Isolation of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus BP-2 Capable of Degradation of Bisphenol A

권기석,김동걸,이중복,신기선,금은주,손호용,Kwon, Gi-Seok,Kim, Dong-Geol,Lee, Jung-Bok,Shin, Kee-Sun,Kum, Eun-Joo,Sohn, Ho-Yong Korean Society of Life Science 2006 생명과학회지 Vol.16 No.7

BPA는 에폭시 수지 및 플라스틱 생산의 단량체로서 사용되어 왔으며, 접착제, 페인트, 광학렌즈, 건축자재, 전자제품 소재 등 다양한 제품을 생산하는 데 사용되고 있다. 그러나 BPA의 급성세포독성 및 내분비교란활성이 보고되면서 BPA의 분해에 대한 연구가 집중되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 BPA의 광분해 및 화학적 분해의 문제점을 극복하고, 실제적 BPA의 생물학적 분해를 목표로 BPA분해균을 플라스틱 공장의 토양으로부터 분리하였다. 분리균주 중 가장 활성이 우수한 BP-2는 5mM의 BPA처리에서 성장할 수 있었으며, pH 7, $30^{\circ}C$의 최적 배양조건에서 $53.3{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}\;day^{-1}$의 분해속도를 나타내었다. 균주 동정결과 BP-2는 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus로 확인되었으며, 3.5g-건조중량$1^{-1}$의 고농도 휴식 세포 반응 결과 $89.7{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}\;h^{-1}$의 BPA분해속도를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 고농도 세포농도를 유지하는 경우, BP-2균주가 실제적 BPA분해를 위한 생물촉매로 사용될 수 있음을 제시하고 있다. Bisphenol A (BPA), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, has been widely used as a monomer for production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics, and final products of BPA include adhesives, protective coatings, paints, optical lens, building materials, compact disks and other electrical parts. Since BPA is a toxic chemical to elicit acute cell cytotoxicity and chronic endocrine disrupting activity, the degradation of BPA has been focused during last decades. To overcome the problem of photo-, and chemical-degradation of BPA, in this study, a bacterium that is able to biodegrade BPA, was isolated. The bacterium, isolated froln the soil of plastic factory, was identified as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (strain BP-2) based on physiological and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. A. calcoaceticus BP-2 was able to grow in the presence of $1140{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ BPA. Biodegradation experiments showed that BP-2 mineralized BPA via 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxyacetophenone, and average degradation rate was $53.3{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}\;day^{-1}$ under optimal conditions (pH 7 and $30^{\circ}C$). In high density resting cell $(3.5g-dcw.1^{-1})$ experiments, the maximal degradation rate was increased to $89.7{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}\;h^{-1}$. Our results suggest that BP-2 has high potential as a catalyst for practical BPA bioremediation.

FOCUS - 스토리텔링 도입, 수학이 재미있어진다

권기석,Gwon, Gi-Seok 한국과학기술단체총연합회 2012 과학과 기술 Vol.513 No.-

유기성 폐수처리와 유용미생물의 이용

권기석,Gwon, Gi Seok 한국주류산업협회 1996 주류산업 Vol.16 No.4

생강의 출하시기 연장을 위한 추가 저장 시 오존처리의 효과

권기석(Gi-Seok Kwon),방길용(Gil-Yong Bang),김수정(Su-Jeong Kim),박윤문(Youn-Moon Park) 한국원예학회 2014 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2014 No.10

홍맥 추출물의 3T3-L1세포에 대한 지방 축적 저해 활성평가

권기석(Gi-Seok Kwon),김병혁(Byung-Hyuk Kim),이준형(Jun-Hyeong Lee),황학수(Hak-Soo Hwang),이중복(Jung-Bok Lee) 한국생명과학회 2021 생명과학회지 Vol.31 No.2

