백작약약침(白芍藥藥鍼)이 백서(白鼠)의 위궤양(胃潰瘍)에 미치는 면역조직화학적(免疫組織化學的) 연구(硏究)

박기현,한상원,박재현,Park Ki-Hyun,Han Sang-Won,Park Jae-Hyun 대한침구의학회 1998 대한침구의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

In order to study the immunohistochemical effects of herbal drug-acupuncture of Radix paeoniae lactiflorae on gastric ulcer induced by HCl-aspirin in rats. this experiment was done by herbal drug-acupuncture to Wisu($B_{21}$). Chung-Wan($CV_{12}$), Chok-Samni($S_{36}$) loci to measure histological features of ulcer lesion, the change of numbers of parietal cell, chief celI, gastrin and somatostatin-immunoreactive cell. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The ulcerative lesions of gastric mucosa were decreased to WiSU($B_{21}$) loci followed by Chung-Wan($CV_{12}$) and Chok-Samni($S_{36}$) loci compared to the control groups. 2. In the numbers of parietal cell, the most remarkable decrease was observed to Wisu($B_{21}$) loci followed by Chung-Wan($CV_{12}$) and Chok-Samni($S_{36}$) loci compared to the control groups. 3. In the numbers of chief cell, the most remarkable increase was observed to Wisu($B_{21}$) loci followed by Chung-Wan($CV_{12}$) and Chok-Samni($S_{36}$) loci compared to the control groups. 4. In the numbers of gastrin-immunoreactive cell, the most remarkable decrease was observed to Wiu($B_{21}$) loci followed by Chung-Wan($CV_{12}$) and Chok-Samni($S_{36}$) loci compared to the control groups. 5. In the numbers of somatostatin-immunoreactive cell, the most remarkable decrease was observed to Wisu($B_{21}$) loci followed by Chung-Wan($CV_{12}$) and Chok-Samni($S_{36}$) loci compared to the control groups.

Effects of 3-Methylcholanthrene on DNA Damages and Replication Inhibition in the Presence of Metabolic Activation System

박기현,이정섭,이형호,박상대,Park, Ki-Hyun,Lee, Jung-Sup,Lee, Hyung-Ho,Park, Sang-Dai 생화학분자생물학회 1985 한국생화학회지 Vol.18 No.2

CHO-KI 세포를 재료로 발암 전구물질인 3-methylcholanthrene(3-MC)에 의한 DNA사 절단, 비주기성 DNA합성 및 복제억제에 마치는 영향을 쥐의 간 상등액(5-15)과 NADPH를 조효소로 하는 대사활성계를 이용하여 알키리 유출법, 자기방사법 및 알카리 농도구배 초원심 분리법으로 조사하였다. 3-MC를 S-15으로 활성화시키지 않을 경우 24시간 처리에도 비주기성 DNA합성이나 DNA사절단을 거의 일으키지 않았다. 그러나 S-15과 함께 3-MC를 1시간 처리하였을 경우 비주기성 DNA 합성과 DNA단사 절단율이 농도증가에 따라 증가하였으며, hydroxyurea와 ara-C를 후처리 하였을 때 현저한 DNA단사 축적양상이 보였다. 그리고 유발된 단사절단의 회복에 있어서는 3시간 이상의 시간에도 대조군 수준으로 회복되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 3-MC가 DNA상해요인으로 작용하기 위해서는 대사활성이 반드시 필요하며 자외선형의 상해유발 물질임을 암시한다. 또한, DNA복제양상은 농도에 비 례 DNA합성률이 억제되면서, $10^{-6}\;M$ 이하의 농도에서는 DNA복제 개시 (replicon initiation)가, 그 이상의 농도에서는 DNA복제개시와 DNA사 생장(chain elongation)의 동시 억제양상이 보였다. DNA strand breaks and replication inhibition by 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) were determined in the presence or absence of metabolic activation in CHO-KI cells. DNA strand breaks were induced in a small extent by 3-MC for 24 hr treatment. However, the single strand breaks were effectively induced by 3-MC for 1 hr treatment with the metabolic activation system. The production of strand breaks were remarkably increased by post-incubation with hydorxyurea and ara-C. At low doses below $10^{-6}\;M$, inhibition of replicon initiation was observed, at higher doses non-specific inhibition of both replicon initiation and chain growth was shown.

