자료통합을 위한 통계적 매칭방법 비교

송지나,김영원 한국자료분석학회 2016 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.18 No.6

Recently, demand of statistics-users becomes more complex and diverse. And survey environment is also getting worse due to increasing of survey cost and personal information protection policy. As a way of solving such problems, study on the statistical matching has been actively done by many researchers. Statistical matching is a methodology used to merge microdata from several sample surveys into a single synthetic microdata file. Among various statistical matching methods, we investigated the methods proposed by Kadane (1978) and Moriarity (2009), and a new method which is a modification of the Moriarity for considering the non-normality of the survey materials is introduced. The case studies for comparison of efficiency of statistical matching methods were conducted using 2012 NaSTaB and KLIPS. In this study, we compared several statistical matching methods from the viewpoint of maintenance of assumed covariance for the matching, and differences and distributions of the imputed values and the actual values of recipient file. We found that the Mariarity method and the proposed new method are efficient than Kadane method in terms of mean squared imputed error and preservation of covariance structure. 최근 통계 자료 이용자들이 요구하는 자료의 형태나 수준이 매우 다양하고 복잡해지고 있으며, 이런 수요를 비용을 절감하면서 수용하기 위해서는 두 개의 독립적인 조사를 병합해서 활용하는 방안을 고려할 필요가 있다. 이런 관점에서 본 연구에서는 독립적인 두 조사 자료를 통계적인 방법을 이용하여 하나의 자료로 통합하는 통계적 매칭(statistical matching) 방법들의 장단점을 살펴보기 위해 두 개의 조사 자료를 활용한 사례분석 결과를 제시한다. 다양한 통계적 매칭 방법 중 Kadane(1978)과 Moriarity(2009)가 제안한 매칭 방법과 함께, 조사 자료의 비정규성을 고려하여 Moriarity의 방법을 변형한 새로운 방법을 제안하고, 세 가지 매칭방법의 효율성을 사례연구를 통해 비교하였다. 2012년도 재정패널조사 자료와 한국노동패널조사 자료 중 일부 변수를 대상으로 통계적 매칭 방법을 적용해 통합자료를 구축한 후 매칭방법의 효율성을 비교하였다. 조건부독립가정이 성립하는 경우와 성립하지 않는 경우를 모두 검토하였으며, 매칭방법의 효율성 비교를 위해 모형 설정을 위해 가정한 공분산이 통합자료에서도 그대로 유지될 수 있는지, 원래 자료의 값과 매칭 과정을 통해 대체된 값의 차이, 통합 자료의 분포가 원래 자료의 분포와 어느 정도 일치하는지 등의 관점에서 매칭 방법들의 장단점을 비교하였다. 사례분석 결과 조건부 독립 가정의 성립 여부와 관계없이 Moriarity의 방법과 본 연구에서 제안한 새로운 방법이 Kadane 방법에 비해 설정된 모형의 공분산을 유지한다는 것과 수용자 파일의 분포와 비슷한 분포를 복구할 수 있다는 관점에서 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

Korean ‘-e ci’ Constructions: Anti-Causatives or Passives?

송지나 한국언어정보학회 2016 언어와 정보 Vol.20 No.1

The status of the Korean morphological marker ‘-e ci’ has been controversial whether it is a passive marker, an anticausative marker, or a passive/anticausative marker. However, the previous approaches that tried to classify ‘-e ci’ constructions based on the syntactic verb classes (i.e. intransitive or transitive) were short of explaining the properties of the constructions. In this study, the ‘-e ci’ constructions were distinguished based on agentivity, following Levin & Rappaport Hovav (1995) and Alexiadou et al. (2006). Moreover, how the verbal root meaning is associated with the passive/anticausative construction was investigated by means of Distributed Morphology (DM) (Embick 2010; Marantz 1997). I argued that the morphological marker ‘-e ci’ is the instantiation of the absence of external arguments. With respect to the behavior of the Korean ‘-e ci’ constructions with the semantics of each verbal root class, I found out that the ‘-e ci’ constructions can form passives with the verbal roots that require the external arguments; whereas, the anticausatives cannot be formed with the roots that necessarily require the agentive arguments. However, contrary to the previous arguments that ‘-e ci’ passives can be only formed with transitive verbs, it is discovered that non-agentive transitive roots do form anticausatives. Moreover, I argued that there are two types of the anticausatives – zero and ‘-e ci’ anticausatives. Since the valency reduction is marked by the non-active voice morphology, the zero anticausatives appear only with the roots that do not require external arguments. The different ‘-e ci’ constructions (passives, ‘-e ci’, and zero anticausatives) are represented by the distinct syntactic structures. I proposed that the morphological similarity between the passives and the ‘-e ci’ anticausatives is due to the presence of VoiceP, which introduces the external arguments. Moreover, the lack of the voice morphology in the zero anticausatives is explained by the absence of the VoiceP.