홍국은 동아시아 국가에서 예로부터 음식과 전통의학에 이용되어 왔다. 홍국은 특정 미생물(일반적으로 Monascus purpureus)이 쌀을 발효시켜 생산되어진다. Monascus sp.는 2차 대사과정을 통해 Monascus 색소, monacolins, γ-aminobutyric acid 등을 생산할 수 있다. Monascus 종의 대사산물인 monacolin K, γ-aminobutyric acid와 dimerumic acid 및 monascus pigments는 항산화 효과, 콜레스테롤과 혈압과 항비만 효과들이 알려져 있다. 본 연 구에서는 Monascus sp.로 발효된 홍맥 에탄올 추출물의 항비만 활성을 알아보고자 지방 세포를 이용하여 실험을 실시하였다. 홍국 에탄올 추출물의 항비만 효과는 MDI로 유도된 3T3-L1 전지방세포의 Oil Red O staining과 Real time RT-PCR을 이용하여 비만 유전자 발현을 통해 확인하였다. 홍맥 추출물을 3T3-L1 전지방세포에 각각 200μg/ml, 400 μg/ml, 800 μg/ml을 처리한 결과 5.04%, 12.24%, 23.52%로 지방축적을 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 홍맥 추출물은 3T3-L1 전지방세포로부터의 C/EBPα, SREBP-1, PPAR-γ 유전자의 발현이 농도 의존적으로 감소되는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 홍맥 추출물의 지방 합성 억제활성을 확인하였으며, 향후 항비만 기능성 식품소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Red yeast rice has been extensively used as food and traditional medicine for thousands of years in East Asian countries. It is produced by the fermentation of a particular yeast (in general, Monascus purpureus) as rice and various cereals (barley, soybean, etc.). Monascus sp. produces many secondary metabolites during its growth, including pigments, monacolins, and γ-aminobutyric acid. Some metabolites-specifically, monacolin K, γ-aminobutyric acid, dimerumic acid, and monascus pigments-have been reported to lower cholesterol and blood pressure while showing anti-obesity effects. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of ethanol extract from red yeast barley (RYB) fermented with Monascus sp. BHN-MK 2 on 3T3-L1 cells. The anti-obesity effects of RYB extract were examined: its lipid accumulation inhibitory effect was tested by Oil Red O staining, and obesity-related mRNA expression levels were tested by real-time RT-PCR in MDI stimulated 3T3-L1 cells. The intracellular lipid content of MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 cells decreased significantly to 5.04%, 12.24%, and 23.52% in response to 200, 400, and 800 μg/ml RYB, respectively. Moreovers, we evaluated that RYB extract significantly downregulated the expression of C/EBPα, SREBP-1, and PPAR-γ gene in a dose-dependent manner. As a result, red yeast barley ethanol extracts exerted the strongest anti-obesity effects. Also, the results indicate that red yeast barley could be used as a functional anti-obesity food material.

Bacillus polymyxa KS-1에 의한 다당류 KS-1 생산의 발효 조건

권기석(Gi-Seok Kwon),윤병대(Byung-Dae Yoon),주현규(Hyun-Kyu Joo) 한국생물공학회 1995 KSBB Journal Vol.10 No.4

