북한문학과 근대성

김형수 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2004 人文學論叢 Vol.4 No.-

The discussion North Korean literature has to be begun from researching its modernity. The realization of the modernity for the North Korean socialism is propeled by Kim Ilsungism, North Korean predominant ideology. Therefore, the study for Kim Ilsungism is the first work of the discussion of the North Korean literature. The Kim Ilsungism has based on Juche ideology. But, not like Juche ideology as a doctrine for a human being, the Kim Ilsungism has took its root in the doctrine for the head. This means that the Kim Ilsungism is a kind of identical logic which is concentrative itself with never accepting other thought. This identical logic is a product of making Kim Ilsung as national philosophical subject with desiring for establishment of solitary controlling system. With putting Juche ideology into Kim Ilsung himself, he makes his position to the top as the object which has absolute powered. This is the right reason why people has not been the subject of the history. The Kim Ilsungism emphasize that the modernity of North Korean socialism through the reconstruction of human being, society and nature has to be actualized by only its boos, Kim Ilsung. As this reason, I stand on my opinion that the discussion of the North Korean literature has to set its starting on researching Kim Ilsungism.

Glide Formation and Compesatory Lengthening in Korean Revisited

Kim Hyung Soo 현대문법학회 1999 현대문법연구 Vol.17 No.-

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 1999. Glide Formation and Compensatory Lengthening in Korean Revisited. Studies in Grammar 17, 15-31. This paper reanalyzes three phonological problems in glide formation and compensatory lengthening in Korean: 1) the obligatory glide formation with no compensatory lengthening in wa˘ <*o-a "come", 2) the lack of glide formation in coa <*coh-a "like, not ψcwa (cf. noa, nwa￣ "put"), and 3) the problematic use of global rules in explaining compensatory lengthening in examples such as na￣myen < *nah-imyen "give birth". These problems have been well known in previous analyses whose attempts to provide reasonable explanations have all failed. In this paper novel solutions to them are offered by making use of etymological reconstruction and preferential conditions on rules and the Principles governing their operation in Theoretical Phonology. In particular, the first problem is solved by reconstructing the underlying form of the verb o- "come" as *wΛ, whose stem vowel elides before vowel initial endings but undergoes contraction with the preceding w to become o: *wΛ-a >wa˘ but *wΛ-ta>ota. For the second and third problems, two new theoretical concepts are introduced to explain the rule ordering paradox and the use of global rules: 1) the principle of rule interruption that partially identical rules are interruptible and 2) the principle of strength conservation that morphological units such as words and syllables maintain a certain inherently constant strength.

Universal Phonological Processes in eastern Bantu : a Theoretical analysis

Kim,Hyung Soo 대한언어학회 1999 언어학 Vol.7 No.1

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 1999. Universal Phonological Processes in eastern Bantu: a theoretical analysis. Linguistics 7-1, 199-225 In this paper the concept of universal phonological process in Foley's Theoretical Phonology is utilized to first introduce five phonological processes that commonly occur in eastern Bantu languages and then explain two important problems in morphophonemic alternation occurring in Luganda first singular present forms and Swahili adjectives. The five processes introduced are glide formation, syncope, glide strengthening, assibilation, and dissimilation. These processes are argued to be universal because 1) they occur not only in many Bantu languages but also in remotely related languages such as Korean and 2) their knowledge is required as a prerequisite to finding a coherent explanation of the two morphophonemic alternations. A brief comment on the ramifications of the analysis for the phonological theory in general is also included, especially the difficulties that a constraint-based approach may face in analyzing phonological probelms of this type. (Jeonju University)

Meinhof's Rule in Bantu Revisited : with special reference to Chibemba

Kim, Hyung Soo 대한언어학회 1999 언어학 Vol.7 No.2

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 1999. Meinhof's Rule in Bantu Revisited. Linguistics 7-2, 183-206. Well known to any Bantu phonologist is Meinhof's Rule, a dissimilation phenomenon observed between two nasal compounds in successive syllables. This paper analyzes application of this rule in Chibemba, a Bantu language spoken in Zambia. Chibemba has been previously classified by Meeussen(1963) and Meinhof(1932) as one of those Bantu languages in which the dissimilation rule occurs under a more limited condition. It is argued that such restriction is unnecessary in light of the data presented by Mann(1977). It is shown that the application of Meinhof's Rule in Chibemba occurs essentially under the same universal condition on dissimilation as in other Bantu languages, for example, Luganda. To place the analysis in proper context, I begin with discussion of Meinhof's Rule as a dissimilation; its interpretation, the mechanism of change, and the rule's condition and reflexes in Bantu languages. (Jeonju University)

