광전기화학적 수소 발생 전지의 연구 개발 현황

안광순,Ahn, Kwang-Soon 한국진공학회 2009 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.18 No.5

본 고에서는 광전기화학적 수소 ($H_2$) 발생 전지의 연구 개발 현황을 소개한다. 이를 통해 water-splitting 전지의 기본 원리를 이해하고 기술적 문제점 및 국내외 연구 현황, 향후 개발 동향 등을 살펴본다. This article introduces the research status for the photoelectrochemical $H_2$ production. Fundamentals to the photoelectrochemical water-splitting cells are given and technical issues, research status, and development trend are also reviewed.

대도시 개발사업의 주류, 도시정비사업

안광순 ( Ahn Kwang-soon ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2015 일감부동산법학 Vol.10 No.-

기존 도시를 재정비하는 도시정비사업은 토지·건물소유자들이 조합이라는 단체를 구성하여 사업을 진행하면서도 행정청의 절차적 내용적 통제를 받는 방식으로 사업이 진행된다. 이는 도시정비사업이 토지 확보의 어려움, 토지 확보에 소요되는 막대한 비용, 기존 거주자들의 이주문제를 내포하고 있는 동시에 기반시설의 확충을 수반해야 하는 공익적 성격을 가지고 있기 때문이다. 이러한 도시정비사업은 “도시 및 주거환경정비법”에 의해 규율되며, 사업유형에는 주택재개발사업, 주택재건축사업, 도시환경정비사업, 주거환경개선사업, 주거환경관리사업, 가로주택정비사업이 있다. 도시정비사업의 절차를 개괄적으로 살펴보면, 도시정비사업은 ① 기본계획 및 정비계획의 수립, ② 사업시행자의 설립, ③ 사업시행계획 수립 및 사업시행인가, ④ 관리처분계획의 수립 및 관리처분인가, ⑤ 착공·준공 및 이전고시의 절차를 통하여 진행된다. ① 기본계획은 정비계획의 지침이 되는 상위 계획인바, 기본계획에는 정비사업의 기본방향, 정비예정구역, 단계별 추진계획 등이 포함된다. ② 정비계획의 수립은 정비구역의 지정과 동시에 이루어지는 절차로 정비사업의 대상지역을 결정하고 대상지역에 대한 정비계획을 결정하는 절차이다. ③ 정비계획이 수립되면 토지·건물의 소유자가 구성원이 된 조합설립추진위원회 단계를 거쳐 사업시행자인 조합이 설립되게 되는데 조합 설립에는 도시 및 주거환경 정비법상 일정한 동의율을 갖추어 관할관청의 인가를 받을 것이 요구된다. ④ 조합이 설립되면 정비계획의 범위 내에서 구체적인 사업시행계획을 수립하여 사업을 진행하게 되는바, 사업에 필요한 비용은 민간 건설사를 시공사로 선정함으로써 조달받게 된다. ④ 사업시행계획이 조합이 수행할 구체적인 사업계획을 수립하는 것이라면, 관리처분계획은 정비사업의 시행으로 조성된 대지 및 건축물을 처분 또는 관리하는 계획을 말한다. ⑤ 분양신청과 관리처분계획이 수립되면 토지등소유자들은 모두 이주하게 되고, 착공 후 공사가 완공되면 준공검사를 거쳐 준공인가를 받아 수분양자들은 신축 건물에 입주하게 된다. 이와 같이 기반시설을 확충하는 등 도시기능을 회복·활성화하고 주거환경을 개선하여 토지등소유자가 재정착할 수 있도록 하는 도시정비사업은 국내 주요 도시의 주택공급과 부동산 개발사업의 주류를 이루고 있는바, 법률전문가들의 깊이 있는 연구와 참여가 필요할 것이다. The association comprised of the owners of land or buildings adheres to the urban rearrangement project under a set of substantial and procedural administrative regulations. The projects are characterized by having a public interest entailing huge costs and difficulties in securing land and potential inhabitants displacement. These projects are regulated by the “Act on the maintenance and improvement of urban areas and dwelling conditions for residents” and can be devided into 6 types of projects: `Housing reconstruction projects`, `Housing redevelopment projects`, `Urban environment rearrangement projects`, `Residential environment management projects`, `Residential environment improvement projects`, `Block-unit housing rearrangement projects`. PROCEDURAL OVERVIEW: The procedure of the urban rearrangement project is composed of 5 steps: (1) `formulation of basic policies and rearrangement plans for urban and residential environment rearrangement`, (2) `Establishment of project implementer`, (3) `formulation and authorization for project implementation`, (4) `formulation and authorization of management and disposal plans` and (5) `construction, work completion and public announcement of transfer. In view of the above-stated regulation, it is evident that urban rearrangement projects for the improvement of urban environments and the elevation in quality of residential life have become mainstream in supplying residences in urban areas. Therefore, legal expert opinions, attention and participation in researching this subject is required.