CMP 패드 강성에 따른 산화막 불균일성(WIWNU)에 관한 연구

박기현,정재우,박범영,서헌덕,이현섭,정해도,Park, Ki-Hyun,Jung, Jae-Woo,Park, Boum-Young,Seo, Heon-Deok,Lee, Hyun-Seop,Jeong, Hae-Do 한국전기전자재료학회 2005 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.18 No.6

Within wafer non-uniformity(WIWNU) improves as the stiffness of pad decrease. We designed the pad groove to study of pad stiffness on WIWNU in Chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) and measured the pad stiffness according to groove width. The groove influences effective pad stiffness although original mechanical properties of pad are unchanged by grooving. Also, it affects the flow of slurry that has an effect on the lubrication regime and polishing results. An Increase of the apparent contact area of pad by groove width results in decrease of effective pad stiffness. WIWNU and profile of removal tate improved as effective pad stiffness decreased. Because grooving the pad reduce its effective stiffness and it makes slurry distribution to be uniform. Futhermore, it ensures that pad conforms to wafer-scale flatness variability. By grooving the top pad, it is possible to reduce its stiffness and hence reduce WIWNU and edge effect.

GnRH의 맥동성 투여에 의한 남성 성선기능저하증의 치료

박기현,지용석,이병석,이보연,조동제,송찬호,이무상,최형기,이현철,허갑범,Park, Ki-Hyun,Jee, Yong-Seok,Lee, Byung-Seok,Lee, Bo-Yun,Cho, Dong-Jae,Song, Chan-Ho,Lee, Moo-Sang,Choi, Hyung-Ki,Lee, Hyun-Chul,Heo, Kab-Beom 대한생식의학회 1992 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.19 No.1

The effects of pulsatile GnRH therapy have been studied for the treatment of different forms of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, including idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hypogonadism developed as a result of treatment with combination of surgery and irradiation for pituitary or hypothalamic tumor. GnRH was administered subcutaneously in a dose of $10{\mu}g$ every 2 hours with the pulsatile infusion pump. With GnRH therapy, all patients improved secretion of LH, FSH and testosterone. Testicular volumes increased. Spermatogenesis was induced in 8 patients. Pulsatile GnRH therapy is an effective treatment for idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and can have a role in hypogonadism previously treated with combination of surgery and irradiation for pituitary or hypothalamic tumor.

국립공원 내 공중화장실에 대한 탐방객 인식에 관한 연구 : 지리산국립공원을 중심으로

이호(Ho Lee),이승록(Seung-Rok Lee),박기현(Ki-Hyun Park),박은희(Eun-Hee Park),차진열(Jin-Yeol Cha),심규원(Kyu-Won Sim),강동원(Dong-Won Gang) 국립공원연구원 2011 국립공원연구지 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구는 공원 내 공중화장실에 대한 탐방객의 인식이 만족도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 수행하였다. 현지 설문조사는 지리산국립공원의 성삼재와 중산리 일원을 방문한 탐방객 292명을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 분석결과, 공중화장실의 관리상태, 외관, 디자인 요인 모두 탐방객의 공중화장실 이용 만족에 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었으며, 그 중 관리상태가 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 탐방객의 인식과 만족을 향상시키기 위해서는 공중화장실의 청결한 관리 및 유지, 악취 방지, 소모품의 원활한 공급 등에 우선순위를 두어 집중적으로 관리할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다. This study conducts to investigate the relationship between visitors’ perception and satisfaction. Data of 292 visitors were collected from Seongsamjae and Jungsanri in Jirisan National Park. The results showed that maintenance, outlook and design of public toilet are positively related to visitors’ satisfaction. One of the major research findings is that the maintenance of public toilet most affects visitors’ satisfaction. Therefore, the park managers need to put great emphasis on the cleanliness and maintenance, preventing stinks, consumable supplies of public toilet in order to enhance visitors’ perception and satisfaction.