Consonant gemination and glide strengthening in Lugamda : A theoretical analysis of two universal phonological processes and their interaction

Kim, Hyung Soo 대한언어학회 1993 언어학 Vol.1 No.-

Hyung-Soo Kim(1993), Consonant gemination and glide strengthening In Luganda: A theoretical analysis of two universal phonological processes and their Interaction Linguistics, vol 1. Theoretical Phonology maintains that rules used in description and explanation of language must be universal, belonging to the set of universal phonological processes. This conception of phonological explanation is applied to the analysis of geminate consonants in West Germanic, Italian, and Luganda (Eastern Bantu). Analysis of West Germanic and Italian data illustrates the relative phonological strength on parameters, the Inertial Development Principle, and a universal condition that stipulates preferential application of consonant gemination in sufficiently strong environment. Analysis of Luganda data reveals how the universal processes of consonant gemination and glide strengthening interact to produce previously unexplained consonant-cum-geminate clusters. In addition, it shows that consonant gemination in Luganda occurs essentially under the sanle condition as in West Germanic and Italian, thus refuting the .p!$os claim by Clements (1986) that Luganda gemination occurs as a result of compensatory lengthening of consonant. `ham concluded that Luganda gemination is not an isolated case of oompensatory 'consonant' lengthening but its application is governed by the universal conditions on consonant gemination, occurring, as in West Germanic and Italian consonant gemination, in contiguity with a sufficiently strong resonant consonant.

Underlying Bases for Reduplicated and Sound Symbolic Words in Korean: The so-called emphatic suffixation revisited

Hyung-Soo Kim 한국언어학회 2006 언어 Vol.31 No.2

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 2006. Underlying Bases for Reduplicated and Sound Symbolic Words in Korean: The so-called emphatic suffixation revisited. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 31-2, 207-231. This paper reanalyzes the so-called emphatic suffixation in Korean, with a focus on the base and suffixal forms used in previous analyses. Jun (1994) analyzes these cases under his rule of Metrical Weight Consistency, but there is no independent evidence for the redundant base-final /l/ in his underlying structure of talkɨlak < *talkɨl-lak "rattling". In this paper, a new morphological analysis is provided by investigating 1) the stem-suffix correlations stipulated by Jun and 2) the patterns of affixation and alternation in ideophones such as talkak, talkɨlak, and talkatak. It is argued that these three near-synonymous ideophones share the same underlying stem *talkɨ- and the surface variants are a combined result of affixation and three independent phonological rules: /ɨ/-truncation (talkak<*talkɨ-ak), /t/-to-/l/ lenition (talkɨlak<*talkɨ-tak) and dissimilation of KCVK# → CVK# (talkatak<*talkak- tak). Some comments on recent Optimality-Theoretic analyses and their weaknesses are made as well as a remark on the ramifications of the analysis. (Jeonju University)

Underlying representations in glide formation in Korean: A reply to Cho (2000)

Hyung-Soo Kim 한국음운론학회 2002 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.8 No.1

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 2002. Underlying representations in glide formation in Korean: A reply to Cho (2000). Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 8.1. 65-83. One of the most recalcitrant problems in Korean phonology has been the explanation of the irregular continuative form wa<oa ""come[continuative]""(cf inf. o-ta) where, unlike verbs such as poa, pwa ""see[continuative]""(cf. inf. po-ta), glide formation occurs obligatorily without compensatory lengthening. In Kim (1999) it has been proposed that the exceptional behavior of the verb 0- can be most aptly explained by positing its underlying form as WΛ, whose stem vowel drops before a vowel-initial ending but contracts with the preceding W to become 0 before a consonant-initial suffix. Cho (2000), however, has criticized this analysis as being too opaque, employing a synchronically unmotivated underlying representation. This paper responds to her criticism by reviewing and revaluating all of the underlying representations posited in previous analyses while offering additional arguments for the abstract underlying form WΛ. (Jeonju University)

