Status of human rights violations and trauma among North Korean defectors : a cross-sectional study

So Hee Lee,Won Woong Lee,Haewoo Lee,Jin Yong Jun,Jin-Won Noh Ewha Womans University School of Medicine 2025 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.48 No.2

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the types of human rights violations and the associated psychological trauma experienced by North Korean defectors. It also examined the impact of trauma on the defectors’ interpersonal relationships, employment, and overall quality of life, while evaluating existing psycho-logical support policies to suggest potential improvements. Methods: A multidisciplinary research team conducted an observational survey and in-depth interviews with approximately 300 North Korean defectors re-siding in South Korea from June to September 2017. Standardized measurement tools, including the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist (PCL-5), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7), and Short Form-8 Health Survey (SF-8), were em-ployed. Statistical analyses consisted of frequency analysis, cross-tabulation, factor analysis, and logistic regression. Results: The findings revealed a high prevalence of human rights violations, such as public executions (82%), forced self-criticism (82.3%), and severe starva-tion or illness (62.7%). Additionally, there were elevated rates of PTSD (56%), severe depression (28.3%), anxiety (25%), and insomnia (23.3%). Defectors who resided in China before entering South Korea reported significantly worse mental health outcomes and a lower quality of life. Moreover, trauma was strongly and negatively correlated with social adjustment, interpersonal relationships, employment stability, and overall well-being. Conclusion: An urgent revision of existing policies is needed to incorporate specialized, trauma-informed care infrastructures within medical institutions. Furthermore, broad societal education to reduce stigma and enhance integration efforts is essential to effectively support the psychological well-being and so-cial integration of North Korean defectors.

Complete genome sequence of Sphingobium sp. strain PAMC 28499 reveals a potential for degrading pectin with comparative genomics approach

So‑Ra Han,Sung‑Min Jang,Young Min Chi,Byeollee Kim,정상희,Yung Mi Lee,Jun Uetake,Jun Hyuck Lee,Hyun Park,오태진 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.9

Background Spingobium sp. PAMC 28499 is isolated from the glaciers of Uganda. Uganda is a unique region where hot areas and glaciers coexist, with a variety of living creatures surviving, but the survey on them is very poor. The genetic character and complete genome information of Sphingobium strains help with environmental studies and the development of better to enzyme industry. Objective In this study, complete genome sequence of Spingobium sp. PAMC 28499 and comparative analysis of Spingobium species strains isolated from variety of the region. Methods Genome sequencingwas performed using PacBio sequel single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology. The predicted gene sequences were functionally annotated and gene prediction was carried out using the program NCBI nonredundant database. And using dbCAN2 and KEGG data base were degradation pathway predicted and protein prediction about carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes). Results The genome sequence has 64.5% GC content, 4432 coding protein coding genes, 61 tRNAs, and 12 rRNA operons. Its genome encodes a simple set of metabolic pathways relevant to pectin and its predicted degradation protein an unusual distribution of CAZymes with extracellular esterases and pectate lyases. CAZyme annotation analyses revealed 165 genes related to carbohydrate active, and especially we have found GH1, GH2, GH3, GH38, GH35, GH51, GH51, GH53, GH106, GH146, CE12, PL1 and PL11 such as known pectin degradation genes from Sphingobium yanoikuiae. These results confrmed that this Sphingobium sp. strain PAMC 28499 have similar patterns to RG I pectin-degrading pathway. Conclusion In this study, isolated and sequenced the complete genome of Spingobium sp. PAMC 28499. Also, this strain has comparative genome analysis. Through the complete genome we can predict how this strain can store and produce energy in extreme environment. It can also provide bioengineered data by fnding new genes that degradation the pectin

Effect of By-Product Gypsum Fertilizer on Methane Gas Emissions and Rice Productivity in Paddy Field

Jun-Hong Park,Yeon-Kyu Sonn,Myung-Suk Kong,Yong-Seon Zhang,Sang-Jo Park,Jong-Gun Won,Suk-Hee Lee,Dong-Hwan Seo,So-Deuk Park,Jang-Eok Kim 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.1

