during lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Methods: The study included 80 patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. To determine mutations in the HBV reverse transcriptase, the nucleotide 581-870 of the HBV reverse transcriptase was amplified and analyzed by direct sequencing method. Results: Amino acid changes were detected in 45 (56%) out of 80 patients. YMDD mutants were detected in 62% (28/45) and amino acid changes were detected outside of YMDD motif in 38% (17/45). M552I (82%, 23/28) was more common than M552V (18%, 5/28) in YMDD mutants. L528M was noted in 27% (12/45). F569Y (13%, 6/45), S571A (13%, 6/45), I572V (18%, 8/45) were common amino acid changes. Conclusions: Mutations were frequently detected outside of YMDD motif as well as YMDD motif of HBV reverse transcriptase gene in patients with lamivudine therapy. Most of the mutations in outside of YMDD motif were combined with YMDD mutants. No consistent mutation was found outside of YMDD motif in lamivudine resistant patients. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2003;41:480-485)
낸드 플래시 저장장치의 성능 향상을 위한 차분값 압축 방식
이상용(Sangyong Lee),정상혁(Sanghyuk Jung),송용호(Yong Ho Song) 대한전자공학회 2011 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.12
There have been researches to reduce long write latency of the NAND flash memory, and one of them is to adopt the data compression scheme. However, the fact that the size of compressed data can be larger than that of original data must be considered when storing the compressed data. If NAND Flash based storage system stores the compressed data without such consideration, the overall performance will be decreased. In order to solve such problem, in this paper, we propose a new technique using the differential data and differential ratio obtained by comparing overwrite data and original data. Our experiment results show that proposed scheme can efficiently reduce the size of data to be stored.
TTT 타점법을 이용한 웹서버 파일 분포의 후미성 분석
정성무,이상용,장중순,송재신,유해영,최경희,Jung, Sung-Moo,Lee, Sang-Yong,Jang, Joong-Soon,Song, Jae-Shin,Yoo, Hae-Young,Choi, Kyung-Hee 한국정보처리학회 2003 정보처리학회논문지 A Vol.10 No.3
본 논문에서는 TTT 타점법을 이용하여 웹 서버가 서비스하는 파일의 크기에 대한 통계적 분포는 꼬리부분이 두꺼운 분포라는 것을 판단하는 방법을 제시한다. TTT 타점법은 신뢰성 공학에서 사용되는 방법으로써 TTT 통계량 타점결과의 직선성으로 지수분포 여부를 판단하는 방법이다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 방법을 모의실험과 실제 운영중인 웹서버의 자료를 사용하여 실험한 결과, 기존의 방법인 Hill 추정법과 LLCD 타점법에 비하여 후미성을 정확하게 판단하고 있으며, 판단의 효율성 면에서도 그들보다 우수하다는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 제안하는 방법은 기존의 방법이 웹서버의 파일 분포판정이나 통계학에서의 파레토 분포 판정시 나타날 수 있는 판정의 오류 가능성을 개선할 수 있다는 점도 확인하였다. In this paper, we propose a method of analysis to show the heavy-tailed statistical distribution of file sizes in web servers, using TTT plot technique. TTT plot technique, a well-known method in the area of reliability engineering, determines that a distribution of samples fellows a heavy tailed one when their TTT statistical plots are lied on a straight line. We performed an intensive simulation using data gathered from real web servers. The simulation indicates that the proposed method is superior to Hill estimation technique or LLCD plot method in efficiency of data analysis. Moreover, the proposed method eliminates the possible decision error, which Pareto distribution or traditional method might cause.