7, 12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene 과 3-Methylcholanthrene에 의한 젖산탈수소효소 수준 및 동위효소 농도 변화에 관한 연구

박기현,김정렬,김정락,Park, Ki-Hyun,Kim, Chung-Ryul,Khim, Jung-Rock 생화학분자생물학회 1982 한국생화학회지 Vol.15 No.2

젖산탈수소효소의 수준은 화합물 투여 후 5일에 급격히 증가하여 15일에는 대조군의 2~3배에 달했으며 동위효소 농도분포는 muscle type인 $LDH_5$가 일반적으로 감소되면서 상대적으로 heart type인 $LDH_1$이 상당히 증가 (2~2.5배)되었으나 10일, 15일에 서서히 감소되었으며 DMBA의 경우는 $LDH_2$가 증가되었다. 그리고 DMBA보다 3-MC에 의한 혈청 젖산탈수소효소의 수준이 다소 높았다. 15~30일에는 효소 수준이 현저히 감소되어 거의 대조군과 같았으며 이때의 동위효소 농도도 대조군의 분포와 유사하였다. 한편 $LDH_5$는 대조군보다 항상 감소된 농도를 보였다. 20(또는 30)일 부터 효소 수준이 화합물 투여후 초기의 경향과 같이 급격히 증가되어 50일에는 1044 unit (DMBA), 755 unit (3-MC)로 대조군의 263 unit에 비하여 괄목할만한 증가현상을 보였다. 따라서 3-MC, DMBA에 의한 흰쥐의 유암발생과 관련하여 젖산탈수소효소의 수준변화에 따라 대체로 발암유도기(효소수준이 급격히 증가된 기간, 5~15일), 잠복기(효소수준이 현저히 감소된 기간, 15~20(30)일), 발현기(효소수준이 다시 증가된 기간 20(30)일~ ) 등 3단계로 추정 할 수 있었다. 그러나 이에따른 동위효소 농도분표는 5~15일의 변화를 제외하고는 그후 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. Changes in levels of serum total lactic acid dehydrogenase(LDH) and patterns of its isozyme were studied after a single intraperitoneal injection with polyaromatic hydrocarbons(3-methylcholanthrene, 3-MC, 100mg and 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene, DMBA, 20mg) in Sprague-Dawley rats(female, 140-150 g). Serum LDH level of rat on day 5 after chemicals administration was markedly elevated when compared with the control value. Levels of LDH were produced a maximal value about 2 to 3 fold of control on day 15 in both 3-MC and DMBA treatment. There resulted in increase of the heart type subunit(LDH1) of isozyme patterns, which was accompanied by a relative decrease in percent of the muscle type subunit(LDH5). In the case of DMBA treatment, percent of LDH1 after 10 day decreased progressively during the period studied when compared with initial value. Level of rat serum total LDH was characterized by a sharp decrease on day 15 later in both DMBA and 3-MC administration and exhibited close value to control serum on day 20 or day 30. Although there was an increase or decrease in serum LDH level through the period observed, LDH5 showed lower percent than in control LDH level over 20 day or 30 day after chemicals treatment increased considerably and was about 2 to 4 fold above controls. Results of this investigation may, therefore, be that both the LDH level and pattern of isozyme exhibited characteristic changes in rat serum served as an useful basis for prognosis in cancer at various stages of development.

Dimethylnitrosamine이 흰쥐의 내분비에 미치는 영향

박기현,선우양일,Park, Ki-Hyun,SunWoo, Yang-Il 생화학분자생물학회 1981 한국생화학회지 Vol.14 No.1

1. 배란기 전에 dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)을 rat에 투여하면 progesterone과 estradiol-$17{\beta}$의 분비를 억제시키나 DMN처리 농도에 따른 hormone 분비양에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 2. 임신한 rat에 DMN을 투여하면 배란기와 착상초기 까지는 estradiol-$17{\beta}$의 분비를 억제시키고 착상기가 진행됨에 따라 분비를 촉진시킨다. 3. 또한 임신한 rat에 DMN을 투여했을 때 progesterone 분비에 미치는 영향은 estradiol-$17{\beta}$의 경우와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 1. When dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was injected to Wistar female rat before the ovulation, the sercetion of progesterone and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ was substantially suppressed. However, the different levels of these hormone secretion according to the DMN concentration was not significant. 2. In the case of the pregnant rats, DMN inhibited the secretion of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ at the stage of ovulation and early implantation. In contrast with the above facts, the secretion of this hormone was enhanced during the progressive implantation. 3. A similar behavior with the one of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ was also observed in the secretion of progesterone for the case of the pregnant rats treated with DMN.