Rice cultivation in paddy field affects the global balance of methane (CH₄) as a key greenhouse gas. To evaluate a potential use of by-product gypsum fertilizer (BGF) in reducing CH₄ emission from paddy soil, CH₄ fluxes from a paddy soil applied with BGF different levels (0, 2, 4 and 8 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>) were investigated by closed-chamber method during rice cultivation period. CH₄ flux significantly decreased (p<0.05) with increasing level of BGF application. 8 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> of BGF addition in soil reduced CH₄ flux by 60.6% compared to control. Decreased soil redox potential (Eh) resulted in increasing CH₄ emission through a CO₂ reduction reaction. The concentrations of dissolved calcium (Ca) and sulfate ion (SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>) in soil pore water were significantly increased as the application rate of BGF increased and showed negatively correlations with CH₄ flux. Decreased CH₄ flux with BGF application implied that SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP> ion led to decreases in electron availability for methanogen and precipitation reaction of Ca ion with inorganic carbon including carbonate and bicarbonate as a source of CH₄ formation under anoxic condition. BGF application also increased rice grain yield by 16% at 8 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> of BGF addition. Therefore, our results suggest that BGF application can be a good soil management practice to reduce CH₄ emission from paddy soil and to increase rice yield.

통신자료제공제도(전기통신사업법 제83조 제3항)의 문제점과 개선방안 -ISP에 대한 수사기관의 통신자료제공 요청과 이용자의 정보인권 보장을 중심으로

김소리 ( So Ri Kim ),이수진 ( Su Jin Lee ),임효준 ( Hyo Jun Im ) 서울대학교 공익인권법센터 2013 공익과 인권 Vol.13 No.-

This paper deals with the problems and improvement plans of the Communication Data Provision System(Telecommunications Business Act §83-3) which allows ISP (Internet Service Provider) to provide users` personal data when requested by investigation agencies. The controversy over this system kicked into high gear in 2010 and became a main social issue after the decision of the Constitutional Court and the ruling of the High Court in 2012. The use of the Communication Data Provision System has considerably increased year by year. This trend largely originates from the reality that ISP provides investigation agencies with users` personal data with few exceptions. Under current law, it is not the Court but ISP that decides if providing users` personal data is approved or not. However, ISP does not have enough ability to make such decision; moreover it cannot avoid the pressure that investigation agencies may exert especially when ISP refuses to provide data. Because of this, although the law leaves the provision of user`s personal data ‘to discretion’, the Communication Data Provision System is more likely to be operated ‘by force’. The discourse about information human rights, which defines the individual`s control over the distribution of information as its core content, has contributed to newly raising the status of information human rights up to the stream of the universal rights. Also it has served as the discourse about ‘fundamental human rights’ which extend the realm of the previous human rights discourse. Especially given that information-related rights are not free from the existing power relations, we have to further consider minority-related issues with regard to information human rights. The freedom of anonymous speech and the right to informational self-determination are the two issues mainly discussed about information human rights with regard to the Communication Data Provision System. First, the Communication Data Provision System can infringe the freedom of anonymous speech, similar to the Restrictive Identification System(the so-called Internet Real-name System) which was ruled unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court in 2012. This can breach not only the user`s individual rights, the freedom of anonymous speech, but also ISP`s freedom of speech that makes ISP shape public opinion based on users` free expression of opinion. In addition, the Communication Data Provision System fundamentally infringes the right to informational self-determination. The communication data provided by the ISP is the user`s personal information. However, there is no proceeding for users` prior intervention, such as requesting process for users` consent, nor is there any follow-up proceeding to notify the users. Given the other similar systems, the absence of control system whatsoever on such sensitive personal information can be problematic. Therefore, this paper argues that the Communication Data Provision System should be abolished or revised. The first alternative to the present system is to file a petition in an attempt to get a decision of unconstitutionality on the Communication Data Provision system from the Constitutional Court. By filing a constitutional appeal against the investigation agency`s ‘acquisition’ of communication data, the system can be found unconstitutional through incidental norm control(Incidenter-Kontrolle). Secondly, the statement that this system should be deleted or revised can be supported by the principle of legislation. The new legislation bill projected in this study includes warrant requirement as a basic principle as well as user`s prior intervention proceedings and follow-up notice proceedings. The Communication Data Provision System has been exempted from the basic principle, ‘prohibition of communication secrets` leakage’. The main reason why this preposterous situation still exist is closely related to the lukewarm attitude of the government toward the information of information right. If the government does not take any measures, then at least the citizens, the potential victims of this system, should do so. Information human rights is the ‘human rights’ that we should strive again to achieve for a new democracy.