On English Swiping: a Direct Interpretation Approach

송지나 한국언어정보학회 2016 언어와 정보 Vol.20 No.3

It has been difficult to provide a successful analysis on swiping, because of idiosyncratic properties of swiping – the island sensitivity and the restriction on the prepositions that are available for swiping. The island sensitivity of swiping has been a challenging problem because swiping as well as sluicing undergoes deletion of TP at PF, which repairs illicit traces under movement approach. Moreover, the property that not all prepositions can be swiped has been another challenging problem because it was almost impossible to make a generalization for what kind of prepositions can be swiped. In this paper, swiping in English is analyzed under Direct Interpretation approach using construction-based HPSG framework. This paper argues that the swiped PP should be treated as a base-generated fragment, which is interpreted from the contextual information in DISC-REC. Moreover, in line with Kim and Kuno (2013), the island sensitivity of swiping was analyzed in terms of processing activation, where the implicit correlate should be activated in the FOC-ATT, because the swiping with any antecedent clauses can be resolved so long as the implicit correlate is in the awareness of the hearer. In addition, by introducing the type hierarchy of the part of speech, the swiping-available prepositions were well-restricted.

발달기 초등교사의 대학원 특별연수 경험에 따른 전문적 자본 축적 양상

송지나,신창기,김갑성 한국교원교육학회 2023 한국교원교육연구 Vol.40 No.4

본 연구는 현직교육이 지닌 문제를 극복할 수 있는 효과적 방안인 대학원 특별연수 경험에 따른 발달기 초등교사의 전문적 자본 축적 양상을 탐색하고자 한다. 연구 목적 달성을 위해 K대학교 대학원 특별연수 2년 차 발달기 초등교사 8명을 대상으로 면담을 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 대학원 특별연수 이전 발달기 초등교사가 지닌 전문적 자본은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인적 자본으로써 학생을 도울 역량과 다양한 교수·학습을 활용하기 위해 능동적으로 탐색하는 능력은 있으나 동료를 돕기에는 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회적 자본으로써 동학년 중심의 한정된 협력 관계망 속에서 감정적 지지 정도의 협력을 하고 있었다. 셋째, 교육과정보다 교사로서의 판단을 우선시하나 성찰 경험은 부족했다. 대학원 특별연수 과정을 통해 발달기 초등교사가 경험한 전문적 자본의 변화는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인적 자본으로써 이론적 탐색을 통해 안목을 넓히고 연구를 통해 전문성을 신장하는 방법을 깨달았다. 둘째, 협력의 강도가 세졌으며, 사회적 관계망이 넓어졌다고 인식했다. 셋째, 의사결정적 자본의 축적으로 연구자로서 자율적 판단 능력은 부족하나 교육에 대해 충분한 성찰 경험을 통한 실천적 지식 형성을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과를 중심으로 한 논의점은 첫째, 대학원 특별연수는 발달기 초등교사의 사회적 자본 축적에 많은 도움을 줄 수 있다. 둘째, 대학원 특별연수 과정은 교사의 생애발달 특징인 조로(早老)현상에 대한 대처방안이 될 수 있다. This study aims to explore the aspects of professional capital accumulation of elementary school teachers in the developmental period according to their experience in special graduate training, which is an effective way to overcome the problems of current education. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, interviews were conducted with 8 elementary school teachers in the second year of special training in the graduate school of K University. As a result of the study, the professional capital of elementary school teachers in the developmental period before the special training of the graduate school is as follows. First, it was found that as human capital the ability to help students and to actively search to utilize various teaching and learning were enough, but to help colleagues was insufficient. Second, as social capital, the level of cooperation was achieved in the limited cooperative network centered on the same grade. Third, as a decision-making capital, judgment as a teacher was prioritized over the curriculum, but the experience of reflection was insufficient. The changes in professional capital experienced through the special graduate school training course are as follows. First, as human capital, they realized how to broaden their perspective through theoretical search and enhance expertise through research. Second, it was recognized that the intensity of cooperation had increased, and the social network had expanded. Third, as a decision-making capital, the ability to make autonomous judgments was insufficient as a researcher, but the formation of practical knowledge was confirmed through sufficient reflection experience on education. The discussion point centered on the results of this study is, first, that special graduate training can greatly help elementary school teachers in their developmental period to accumulate social capital. Second, the special graduate training course can be a way to cope with the ‘geromorphism’ as a teacher, which is a characteristic of teachers' life development.