Post-annealing Effect of N-incorporated WO₃ Films for Photoelectrochemical Cells

Kwang-Soon Ahn(안광순) 한국청정기술학회 2009 청정기술 Vol.15 No.3

질소 도핑된 WO₃ (WO₃:N) 막을 반응성 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링을 이용하여 상온에서 증착한 다음, 300℃에서부터 500℃의 온도 구간에서 후열처리(post-annealing)하였다. WO₃ 내 질소 음이온은 O 2p valence state와의 mixing effect에 의해 광학적 밴드갭을 줄임으로써 장파장 영역의 빛을 흡수할 수 있었다. 더욱이 350℃ 이상의 후열처리에 의해 WO₃:N의 결정성이 크게 향상됨을 발견하였으며, 동일 온도에서 열처리된 순수한 WO₃ 막보다 광전기화학 특성이 휠씬 우수한 셀 성능을 가짐을 알 수 있었다. N-incorporated WO₃ (WO₃:N) films were synthesized using a reactive RF magnetron sputtering on unheated substrate and then post-annealed at different temperatures from 300 to 500℃ in air. The N anion narrowed optical band gap, due to its mixing effect with the O 2p valence states. Furthermore, it was found that the crystallinity of the WO₃:N films was significantly improved by the post-annealing at 350℃ and higher. As a result, the WO₃:N films exhibited much better photoelectrochemical performance, compared with pure WO₃ films post-annealed at the same temperature.

올리고머 전해질을 이용한 고효율 염료감응 태양전지

강문성(Kang, Moon-Sung),안광순(Ahn, Kwang-Soon),이재관(Lee, Jae-Kwan),이화섭(Lee, Wha-Sup),이지원(Lee, Ji-Won) 한국신재생에너지학회 2005 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.11

전신성 홍반성 루푸스 환자에서 대퇴골두 혈류양 변화에 관한 연구

김현정 ( Hyeon Jeong Kim ),오지현 ( Ji Hyun Oh ),안광순 ( Kwang Soon Ahn ),김동규 ( Dong Gyu Kim ),신미정 ( Mi Jeong Shin ),이충원 ( Choong Won Lee ) 대한내과학회 2005 대한내과학회지 Vol.69 No.2

목적 : 전신성홍반성 루푸스(이하 루푸스)에서 무혈성골두괴사가 흔히 발생하고 특히 스테로이드를 사용 후 발생율이 더욱 증가하지만 예측 검사법이 없다. 이에 저자들은 스테로이드를 1개월 이상 사용한 루푸스 환자들에서 무혈성 골두괴사와 밀접한 관계가 있는 대퇴골두 동맥의 혈류속도와 혈류량을 측정하여 혈류량 변화를 확인하고자 한다. 방법 : 1997년 개정된 루푸스 ACR 진단 기준에 합당한 환자 가운데서 1개월 이상 스테로이드를 사용하였고, plain X-ray와 증상에서 무혈성 골두괴사가 발생하지 않은 22명의 환자에서 44개 대퇴골두부(우측 22개, 좌측 22개)에 대퇴골두 공급 동맥인 medial circumflex artery (MCA)와 lateral circumflex artery (LCA)의 peak systolic velocity (PSV)와 pulsatility index (PI)를 중립위 상태(neutral position)와 내회전 상태(internal rotation)에서 측정하였다. 정상 대조군 15명에서 동일한 검사를 30예(우측 15, 좌측 15)의 대퇴 골두에서 실시하다. 결과 : 루푸스 환자에서 건강 대조군에 비해 자연위에서 MCA와 LCA의 PSV (70.6±40.4 vs 46.9±19.3, p<0.001)와 PI (8.9±6.3 vs 5.5±3.4, p<0.001) 뿐만 아니라 내전위에서 PSV (74.8±42.3 vs 49.9±19.9, p=0.000)와 PI (8.1±7.1 vs 3.9±2.5, p<0.001)가 현저히 상승되어 있었다. 결론 : 스테로이드를 사용한 루푸스 환자에서 대퇴골두 동맥혈관에서 현저한 동맥혈속의 상승(PSV)과 혈류량지표(PI)의 상승은 대퇴골내의 혈류량 변화와 관계가 있고 이것이 루푸스에서 무혈성 골두괴사의 위험인자로 작용할 것으로 추정된다. 따라서 대퇴골두 동맥의 도플러 측정은 골내압 변화의 예측검사법으로 유용하게 이용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Background : One of the groups with highest risk for avascular necrosis is patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Corticosteroid therapy is also the most important risk factor. No predictive test, however, was known to detect avascular necrosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate hemodynamic flow to the proximal femur in patients with SLE with long term corticosteroid therapy. Methods : Twenty-two patients with SLE without avascular necrosis and with long-term corticosteroid treatment (mean months; 41 (1-156)) versus 15 healthy controls were evaluated. Medial and lateral circumflex arteries of 44 hips in 22 SLE patients and 30 hips in healthy controls were examined using ultrasoud equipment with color Doppler and power Doppler capability. Arterial pulstality index (PI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) were determined with neutral and internal rotation position (stimulated ischemia). Results : PSV was significantly increased in patients with SLE than healthy controls (70.6±40.4 vs 46.9±19.3; p<0.001) with neutral position as well as (74.8±42.3 vs 49.9±19.9; p<0.001) with internal rotation. PI was also higher in SLE patients than healthy controls (8.9±6.3 vs 5.5±3.4; p<0.001) with neutral position as well as (8.1±7.1 vs 3.9±2.5; p<0.001) with internal rotation. PI strongly correlated with PSV (r=0.99, p<0.001). But PSV or PI did not correlate with duration of corticosteroid use. Conclusion : Peak systolic velocity and pulstality index of arteries to the femur head in patients with SLE with long-term corticosteroid treatment were significantly higher than healthy controls. These hemodynamic changes may contribute to develop avascular necrosis of the hip in patients with SLE.(Korean J Med 69:183-189, 2005)

