Implicit Causality in Korean: Evaluating GPT-4o’s Discourse Competence

송지나 한국중원언어학회 2025 언어학연구 Vol.- No.76

This study evaluates GPT-4o’s ability to reproduce human-like discourse biases in Korean Implicit Causality (IC) contexts, probing both reference resolution and form-function mappings. Building on Kim (2019) and Kim & Grüter (2019), GPT-4o was presented with Korean sentence fragments – object-biased IC (IC2) verbs, subject-biased IC verbs with a syntactic causative (SC) marker (IC1-SC), and subject-biased IC verbs without the syntactic causative marker (IC1-Non-SC) – using In-Context Learning method. GPT-4o’s continuations were compared to native-speaker data for (i) which antecedent was re-mentioned after because, and (ii) the choice of referential form (repeated name, null subject, overt pronoun, full NP). GPT-4o exhibited a robust IC-verb effect, favoring subject continuations for IC1 and object continuations for IC2 verbs, but showed no sensitivity to the SC marker. Its overall form profile aligned with human patterns but diverged significantly in statistical tests. These findings suggest that, while GPT-4o captures broad IC semantics, it remains limited at the morphology-discourse interface, underscoring the need for more balanced multilingual pretraining and fine-tuning on low-resource languages.

Preparation and Characterization of PBAT/OTPS Blend Films with Epoxidized Soybean Oil (ESO) for Eco-friendly Packaging Application

송지나,권상우,박수일 한국포장학회 2023 한국포장학회지 Vol.29 No.1

The application of starch-based films is limited by the poor water vapor barrier and mechanical properties. In this study, plasticized octenyl-succinated corn starch (OTPS) was mixed into Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) with various concentration (0/0.25/0.5/0.75 wt%) of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) to enhance the mechanical properties and the hydrophobicity of blends. Tensile Strength and elongation at break of PBAT/OTPS film was slightly strengthened as the added ratio of ESO raised to 0.5 wt%, yet lessened again in 0.75 wt% sample. The yield strength and elastic modulus were highest in 0.25wt% of ESO added. In thermal properties, the melting temperature (Tm) and crystallization temperature (Tc) were highest at ESO 0.25 and the maximum degradation temperature (Tmax) of components of the films were developed as ESO added. Also, it has been proved that the addition of hydrophobic substances reduces the hydrophilicity of the film by contact angle. This suggests the use of epoxidized oil for preparing films based on high TPS content allows obtaining enhanced interfacial adhesion. This study confirmed that ESO acts as a compatibilizer between OTPS and PBAT to improve the mechanical properties and hydrophobicity of the sample. The sample containing 0.5wt% of ESO was the most suitable for packaging application.

한국 고흥군 무인도서 하계 해조상 및 해조류 군집구조

송지나,박향하,허진석,김보연,유현일,최한길 한국수산과학회 2011 한국수산과학회지 Vol.44 No.5

The intertidal benthic macroalgal floras of 19 uninhabited islands were investigated in the Goheung area, South Sea, Korea, in June 2008. Seaweed community structures on the rocky shores of four (Naemaemuldo, Ceoldo,Araedombaeseom, and Jinjioedo) of the 19 islands were also examined. Eighty macroalgal species were identified,including 13 green, 19 brown, and 48 red algae. The maximum number of species was found at Naemaemuldo, with 35 species, and the minimum was at Aredombaeseom, with 21 species. Seaweed biomass ranged from 21.39-76.22 g dry wt/m2, with a maximum at Naemaemuldo, and minimum at Jinjioedo. Sargassum thunbergii was a representative species, distributed widely in the intertidal zone of the four islands. Subdominant seaweeds were Corallina pilulifera and Ulva pertusa at Naemaemuldo and Jinjioedo, respectively. Also, Ishige okamurae was dominant at Ceoldo and Araedombaeseom. Six functional seaweed forms were found at each study site, except for Araedombaeseom, which had four functional groups. On the rocky shores of the four sites, a coarsely-branched form was the most dominant functional group ranging from 44.44-61.90% in species number and 72.42-91. 09% in biomass. In conclusion, among the four study sites, the shore of Naemaemuldo Island had the best ecological status, with the highest number of species, and greatest biomass (mainly brown and red algae) and functional form diversity of seaweeds. Furthermore,on the rocky shore of Naemaemuldo, coarsely branched- and joint calcareous-form seaweeds, which grow in clean and undisturbed environmental conditions, were the representative functional forms.