Induction of the Different Forms of Cytochrome P-450 Isozymes and Comparison of Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase Levels on Rat Tissues byChemical Treatment

박기현,김정렬,Park, Ki-Hyun,Kim, Chung-Ryul 생화학분자생물학회 1984 한국생화학회지 Vol.17 No.1

3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), phenobarbital (Pb), ethyl alcohol, catechol을 단일물질로 또는 이들의 혼합물로 Sprague Dawley계 흰쥐 (male, 160~180gr)에 각각 5일동안 복강주사한후 간장, 허파, 비장의 aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHHase, EC 1.14. 14. 1) 수준의 비교와 3-MC와 Pb에 의해 유도된 간의 Cytochrome P-450 (P-450)의 주된 동위효소를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 3-MC, 3-MC+ethyl alcohol 또는 Pb 처리의 경우 간장에서 AHHase 유도가 가장 증가되었으며 그밖의 장기에서는 대조구와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3-MC+catechol과 3-MC+ethyl alcohol의 투여는 3-MC와 달리 비장에서 괄목할만한 유도수준을 나타냈으며 특히 3-MC+catechol의 경우 비장의 AHHase 유도물질로서 좀더 연구할 가치가 있다고 생각된다. 한편 3-MC 또는 Pb 쳐리에 의해 유도된 간장에서의 P-450 함량과 AHHase 활성도의 관계는 P-450이 3-MC보다 Pb에 의해 더 많이 유도되었으나 AHHase 활성도는 낮았다. 이것은 Pb로 유도된 간장의 P-450은 최적기질이 본 연구에 사용된 benzo(a)pyrene이 아니고 benzphetamine이기 때 문이며 3-MC 또는 Pb로 유도된 P-450 동위효소의 농도분포가 각각 다른 것을 시사하고 있다. 이에 따라 monoclonal antibodies에 의해 동위효소 각각에 대한 유도정도를 측정한 결과 Pb에 의한 P-450-b는 약 30%, 3-MC의 P-450-c는 약 70%d의 동위효소를 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 benzphetamine demethylase 측정의 경우 P-450-b의 수준은 보다 증가될 것으로 예상된다. The induction levels of microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHHase, EC 1.14. 14.1) in tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats (male, 160-180g) were investigated after i.p. administration with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), phenobarbital (Pb), catechol and ethyl alcohol, or these mixtures. 3-MC, 3-MC+ethyl alcohol or Pb treatment significantly induced AHHase level in all the groups tested, whereas AHHase activities by treatment of ethyl alcohol or catechol had not reached that of 3-MC or Pb in liver. When rats were treated with mixture of 3-MC and catechol, kidney was the tissue most sensitive to induction of AHHase in all cases. Pb-induced P-450 content was greatly higher than that of 3-MC, but apparent AHHase induction was observed in the livers of rats treated 3-MC as compared to that of the corresponding Pb. There was because the patterns of induction of AHHase activities by Pb or 3-MC were not only very different, but induction levels of P-450 isozymes (P-450-a, P-450-b, P-450-c, P-450-d) from liver were also different. The Pb-monoclonal antibody inhibited about 30% of the AHHase activities of Pb-induced liver microsome at a concentration of $200{\mu}g$ ascites fluid protein per reaction mixture (ml). The liver microsome from 3-MC-treated rats also were inhibited about 70% of the AHHase activity by 3-MC-monoclonal antibody. These results demonstrate that the high induction of 30% of P-450-b and 70% of P-450-c in total P-450s of rat liver microsomes by Pb or 3-MC treatment, respectively.

Cytochrome P-450 유도물질을 처리한 흰쥐 간의 마이크로좀 Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase 활성도와 혈액의 Polyamines 농도와의 관계