루푸스 척수염으로 오인된 결핵성 척수염

신현주 ( Hyeon Ju Shin ),전수진 ( Su Jin Jeon ),김동규 ( Dong Kyu Kim ),안광순 ( Kwang Soon Ahn ),김현정 ( Hyeon Jung Kim ),이충원 ( Choong Won Lee ) 대한류마티스학회 2005 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.12 No.2

In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), besides immunosuppressive therapy, the immunological abnormalities such as impaired phagocytosis and deficiency of cell-mediated immunity contribute to the increased risk of infection. Most of all, the incidence of tuberculous infection is higher and the pattern tends to be more extensive and extrapulmonary than in general population. Therefore the contributory role of tuberculous infection in mortality of SLE should be emphasized, especially in areas endemic for Mycobacterium tuberculosis like Korea. When tuberculous infection involves central nervous system, it can mimic lupus myelitis, showing the clinical manifestations like paraplegia, sensory impairment and bladder dysfunction. Tuberculous myelitis should be differentiated with lupus myelitis as early as possible for proper treatment and better prognosis. We report a 52 year-old woman with SLE presented with paraplegia and urinary incontinence, who were initially suspected as lupus myelitis. But the AFB smear and culture of cerebrospinal fluid were compatible with tuberculosis myelitis.

Tri-branched tri-anchoring organic dye for Visible light-responsive dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical water-splitting cells

박정현(Park, Jeong-Hyun),김재홍(Kim, Jae-Hong),안광순(Ahn, Kwang-Soon) 한국신재생에너지학회 2010 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.06

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems are promising methods of producing H2 gas using solar energy in an aqueous solution. The photoelectrochemical properties of numerous metal oxides have been studied. Among them, the PEC systems based on TiO2 have been extensively studied. However, the drawback of a PEC system with TiO2 is that only ultraviolet (UV) light can be absorbed because of its large band gap (3.2 - 3.4 eV). Two approaches have been introduced in order to use PEC cells in the visible light region. The first method includes doping impurities, such as nitrogen, into TiO2, and this technique has been extensively studied in an attempt to narrow the band gap. In comparison, research on the second method, which includes visible light water splitting in molecular photosystems, has been slow. Mallouk et al. recently developed electrochemical water-splitting cells using the Ru(II) complex as the visible light photosensitizer. the dye-sensitized PEC cell consisted of a dye-sensitized TiO2 layer, a Pt counter electrode, and an aqueous solution between them. Under a visible light (< 3 eV) illumination, only the dye molecule absorbed the light and became excited because TiO2 had the wide band gap. The light absorption of the dye was followed by the transfer of an electron from the excited state (S*) of the dye to the conduction band (CB) of TiO2 and its subsequent transfer to the transparent conducting oxide (TCO). The electrons moved through the wire to the Pt, where the water reduction (or H2 evolution) occurred. The oxidized dye molecules caused the water oxidation because their HOMO level was below the H2O/O2 level. Organic dyes have been developed as metal-free alternatives to the Ru(II) complexes because of their tunable optical and electronic properties and low-cost manufacturing. Recently, organic dye molecules containing multi-branched, multi-anchoring groups have received a great deal of interest. In this work, tri-branched tri-anchoring organic dyes (Dye 2) were designed and applied to visible light water-splitting cells based on dye-sensitized TiO2 electrodes. Dye 2 had a molecular structure containing one donor (D) and three acceptor (A) groups, and each ended with an anchoring functionality. In comparison, mono-anchoring dyes (Dye 1) were also synthesized. The PEC response of the Dye 2-sensitized TiO2 film was much better than the Dye 1-sensitized or unsensitized TiO2 films.