납작돌잎(Lithophyllum yessoense)과 진분홍딱지(Hildenbrandia rubra)의 포자방출 및 생장에 미치는 수온의 영향

송지나,박향하,허진석,오지철,김영식,최한길,남기완 한국수산과학회 2013 한국수산과학회지 Vol.46 No.3

The effects of temperature on spore release, growth and photosynthetic efficiency of Lithophyllum yessoense and Hildenbrandia rubra were examined. L . yessoense was collected at Galnam and H. rubra was collected at Gyeokpo, Korea. The experimental temperatures were different for spore release (10, 15, 20℃), sporeling growth (10, 15, 20, 25, 30℃) and photosynthetic efficiency (10, 15, 20, 25℃). All other culture conditions were the same: 34 psu, 12:12 LD and 50 μmol photon m-2 s-1. Spore liberation was maximal at 10℃ for L . yessoense and at 20℃ for H. rubra . After 14 days, the surface area of L .yessoense was 0.031 mm2 at 25℃ and for H. rubra was 0.032 mm2 at 20℃. Sporelings of L . yessoense were a dark-red color and grew in a round shape. In contrast, H. rubra was bright pink and changed from a round shape in the early growth stage to later become flabelliform. Photosynthetic efficiency was highest between 20-25℃ in both species. In conclusion, L . yessoense and H. rubra display different physiological features based on the optimal temperatures for spore release and sporling growth.

On English Swiping: a Direct Interpretation Approach

송지나 한국언어정보학회 2016 언어와 정보 Vol.20 No.3

It has been difficult to provide a successful analysis on swiping, because of idiosyncratic properties of swiping – the island sensitivity and the restriction on the prepositions that are available for swiping. The island sensitivity of swiping has been a challenging problem because swiping as well as sluicing undergoes deletion of TP at PF, which repairs illicit traces under movement approach. Moreover, the property that not all prepositions can be swiped has been another challenging problem because it was almost impossible to make a generalization for what kind of prepositions can be swiped. In this paper, swiping in English is analyzed under Direct Interpretation approach using construction-based HPSG framework. This paper argues that the swiped PP should be treated as a base-generated fragment, which is interpreted from the contextual information in DISC-REC. Moreover, in line with Kim and Kuno (2013), the island sensitivity of swiping was analyzed in terms of processing activation, where the implicit correlate should be activated in the FOC-ATT, because the swiping with any antecedent clauses can be resolved so long as the implicit correlate is in the awareness of the hearer. In addition, by introducing the type hierarchy of the part of speech, the swiping-available prepositions were well-restricted.

실내배양에서 납작돌잎(Lithophyllum yessoense)과 진분홍딱지(Hildenbrandia rubra)의 배아 생장에 미치는 환경요인의 영향

송지나,박향하,오지철,유현일,최한길,김영식,남기완 한국수산과학회 2013 한국수산과학회지 Vol.46 No.6

The effects of environmental factors, such as irradiance, daylength, salinity, and desiccation, on the growth of Lithophyllum yessoense and Hildenbrandia rubra sporelings were examined. Sporelings of each species were cultured with 10, 50, 80, 120, 150μmol photon m-2 s-1 for 14 days and their maximum growth occurred under 80 μmol photon m-2 s-1. Germlings of both species survived for 21 days in darkness, and even the L.yessoense germlings grew. In the salinity experiment, sporelings of each species survived for 7 days and died after 14 days under 20 and 25 psu, but the sporelings grew well under 34 psu. Physiological features of each species with respect to the evaluated daylengths (8, 12, 14 and 16 h) were slightly different, and maximal growth occurred at 16 h for L. yessoense and at 14 h for H. rubra sporelings. Mortality of the sporelings increased with the exposure period, but H. rubra was less tolerant to desiccation than L. yessoense. In conclusion, sporelings of the two species showed similar growth responses to various environmental factors with slightly different physiological features with respect to salinity, daylength, and desiccation. However, more ecological and physiological studies on slow-growing crustose algae are required to elucidate the expansion of barren ground around the coastal areas of Korea.

위기시대의 그리운 사람 10 : 나의 아버지 , 큰 역사의 작은 더하기

송지나 사회평론 1993 길을찾는사람들 Vol.93 No.5

N/A

Adversative Corrective Coordination in Korean

송지나 대한언어학회 2023 언어학 Vol.31 No.3

This study presents a comprehensive exploration of the syntax and semantics of corrective coordination in Korean. I introduce a new adversative coordinator in Korean, -la, which exclusively conveys a corrective reading. In terms of its syntactic structure, I argue that the corrective coordination in Korean operates at the sub-clause level rather than the clause level, drawing on various syntactic and semantic evidence. Additionally, this paper uncovers that the negation ani within the corrective coordination is consistent with the short-form negation in Korean. A potential challenge can emerge when considering the subclausal coordinate structure's semantic interpretation because negation typically takes a sentence, denoting a truth value, as its argument (i.e., ¬ p ˄ q). Building on Toosarvandani’s (2010, 2013) analysis, the coordinator -la is posited as a meet operator, accommodating not just truth values but also functional constructs. This analysis shows how subclausal constituents can align with the conventions of truth-functional conjunction. In conclusion, this study offers new insights into the Korean adversative coordinator, -la, and its associated syntactic and semantic structures in Korean.