Ferricyanide와 ferric chloride 혼합액을 사용한 Bisphenol A의 비색 정량법 개발

금은주,류희영,권기석,손호용,Kum, Eun-Joo,Ryu, Hee-Young,Kwon, Gi-Seok,Sohn, Ho-Yong 한국생명과학회 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Bisphenol A (BPA) has been widely used as a monomer for production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. The annual production of BPA exceeds 640,000 metric tons in worldwide. BPA, a suspected phenolic endocrine disrupter, is moderately soluble and frequently detected in industrial wastewater. To date, HPLC and GC has been used for BPA analysis. However, HPLC and GC-analysis need high operation lost, experts, and an elaborate pre-treatment of samples, and is difficult to apply on-time and mass analysis. Therefore, simple, mass and rapid detection of BPA in environments is necessary. In the present study, spectrophotometric method of BPA quantification was developed. Based on blue-color product formation with BPA and ferric chloride/ferricyanide under the optimized conditions, the standard curve was acquired $({\lambda}_{750}=0.061\;BPA\;[{\mu}M]+0.07155,\;R^2=0.992)$. Using an established method, the BPA contents in the soil extract, and different water samples and living products, including disposable syringe, cup and plastic tube, were analyzed. The results suggested that the method is useful for BPA determination from different massive samples. Since the BPA metabolites, nontoxic 4-hydroxyacetophenone or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, did not form blue-color product, this method is also useful to screen a microorganism for BPA bioremediation. BPA는 플라스틱 가소제 및 폴리카보네이트 플라스틱 생산의 모노머로 광범위하게 사용되어 왔으며, 년간 세계적으로 640,000톤 이상이 생산되고 있다. 내분비장애활성을 가진 BPA는 수계 및 공업용수에서 흔히 발견되며, 이의 분석은 HPLC 및 GC 등 기기분석에 의존하고 있다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 환경 및 생활용품에 잔류하는 BPA를 신속, 정확하고, 경제적으로 분석할 수 있는 분광학적 정량방법을 개발하고자 하였으며, 이를 위해 $FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$와 $K_3Fe(CN)_6$를 사용한 비색정량법을 확립하였다. 발색반응으로 생성된 청색화합물의 ${\lambda}max$ 및 반응특이성을 조사하였으며, 최적반응조건(시간, 온도, pH, 농도, 부피, 반응안전성)을 검토하였다. 확립된 발색반응조건에서 BPA에 대한 검량곡선(${\lambda}_{750}$=0.61 BPA $[{\mu}M]$+0.07155, $R^{2}$=0.992)을 얻었으며, 신규 확립된 비색정량법을 이용하여 토양, 수계 및 생활용품의 BPA 분석을 시도한 결과, HPLC 분석시스템과 유사한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 본 BPA 및 관련물질에 대한 비색정량법은, 기기분석에 비해 빠르고, 경제적이며, 대량의 시료를 일시에 취급할 수 있어 기기분석의 보완분석으로도 우수하며, BPA 분해산물은 발색반응을 나타내지 않아, 자연계로부터 BPA 분해균주 선별 등에 매우 유용하게 이용될 수 있다.

최근 5년 동안 국내에서 분리된 Shigella sonnei의 항균제 내성 유형과 내성유전자형 분석

허완,이상조,권기석,장종옥,이중복,Huh, Wan,Lee, Sang-Jo,Kwon, Gi-Seok,Jang, Jong-Ok,Lee, Jung-Bok 한국미생물학회 2007 미생물학회지 Vol.43 No.1

This study has been carried out for investigating the relatedness of representative 135 Shigella sonnei strains isolated from 2000 to 2004 by using biotyping and antimicrobial resistance. All strains showed typical biochemical characterisics of Shigella strain. Among 135 strains,79 (58.5%) strains were biotype "g",54 (40.0%) strains were biotype "a" and 2 (1.5%) strains were biotype "e". The results of susceptibility test against 16 antimicrobial agents were like this. Most of strains were susceptible to AN, CIP, C and GM. 129 (95.6%) strains were resistant to SXT, 126 (93.3%) strains were resistant to TE and 122 (90.4%) strains were resistant to SM. One hundred thirty two (97.8%) strains were resistant to more than two antimicrobial agents. R28 type (antimicrobial resistance patterns 28: resistant to AM, SAM, TE, TIC, SXT, K, SM and AmC) were 42 strains (31.1%). The other strains were showed 33 kinds of R patterns. The results of $bla_{TEM}$, sulII, tetA and strA gene detection were coincided with phenotype of antimicrobial resistance by disk diffusion method. But some strains which had sulII and strA genes were not showed the resistance against SXT and SM. 2000-2004년 국내에서 분리된 S. sonnei 135주를 선별하여 16종의 항균제 내성 유형, $bla_{TEM}$, suulII, tetA, strA등의 내성유전자형을 PCR등의 방법으로 항생제내성 표현형과 유전자형의 유연관계를 파악하였다. 균주들의 생화학적 성상은 전형적 인 이질성 세균의 특성을 나타내었으며, biotyping에서는 g type이 58.5%(79주), a type이 40.0%(54주), e type이 1.5%(2주)로 나타났다. 항균제 16종의 항균제 내성 패턴은 AN, CIP, C, GM등의 약제에는 감수성을 보였으나, SXT 약제에는95.6% (129주), TE 약제에는 93.3% (126주), SM에는 90.4% (122주)등의 순으로 내성을 나타내었다. 두 가지 이상 약제 내성균이 97.8% (132주), 그 중에서 R28 (AM, SAM, TE, TIC, SXT, K, SM, AmC : 8제 약제 내성) 형이 31.1% (42주)를 차지하였으며, 33가지 형태의 다양한 내성 패턴을 나타내었다. $bla_{TEM}$, sulII, tetA 및 strA등의 내성유전자 분포에서는 Disk diffusion법에서 내성을 보인 경우에는 모두 각각의 유전자 증폭산물이 검출되었다.