위장관 간질종양과 위 샘암종 환자에서 발생한 Candida guilliermondii에 의한 눈속염 1예

안광순,고진우,박정현,이규,박성남,이화정,정준훈,정민희 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.6

저자들은 간전이와 소장의 위장관 간질종양을 동반한 위 샘암종 환자에서 발생한 C. guilliermondii에 의한 눈속염 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하며, 칸디다의 위험인자가 있는 환자에서 눈속염이 발생하는 경우에 칸디다혈증의 유무, 원발병소의 추적검사, 눈속염에 대한 안과적 정밀검사 및 신속한 치료가 필요하리라 본다. Candida is the most common etiologic agent causing endogenous endophthalmitis resulting due to hematogenous spread from a remote primary focus. Risk factors for the infection include intravenous drug use, hyperalimentation, surgery, malignancy, diabetes, neutropenia, and the use of broad- spectrum antibiotics and immunosuppressive agents, especially corticosteroids. The outcome of candida endophthalmitis is disappointing. One main problem in the management of this infection is that early diagnosis is difficult. Thus, treatment may be delayed and this which often leads to a poor outcome. Candida endophthalmitis, particularly candida guilliermondii endophthalmitis, is extremely rare, although it is becoming more common as the number of chronically debilitated patients and the use of invasive procedures increase. It is an ophthalmologic emergency and commonly takes a tragic course. Therefore, early suspicion and aggressive management are imperative to prevent visual loss. The authors report a case of candida endophthalmitis caused by Candida guilliermondii in a 65-year-old man with mixed gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) and stomach adenocarcinoma.

우측 대장에 발생한 연소성 용종 1예

이준식,박성한,홍현진,안광순,김지연,배용목,이은영,박선자 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

Juvenile polyp, also known as a retention polyp because they contain mucin cysts, is a relatively common hamartomatous lesion in chlidhood. It occurs in 1-2% of children and young adults; however it is uncommon in adulthood. Juvenile polyp is rare in the first year of life and is thus presumed to be acquired and not congenital. It is pedunculated, 2-3 cm in size, red-tan in colour, smooth and always shows fluid filled cystic spaces on cut surface. Histologically, Juvenile polyps are hamartomatous with distended, mucus-filled glands, often with cystic dilatation and edematous lamina propria containing abundant vasculature. The most common manifestation is rectal bleeding produced by auto-amputation of the polyp. Juvenile polyp has been considered not to be at increased risk of developing carcinoma. However, atypical epithelium is observed in some lesions, especially in larger polyps, which may give rise to adenoma and subsequent malignant transformation. Therefore the diagnosis of solitary juvenile polyp should not be made only with colonoscopy and biopsy, but should be totally resected endoscopically for pathologic evaluation. About 90% of the lesions are solitary and localized within 20cm from anal verge. In Korea, there are some reports of juvenile polyps located in the rectosigmoid colon. We report one case of juvenile polyp in adolescent that presented as a hematochezia & abdominal pain, which is located at right colon.

탄탈륨 산화물 박막의 전기화학적 성장과 광전기화학적 응용

성영은,안광순,염준호,정도진 한국공업화학회 1999 응용화학 Vol.3 No.2

Thin films of tantalum oxide (Ta₂O_5) were formed electrochemically on tantalum electrode in several electrolytes at different applied voltages. The particle and pore sizes of oxide films were various depending upon the electrolytes. The thickness and structure of electrochemically grown oxides were examined using X -ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), SEM, photoluminescence (PL), electroluminescence (EL) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). EL emissions of rare earth metal Tb³+ and organic Ru(bpy)₃²+ incorporated-Ta/Ta₂O_5 electrodes in aqueous solutions were observed. Since new EL emission energies are smaller than the band gap of 4.1 eV of Ta₂O_5, the resulting omissions are considered to be generated from surface states at the oxide band gap region. Incorporated inorganic and organic species are supposed to act as the luminescence centers for free electrons and holes. Since the emission spectra depend upon the incorporated chemical species and their concentrations, metal oxide films can be used for phosphor layers and analytical sensing probes by the controlled introduction of the label materials to produce surface states.