Cooper 등의 다차원 정책분석 모형을 활용한 「고등·평생교육지원 특별회계」 정책 분석

송지나,김도기 한국지방교육경영학회 2024 지방교육경영 Vol.27 No.3

본 연구는 「고등·평생교육지원 특별회계」(이하 고특회계) 정책형성 과정에 대해 다차원적으로 접근하여 정책을 총체적으로 이해하고 체계적으로 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 국가 법령, 정부의 정책 자료, 연구보고서, 보도자료, 정책 추진 계획안, 연구 논문, 인터넷 포털 기사 등을 수집하였으며, Cooper 등의 다차원 정책분석 모형을 활용하여 규범적, 구조적, 구성적, 기술적 차원으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 규범적 차원에서 고특회계는 교육재정 효율화, 대학 혁신 지원을 목표로 추진되었다. 둘째, 구조적 차원에서 고특회계는 대학 등록금 동결과 고등교육재정 구조의 취약성과 같은 제도적 구조로부터 영향을 받았다. 셋째, 구성적 차원에서는 고특회계 정책 결정 과정에서의 중앙정부, 지방정부, 고등교육계, 유·초·중등교육계 간 상호작용을 찾을 수 있었다. 넷째, 기술적 차원에서는 고특회계 기획 과정에서 절충안으로서 한시적 운영과 재원 확보 방식을 채택했음을 논의하고, 예산 규모와 활용 과정에서 정부의 비전 실현을 추진하고 있음을 밝혔다. 아울러, 지속 가능한 고등교육 예산 확보를 위한 정책 평가의 시급성을 강조하였다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 고등교육 재정의 안정성과 예측 가능성을 높이기 위해 고등교육재정교부금과 같은 장기적 재정 확보 방안을 마련할 필요가 있음을 제안하였다. This study aims to comprehensively understand and systematically analyze the policy-making process of the 'Special Account for Supporting Higher and Lifelong Education' by taking a multi-dimensional approach. To achieve the research objectives, various materials such as national laws and regulations, government policy documents, press releases, research papers, and internet portal articles were collected. The multidimensional policy analysis model of Cooper et al. was utilized to analyze it in normative, structural, constituent, and technical dimensions. First, at the normative level, the Special Account was promoted with the goals of optimizing education finance and supporting university innovation. Second, structurally, the Special Account was influenced by institutional structures such as tuition freezes and the vulnerability of higher education financing. Third, in terms of its constituent dimension, the policy-making process of the Special Account revealed interactions among the central and local governments, higher education institutions, and elementary, secondary, and middle education institutions. Fourth, the technical dimension discussed the adoption of a temporary operation and funding method as a compromise, and it highlighted that the government's vision was being realized through the budget size and utilization process. Additionally, the urgency of policy evaluation for securing sustainable higher education funding was emphasized. Based on the findings, it is suggested that establishing a long-term financing measure, such as a Higher Education Finance Grant, is essential to enhance the stability and predictability of higher education funding.

기고작 : 십대출산기혼모의 부모됨에 관한 질적 연구: 지지적 관계를 통한 적응과 성숙을 중심으로

송지나,강혜현,조윤희,이순형 초록우산 어린이재단 2014 동광 Vol.109 No.-

이 연구는 십대출산기혼모의 부모됨 경험과 그 과정에서 나타난 다양한 지지적 관계의 역할, 십대출산기혼모의 적응과 성숙의 가능성에 대해 밝히고자 하는 목적에서 수행되었다. 온라인 커뮤니티를 통해 전국에서 십대에 임신과 출산을 경험하였으며 아이의 친부와 혼인한 여성 17명을 모집하여 일대일 면담을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 Strauss(1987)의‘개방적 코딩’, ‘중추적 코딩’, ‘선택적코딩’ 방법을 사용하여 분석하였으며, ‘참여자 검토’ 과정을 통해 연구결과의 신뢰도를 확보하고자 노력하였다. 이 연구에서는 십대 양육모의 적응에 영향을 미치는 사회적 지지로서 원가족과 배우자, 자조모임에 초점을 두고 자료를 분석하였다. 자료 분석 결과, 십대 청소년의 임신이 출산과 양육, 혼인으로 이어지도록 하는 데 결정적인 영향을 끼친 것은 아이의 친부의 임신에 반응과 대처였으며, 아이의 친부가 부모됨의 과정에서 가장 큰 지지원으로 나타났다. 또한 원가족이 적극적으로 지지를 제공할수록 청소년 부모의 적응과 성숙에 큰 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 온라인 커뮤니티를 통한 자조모임도 십대출산기혼모의 지지원인 것으로 나타났다. 연구 참여자들은 이와 같은 지지적 관계를 통해 자신의 삶과 새로운 가족에 적응하였으며, 자신의 삶에 만족하고 미래를 낙관적으로 평가하고 있음을 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구는 십대 청소년의 부모됨이 원가족, 배우자와의 지지적 관계를 확립한다면 적응적이고 성숙된 삶으로 이어질 수 있음을 발견하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 온라인을 통한 또래 양육모 자조모임이 십대 앙육모에게 중요한 지지원임을 발견한 것도 의의가 있다. 이를 통해 십대 앙육모에 대한 시각을 전환할 필요성이 드러났으며, 적응을 돕기 위해서는 다앙한 지지 체계를 통합적으로 포함하는 복지프로그램이 제공되어야 함을 알 수 있었다.