점토질 롬 밭과 논의 비점오염원 부하량 평가

최중대,권순국,권기석,Choi, Joong-Dae,Kwun, Soon-Kuk,Kwon, Gi-Seok 한국농공학회 2004 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.46 No.2

NPS pollutant loads from sandy clayey and clayey loam runoff plots were measured. Runoff plots were 2$\times$10 m in size and 8~10% in slope and paddy area was 4,620 $m^2$. Soybean, corn, tobacco and control (natural weed) were cultured. Precipitation during the growing season of June to October, 2002 was 869.5 mm. Runoff and water quality were measured more than 10 times during the measurements depending on the growing stage. Pollutants loads were estimated by using respective concentration and runoff volume. Runoff occurred when daily rainfall exceeded about 30 mm. The largest runoff was observed from the paddy but pollutant loads were larger from upland crops than those from paddy. SS loads from paddy and upland were 1.4 ton/ha/yr and 3.1~4.3 ton/ha/yr, respectively. COD loads 30 kg/ha/yr and 66~90 kg/ha/yr, T-N loads 13 kg/ha/yr and 14~23 kg/ha/yr, T-P loads 1 kg/ha/yr와 4 kg/ha/yr, nitrate nitrogen loads 1 kg/ha/yr and 4~8 kg/ha/yr, and phosphate phosphorus loads 0 kg/ha/yr and 4~6 kg/ha/yr, respectively. It was concluded that NPS pollutant loads from upland crop culture have greater impact on the quality of the receiving water body than those from paddy culture.

알칼리성 Prottease를 생산하는 Xanthomonas sp. YL-37의 분리 및 조효소의 성질

이창호,권태종,강상모,서현효,권기석,오희목,윤병대,Lee, Chang-Ho,Kwon, Tae-Jong,Kang, Sang-Mo,Suh, Hyun-Hyo,Kwon, Gi-Seok,Oh, Hee-Mock,Yoon, Byung-Dae 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 1994 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.22 No.5

A bacterial strain, which showed the high protease activity at low temperature and the high tolerance for the surfactant, was isolated from soil and identified as Xanthomonas sp. YL-37. The optimal temperature, initial pH, and cultivation time for the production of the alkaline protease by Xanthomonas sp. YL-37 were 20$\circC , 11.0, and 84 hours, respectively. In the jar fermenter culture of Xanthomonas sp. YL-37, the alkaline protease activity was about 15,000 DU/ml/-broth after cultivating for 108 hours. The optimal pH and temperature for the protease activity were 70$\circC and 11.0, respectively. The protease was relatively stable at the pH range of 7.0~12.0 and at the temperatures below 50$\circC . The protease activity at 20$\circC was about the level of 40% of its activity at 70$\circC . The enzyme was suggested as a serine protease because the enzyme activity was inhibited by phenylmethane sulfonyl fluoride, a serine modifier.