Discovery of urinary metabolomic biomarkers for early detection of acute kidney injury

Won, A Jin,Kim, Siwon,Kim, Yoon Gyoon,Kim, Kyu-Bong,Choi, Wahn Soo,Kacew, Sam,Kim, Kyeong Seok,Jung, Jee H.,Lee, Byung Mu,Kim, Suhkmann,Kim, Hyung Sik The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Molecular bioSystems Vol.12 No.1

<P>The discovery of new biomarkers for early detection of drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is clinically important. In this study, sensitive metabolomic biomarkers identified in the urine of rats were used to detect cisplatin-induced AKI. Cisplatin (10 mg kg(-1), i.p.) was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats, which were subsequently euthanized after 1, 3 or 5 days. In cisplatin-treated rats, mild histopathological alterations were noted at day 1, and these changes were severe at days 3 and 5. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels were significantly increased at days 3 and 5. The levels of new urinary protein-based biomarkers, including kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), glutathione S-transferase-alpha (GST-alpha), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), calbindin, clusterin, neutrophil, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and osteopontin, were significantly elevated at days 3 and 5. Among urinary metabolites, trigonelline and 3-indoxylsulfate (3-IS) levels were significantly decreased in urine collected from cisplatin-treated rats prior to histological kidney damage. However, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a hepatotoxicant, did not affect these urinary biomarkers. Trigonelline is closely associated with GSH depletion and results in insufficient antioxidant capacity against cisplatin-induced AKI. The predominant cisplatin-induced AKI marker appeared to be reduced in urinary 3-IS levels. Because 3-IS is predominantly excreted via active secretion in proximal tubules, a decrease is indicative of tubular damage. Further, urinary excretion of 3-IS levels was markedly reduced in patients with AKI compared to normal subjects. The area under the curve receiver operating characteristics (AUC-ROC) for 3-IS was higher than for SCr, BUN, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, and glucose. Therefore, low urinary or high serum 3-IS levels may be more useful for early detection of AKI than conventional biomarkers.</P>

비만여중생에서 에어로빅스 운동에 따른 Leptin 농도와 혈청지질간의 상관관계

김주혁,김종인,김은희,김수진,김도형,장성동 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.3

The subjects of this study included 7 obese middle school girls aged 14 to 15 whose percent at was 35% or over and who were found having no diseases as a result of medical examinations, There's no significant change in Total Cholesterol between 170.7±34.81 before training and 169.0±32.31mg/㎗ after training Triglyceride was significantly decreased from 125.8±75.41 before training to 111.7±54.72.mg/㎗ after training(p<.01). HDL-C showed no significant change from 49.9±10.37 before training to 42.5±7.64mg/㎗ after training, Free Fat Acid was significantly increased from 623,3±176.07 before training to 695.7± 238.73μUq/l after training, Growth Hormone also showed a significant increase from 6.59± 5.29 before training to 9.17±4.24ng/㎖ after training(p<.05). Insluin showed a significant change from 22.3±6.08 to 16.8±4.84μ[U/㎖ between before and after training Lipoprotein Lipase was changed from 53.3±13.25 before training to 39.1±14.19ng/㎖ after training Finally, Leptin showed a change from 24.1±7.17 before training to 23.3±12.22ng/㎖ after training but with no significant difference. Concerning correlations between leptin and serum lipid, there were high correlations between total cholesterol and HDL-C and low between growth hormone and free fat acid, Lein was highly correlated with free fat acid and low with insulin.