L2 Acquisition of OSV Scrambling in Korean

송지나,Kaiser Elsi 담화·인지언어학회 2023 담화와 인지 Vol.30 No.2

This study aims to investigate how speakers of a language with a relatively fixed word order learn scrambled order in L2. To this end, we conducted a naturalness rating task accompanied by a picture-writing task in Korean SOV (canonical order) and OSV (scrambled order) sentences for L1 English speakers learning Korean. Based on the Full Transfer/Full Access (FTFA) acquisition model (Schwartz and Sprouse 1996), we explored three parameters associated with the OSV order to determine whether and how L1 transfer is affected by different representational levels of each of these parameters: (i) the Head Directionality Parameter and (ii) the Multiple-Specifier Parameter are related to the grammar-internal domain (syntax), while (iii) the Given-before-New parameter is related to the grammar-external domain (discourse). The results show that for the grammar-internal parameters ((i) and (ii)), L2 learners are restructuring their interlanguage grammar towards the L2 grammar by accessing UG, supporting the FTFA hypothesis. On the other hand, for the grammar-external parameter (iii), our results are compatible with the hypothesis that given-before-new (discourse) knowledge is learned by accessing UG without L1 transfer. These results may imply that internal syntactic knowledge is acquired first, but external discourse constraints related to discourse are acquired later.

영아기 기질과 어머니 양육의 조화적합성 잠재집단에 따른 학령기 아동의 미디어기기 중독 차이

송지나,김은지,박유정 육아정책연구소 2023 육아정책연구 Vol.17 No.3

이 연구는 잠재프로파일분석을 통해 영아기 기질과 어머니 양육의 조화적합성 잠재집단을 구분하고, 집단에 따라 아동의 학령기 미디어기기 중독이 다른지 비교하였다. 분석 결과, 영아기 조화적합성 유형에 따라 4개의 잠재집단이 구분되었으며(어려운 기질-양육부족, 억제된 정서성 기질-양육양호, 평범 기질-양육양호, 외향성 기질-양육긍정), 집단에 따라 학령기 미디어기기 중독 수준에 차이가 나타났다. 영아기 기질의 정서성이 높고 어머니 양육지식이 낮은 ‘어려운 기질-양육부족’집단에서 학령기 미디어기기 중독이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 영아기 기질이 쉬운기질이면서 어머니 양육지식과 양육행동이 높은 ‘외향성 기질-양육긍정’집단에서 학령기 미디어기기 중독이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 영아기 기질과 양육의 조화적합성이 아동 발달에 종단적으로 영향을 미칠 수 있는 가능성을 보여주며, 조화적합성 증진을 지향하는 부모교육 프로그램의 필요성을 시사한다. This study investigated the profiles of mother-child goodness-of-fit in toddlerhood and their differences in media device addiction during the school years. We analyzed data from 1,775 mother-child dyads who participated in the Panel Study on Korean Children. Specifically, children’s temperament, and mothers’ parenting knowledge and behaviors measured at the age of two years were used to investigate the goodness-of-fit profiles; children’s media device addiction measured at age 10 (4th grade) was used. The results are as follows: First, latent profile analysis revealed four goodness-of-fit groups in toddlerhood: “uneasy child-inadequate parenting,” “inhibited emotionality child-fine parenting,” “unremarkable child-fine parenting,” and “outgoing child-good parenting.” Second, analyses using BCH method indicated that the “uneasy child-inadequate parenting” group showed the highest level of media device addiction in school years among the four groups. In addition, group comparisons showed that mothers’ parenting knowledge influenced their children’s media device addiction. These findings suggest that early intervention policies that foster appropriate parenting practices during toddlerhood are important.

Preparation and Characterization of PBAT/OTPS Blend Films with Epoxidized Soybean Oil (ESO) for Eco-friendly Packaging Application

송지나,권상우,박수일 한국포장학회 2023 한국포장학회지 Vol.29 No.1

The application of starch-based films is limited by the poor water vapor barrier and mechanical properties. In this study, plasticized octenyl-succinated corn starch (OTPS) was mixed into Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) with various concentration (0/0.25/0.5/0.75 wt%) of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) to enhance the mechanical properties and the hydrophobicity of blends. Tensile Strength and elongation at break of PBAT/OTPS film was slightly strengthened as the added ratio of ESO raised to 0.5 wt%, yet lessened again in 0.75 wt% sample. The yield strength and elastic modulus were highest in 0.25wt% of ESO added. In thermal properties, the melting temperature (Tm) and crystallization temperature (Tc) were highest at ESO 0.25 and the maximum degradation temperature (Tmax) of components of the films were developed as ESO added. Also, it has been proved that the addition of hydrophobic substances reduces the hydrophilicity of the film by contact angle. This suggests the use of epoxidized oil for preparing films based on high TPS content allows obtaining enhanced interfacial adhesion. This study confirmed that ESO acts as a compatibilizer between OTPS and PBAT to improve the mechanical properties and hydrophobicity of the sample. The sample containing 0.5wt% of ESO was the most suitable for packaging application.