액체 점도에 따른 Y-jet 노즐 내부 유동 및 분무 특성의 변화
송시홍,이상용,Song, Si-Hong,Lee, Sang-Yong 대한기계학회 1996 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.20 No.12
Internal flow characteristics within Y-jet atomizers and the local drop size distribution and cross-sectional averaged drop size at the outside were investigated with the liquid and air injection pressures, mixing port length of atomizers, and the liquid properties taken as parameters. To examine the effect of the liquid viscosity, glycerin-water mixtures were used in this study. The liquid viscosity plays only a minor role in determining the internal flow pattern and the spatial distribution shape of drops, but the drop sizes themselves generally increase with increasing of the liquid viscosity. An empirical correlation for the liquid discharge coefficient at the liquid port was deduced from the experimental results; the liquid discharge coefficient strongly depends on the liquid flow area at the mixing point which is proportional to the local volumetric quality(.betha.$_{Y}$), and the volumetric quality was included in the correlation. Regardless of the value of the liquid viscosity, the compressible flow through the gas port was well represented by the polytropic expansion process(k=1.2), and the mixing point pressure could be simply correlated to the aspect ratio( $l_{m}$/ $d_{m}$) of the mixing port and the air/liquid mass flow rate ratio( $W_{g}$/ $W_{f}$) as reported in the previous study.udy.udy.y.
인왕기,이상용,송시홍,In, Wang-Kee,Lee, Sang-Yong,Song, Si-Hong 대한기계학회 1993 대한기계학회논문집 Vol.17 No.7
A simplified one-dimensional analysis has been performed to predict the local pressure distributions in Y-Jet twin-fluid atomizers. Fluid compressibility was considered both in the gas(air) and two-phase(mixing) ports. The annular-mist flow model was adopted to analyze the flow in the mixing port. A series of experiments also has been performed; the results show that the air flow rate increases and the liquid flow rate decreases with the increase of the air injection pressure and/or with the decrease of the liquid injection pressure. From the measured injection pressures and flow rates, the appropriate constants for the correlations of the pressure loss coefficients and the rate of drop entrainment were decided. The local pressures inside the nozzle by prediction reasonably agree with those by the experiments.
긴급 내시경검사에 의한 상부 위장관 출혈의 임상적 고찰
송관석(Gwan Seok Song),안혜진(Hea Jin An),김걸(Geol Kim),최일균(Il Kun Choi),최조영(Jo Young Choi),곽정재(Jeong Jae Gwak),이상용(Sang Yong Lee) 대한내과학회 1988 대한내과학회지 Vol.35 No.2
N/A Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding has been a common clinical problem for several decades with a relatively high mortality rate. According to the literature the cause and nature of such bleeding is controversial despite the improved diagnostic procedure and treatment method available today. Emergency endoscopy was performed in patients with upper gastrointestioal tract bleeding for a 6year period, from Jan. 1982 to Dec. 1987, at Incheon Christian Hospital. The following results were obtained: 1) The ratio of male to female patients was 3.4:1 2) The age distribution revealed that the peak incidence of bleeding occured in the 5th decade of life. 3) The causative diseases were in the order of frequency of gastric ulcer (28.6%), duodenal ulcer(24.4%), eso. varices (16.8%),erosive gastritis (13.8%) and gastric ca. (8.2%). 4) The mode of bleeding was hematemesis in 27% of the cases, melena in 29%, and mixed type in 44/o. 5) According to Palumbo classification, the severity of bleeding was mimmal in 35.7% of the cases, moderate in 43.9% and massive in 30.4%. 6) Blood transfusions were done in 145 cases (74% of all cases). Of these, 1-5 pints were given in 43% of the cases, 6-10 pints pints in 18%, and more than 26 pints in 0.5%. Blood transfusions were not given in 26% of all cases. 7) Of the 196 ca the time of endoscopic examination after the episode of bleeding was within 6hr in 33 cases(16.8%), within 6-12hr in 46 cases (23.5%), within 12-24hr in 53 cases(27%) and within 24-36hr in 28 cases(14.3%). In total, 67,3% of the cases were examined within 24hr and 95.4% within 48hr. 8) The state of the lesions upon endoscopic examination was active bleeding in (39 cases) 19.9%, recent bleeding in 90 cases(46%), lesion only in 63 cases(32.1%), and no lesions were found in 4 cases(2%). 9) The treatment consisted of medical and surgical methods; medical in 86.2% of the cases and surgical in 13.8%. 10) The overall mortality was 9.7%.