박기현,이윤형,Park, Ki-Hyun,Lee, Youn-Hyung 생화학분자생물학회 1985 한국생화학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Cytochrome P-450 (P-450) 유도물질인 phenobarbital (Pb)과 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)을 흰쥐 (S.D., male, 150-160 g)에 처리한 후 간 마이 크로좀의 P-450 유도에 따른 Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase (AHHase) 활성도와 혈 액중의 polyamines 분포 및 농도와의 관계를 검토하였다. P-450-b 유도물질인 Pb 처리는 P-450 함량을 상당히 증가시키면서 대조구의 polyamines 분포 (putrescine, spermidine, spermine)와는 달리 spermidine, spermine의 분포를 나타내지만 총 polyamines 농도는 차이가 없었다. P-450-c 유도물질이며 강력한 발암물질인 3-MC 처리는 putrescine, spermidine의 분포로서 특히 putrescine은 대조구의 10배로, 그리고 총 polyamines 농도는 2배 증가되었으며 AHHase 활성도는 12배 이상 증가폭을 보였다. 이와 같은 현상은 putrescine 생합성에 관여하는 ornithine decarboxylase가 3-MC의 대사산물에 의해 그 활성이 촉진되어 비정상적으로 putrescine이 축적되며 polyamine oxidase가 spermine의 분해를 증가시킨 것으로 P-450-c의 유도에 따른 AHHase 활성도 증가와 polyamines의 생합성 또는 분해와는 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 사료된다. The relationship between polyamines in blood and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHHase, EC, 1.14.14.1) activities in hepatic microsomes was observed when rats (Sprague - Dawley, male, 150-160 g) were treated intraperitoneally with phenobarbital (Pb) or 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) as potent inducers of cytochrome P-450 (P-450) isoenzymes. In the case of Pb-treatment for an induction of P-450-b, P-450 contents of hepatic microsomes were significantly enhanced and total polyamine levels in blood had no change After administration of 3-MC as a carcinogen and an inducer of P-450-c, the major polyamines measured in blood were putrescine and spermidine and total polyamine level was increased over 2-fold. In particular, putrescine concentration was enhanced drastically when compared with control value (10-fold). These results indicate that only the putrescine was accumulated abnormally because ornithine decarboxylase and polyamine oxidase as enzymes of polyamine synthesis or degradation were stimulated by metabolites of 3-MC treated. On the other hand, hepatic microsomal AHHase activities by the induction of P-450-c were increased over 13-fold. In this respect, a relationship is suggested between AHHase activities enhanced from induction of P-450-c and synthesis or degradation of polyamines.

IMT-2000 통신시스템에서의 라운딩을 이용한 저전력 디지털 정합필터의 설계

박기현,하진석,남기훈,차재상,이광엽,Park, Ki-Hyun,Ha, Jin-Suk,Nam, Ki-Hun,Cha, Jae-Sang,Lee, Kwang-Youb 한국전기전자학회 2004 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.8 No.1

본 논문은 WCDMA와 같은 IMT-2000 통신 시스템에서 핵심적으로 사용되고 있는 디지털 정합 필터(Digital Matched Filter)의 최적화된 구조를 제안한다. 제안된 구조는 256칩 Hierarchical Golay sequence를 이용한 기존의 부분 상관 구조를 바탕으로 하는 디지털 정합 필터에 비하여 소비전력과 회로면적을 최소화 하고 효율적인 초기동기채널의 포착을 이루도록 한다. 기존의 부분 상관형 디지털 정합 필터는 부분 상관 구조를 적용하지 않은 디지털 정합 필터보다 상관 연산기의 크기가 감소하나 플립플롭의 크기가 그 이상으로 증가하는 역효과가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 라운딩 스텝 기법을 적용하여 플립플롭의 크기를 감소시킨 부분 상관형 디지털 정합 필터를 제안하며, 제안된 구조는 기존의 방법에 비하여 면적 및 소비전력이 45%이상 감소한다. 제안된 구조는 Xillinx FPGA를 이용하여 검증하였다. For wide-band spread spectrum communication systems such as IMT-2000, a digital matched filter is a key device for rapid spreading code synchronization. Although a digital matched filter can be implemented easily, large power consumption at the higher chip rate and large summation delay of longer chip length are the bottleneck of practical use. In this paper, we propose a optimized partial correlation digital matched filter structure which can be constructed of the so-called generalized hierarchical Golay sequence. a partial correlation structure can reduce the number of correlators, but enlarge the size of flip-flops. In this paper, The proposed approach focuses on efficient circuit size, power dissipation, maintaining the operating throughput. A proposed digital matched filter reduce the size of flip-flops by rounding method. and it reduces about 45 percentages of power dissipation and chip area as compared with digital matched filter which is not rounded. rounding. The proposed architecture was verified by using Xilinx FPGA.