기고작 : 십대출산기혼모의 부모됨에 관한 질적 연구: 지지적 관계를 통한 적응과 성숙을 중심으로

송지나,강혜현,조윤희,이순형 한국어린이재단 2014 동광 Vol.109 No.-

이 연구는 십대출산기혼모의 부모됨 경험과 그 과정에서 나타난 다양한 지지적 관계의 역할, 십대출산기혼모의 적응과 성숙의 가능성에 대해 밝히고자 하는 목적에서 수행되었다. 온라인 커뮤니티를 통해 전국에서 십대에 임신과 출산을 경험하였으며 아이의 친부와 혼인한 여성 17명을 모집하여 일대일 면담을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 Strauss(1987)의‘개방적 코딩’, ‘중추적 코딩’, ‘선택적코딩’ 방법을 사용하여 분석하였으며, ‘참여자 검토’ 과정을 통해 연구결과의 신뢰도를 확보하고자 노력하였다. 이 연구에서는 십대 양육모의 적응에 영향을 미치는 사회적 지지로서 원가족과 배우자, 자조모임에 초점을 두고 자료를 분석하였다. 자료 분석 결과, 십대 청소년의 임신이 출산과 양육, 혼인으로 이어지도록 하는 데 결정적인 영향을 끼친 것은 아이의 친부의 임신에 반응과 대처였으며, 아이의 친부가 부모됨의 과정에서 가장 큰 지지원으로 나타났다. 또한 원가족이 적극적으로 지지를 제공할수록 청소년 부모의 적응과 성숙에 큰 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 온라인 커뮤니티를 통한 자조모임도 십대출산기혼모의 지지원인 것으로 나타났다. 연구 참여자들은 이와 같은 지지적 관계를 통해 자신의 삶과 새로운 가족에 적응하였으며, 자신의 삶에 만족하고 미래를 낙관적으로 평가하고 있음을 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구는 십대 청소년의 부모됨이 원가족, 배우자와의 지지적 관계를 확립한다면 적응적이고 성숙된 삶으로 이어질 수 있음을 발견하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 온라인을 통한 또래 양육모 자조모임이 십대 앙육모에게 중요한 지지원임을 발견한 것도 의의가 있다. 이를 통해 십대 앙육모에 대한 시각을 전환할 필요성이 드러났으며, 적응을 돕기 위해서는 다앙한 지지 체계를 통합적으로 포함하는 복지프로그램이 제공되어야 함을 알 수 있었다.

The Predictive Processing of Korean Control Sentences

송지나,윤홍옥 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2016 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.17 No.3

The goal of this study is to investigate whether an antecedent for pro in Korean control sentences is predictively determined and if so, which constituent is preferred to be selected as an antecedent for pro. We manipulated the type of preverbal markers (i.e., control-creating markers, –keys or –la, and a control-neutral marker, -kes) and the type of control verbs (subject control verbs, object control verbs). Using a self-paced moving window reading task with a secondary judgment, we found that 1) reading times at control verbs were slower when preverbal markers (i.e., control-neutral markers) did not provide any particular semantic information on pro than when they (i.e., control-creating markers) cued semantic information on pro. 2) The words prior to control verbs took longer to read when the antecedent for pro corresponded to matrix subjects than matrix objects. 3) The rejection rates of sentences were higher from the position of control verbs when controlneutral markers were used and pro had to be co-indexed with matrix subjects than when control-creating markers were used and pro had to be co-indexed with matrix objects. Our results suggest that licensing of pro identity was predictively determined and matrix objects were preferred the antecedent for pro. Taken together, we claim that Korean readers actively and immediately use information from preverbal markers and control verbs associated with pro resolution.

Adversative Corrective Coordination in Korean

송지나 대한언어학회 2023 언어학 Vol.31 No.3

This study presents a comprehensive exploration of the syntax and semantics of corrective coordination in Korean. I introduce a new adversative coordinator in Korean, -la, which exclusively conveys a corrective reading. In terms of its syntactic structure, I argue that the corrective coordination in Korean operates at the sub-clause level rather than the clause level, drawing on various syntactic and semantic evidence. Additionally, this paper uncovers that the negation ani within the corrective coordination is consistent with the short-form negation in Korean. A potential challenge can emerge when considering the subclausal coordinate structure's semantic interpretation because negation typically takes a sentence, denoting a truth value, as its argument (i.e., ¬ p ˄ q). Building on Toosarvandani’s (2010, 2013) analysis, the coordinator -la is posited as a meet operator, accommodating not just truth values but also functional constructs. This analysis shows how subclausal constituents can align with the conventions of truth-functional conjunction. In conclusion, this study offers new insights into the Korean adversative coordinator, -la, and its associated syntactic and semantic structures in Korean.