Natural Toxin의 안전성 평가연구 : Ochratoxin A의 면역독성 Immunotoxicity of ochratoxin A

김주일,한형미,정혜주,김형수,김환묵,정승태,박재현,강선경,김진호 식품의약품안전청 1997 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.1 No.-

Ocllratoxin A는 fenicl'flrium과 rtsr☞rgiffus 속 등의 곰팡of가 생성하는 mycotoxin으로서 세포매기성 및 체액성 면역기능에 슨상을 일으키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 OTA가 면역계에 미치는 영향과 OTA의 면역 독성 억제 효과가 있는 물질을 검색하기 위하며 6~7 주령의 Balb/c mice 비장세핀에 T 및 B 세포의 mitogen인 Con A와 LPS로 처리하고 3일간 배양한 후 비장세포의 분화정도를 MTS를 처리하여 관찰하였으며, OTA를 투여한 마우스의 면역장기 형리조직학적 견화를 관찰하였다. 마우스의 비장세포 (2xtD6cel1/rnf)에 OTA(1~6μg/ml)를 상에서 혼합하여 Con A와 LPS로 자극시킨 결과 임파구는 Sfg/mf이상에서 거의 모든 세포가 분화되지 않았다. mice에 OTA (1,5 및 10mg/11g)를 2일 간격으로 6회 복갚 주사한 후 비장세포를 분리하여 Con A와 LPS로 처리한 결과 Smg 투여군에서는 6회 투여 혼에 분화가 억제되었고, 10mg 투여군에서는 3회 및 6회 투여군에서 분화가 억제되었단. Ochratoxin A의 면역독성 억제 효과가 있는 물질을 검색하기 위하여 in vitro 실험에서 마우스의 비장세포 (2×10" cell/mf)에 OTA (3fg/mf)와 L-phenylalanine, indole-3-carbinol, L-ascorbic acid,piroxicaTn, curcumin 및 arethylsalicylic acid를 혼합하고 동일 처리한 결과 L-ascorbic acid, L-phenylala-nine 및 Indole-3-carbinol은 OTA의 면역독성 발현을 운의성 있게 억제하였다. Balt/c mice에 OTA (10mg/kg)와 l'n pifro실험에서 억제효파가 확인된 L-ascorbic acfd, L-phenylalanine 및 indole-3-carbinol을 2일 간격으로 동시에 3회 복강주사하여 관찰한 결과 indote-3-carbine께서 엮제효과를 관찰할수 있었다. Ochratoxin A를 투여할 마우스의 비장 및 홍선에서는 임파구의 빈도가 줄었으며 특히 비장제서는 starry-sky 세포가 증가됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 결자로 OTA는 비장세포의 T 및 B 임파구의 분열능을 억제시 키며, 면역장기의 임파구에 손상 야기시키므로서 면역기능을 저하시키고 OTA에 의한 면역독성은 indole-3-carbinol이 경감시킴을 관찰하엿다. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a Tnyeotoxin produced by several fungal species iBcluded the genera fs4pergiffug and f☞HiciHiHuL and known as one of the major environmental contaminants. Tn thepresent study, the effects of OTA on the imraune system and the prevention of the OTA-inducedimmunosuppression by protective agents were studied in Balb/c rnicf:. Splenocytes were isolated and theproliferative responses to concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were measured in thepreseEce of 1 to 6fg/mf OTA. Sfg/mf OTA completely btocked both Con A and LPS-stimulatedmitogenic responses, causing approximately 50% inhibition at 3fe/mf OTA. This suppression of mitogen-induced proliferative resplonses observed id uifro was reproduced in mice treated with ☞rA in rioafntraperitoneal administration of 5, IDmg/kg OTA 3 to etimes every other day significantly decreasedboth Con A- aud LPS-inttuced mitegenic responses. The effects of possible protective agents on theOTA-induced suppression c)』 mitogenic responses were examined both in uifro and in viua Amoag 6 pos-sible protective agents (1,-phenylalanine, L-ascorbic acid, indole-3- carbinol, curcumin, firoxicam,acethylsaricylic acid) employed in the present study, L-phenylalanine (100ff), L-ascorbic acid (100#M) and iBdote-3-carbinel t 10Df) showed significantly protective effects on the OTA-iBduced suppres-sion of mitogenic responses id uifro. Howeuer, when the protective of·fects of these agents were examinedin rr'ua only indole-3-carbinol showed significantly protective respoases. It has been ebserved that Iyin-phatic cell population in thc spleen and thymus was decreased in raice given OTA by hematoBylin-eosinstaining. These data indicate that OTA suppresses the cell-mediated and humoral immune functioBsand this OTA-iBduced supflression of immune functions can he alleviated by indole-3-carbinol.