HSS STI-CMP적용을 위한이중 패드의 최적화

서용진,박성우,김철복,정소용,이경진,김기욱,박창준 대불대학교 2002 大佛大學校大學院 硏究論文集 Vol.- No.1

As the device geometry shrinks to the deep submicron region, chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) planarization become a more essential technique of advanced ULSI process. Also, CMP process was required for the global planarization of inter-metal dielectric(IMD), inter-level dielectric(ILD) layers and interconnections with free-defect. Especially, the complete global planarization of IMD, ILD and interconnections can be achieved only with the CMP process. However, as the IMD and ILD layer gets thinner, several problems were found in the CMP process. It does have various problems such as dishing effect, torn oxide defects and nitride residues in oxide. So, it leads to severe circuit failure, which affects yield. In this paper, we studied the characteristics of polishing pad, which can apply STI-CMP process for global planarization of multilevel interconnection structure. Also, we investigated the effects of different sets of polishing pad, such as soft and hard pad. As an experimental result, hard pad showed center-fast type, and soft pad showed edge-fast type. Totally, the defect level has shown little difference, however, the counts of scratch was defected less than 2 on JR111 pad. Through the above result, we can select optimum polishing pad, so we can expect the improvement of throughput and device yield.

Preliminary Guidelines for the Clinical Evaluation and Management of Long COVID

Kim Yoonjung,Kim Seong Eun,Kim Tark,Yun Ki Wook,Lee So Hee,Lee Eunjung,Seo Jun-Won,Jung Young Hee,Chong Yong Pil 대한감염학회 2022 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.54 No.3

Long-lasting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms beyond 12 weeks, the so-called ‘long COVID’ have been increasingly reported worldwide. Long COVID can be manifested in various forms, and there is an increasing demand for proper assessment and management. However, it is challenging when trying to determine the best-practice standards of care based on the current evidence because there is no internationally agreed clinical definition or clear treatment pathway. Therefore, the present guidelines have been drafted to provide advice on diagnosis and management based on the latest updated available evidence and the consensus of expert opinion. So far, no standard test and drug treatment can be strongly recommended for patients with long COVID because of a lack of evidence. The present guidelines provide advice based on 12 key questions, including appropriate interventions for long COVID that can be used in clinical practice. Continuous careful observation and studies related to long COVID are needed for the long-term impact of COVID-19 and proper management for long COVID to be determined.

경희의료원 제3 중환자실(동서협진중환자실)에 입원한 89명의 중증 급성기 뇌경색 환자에 대한 임상적 고찰

허홍,소형진,임주혁,조인영,이혜영,민경윤,류재환,이범준,Heo, Hong,So, Hyung-Jin,Im, Ju-Hyuk,Cho, In-Young,Lee, Hae-Yong,Min, Kyoung-Yoon,Ryu, Jae-Hwan,Lee, Beom-Jun 대한한방내과학회 2007 대한한방내과학회지 Vol.28 No.4

Objects : To gain better insights of East-west integrated treatment of ischemic stroke. We analyzed 89 patients with severe acute ischemic stroke who were admitted to the East-west integrated intensive care unit. Methods : Subjects enrollment was from the East-west integrated intensive care unit of Kyung Hee Medical Center from March 2006 to February 2007. Patients were admitted within 14 days after the onset of ischemic stroke. We assessed the subjects' general characteristics, risk factors, admitting routes and periods, diagnostic imaging, process of western treatment and Korean traditional treatment, complication and consequence. Results : The proportion of males was 50.6%, of females 49.4%, average age was male 66.0$\pm$10.3 and female 71.1$\pm$10.5. Average length of hospital stays was 19.5 days. Monthly admissions were highest in November and December. The admission route was through emergency room (61.8%) or ward (34.8%). Mean Glasgow coma scale score was 10.0$\pm$2.5, average time from symptom of onset to hospital admission was 2.3$\pm$2.2 days. Dominant ischemic vascular territory was middle cerebral artery (66.3%). Initial western treatment was argatroban (22.5%), urokinase (28.1%), and heparinization (38.2%). Distribution of Sasang constitution of So-yang to Tae-eum to So-eum was equal to 5.4 to 2.9 to 1.5. Major complications were observed in 40 (42.7%) patients. In hospital mortality was 12.4% (11 deaths), all of them caused by aggravation of neurological deficit and only 3 of them with major complications. There appears to be a significant positive relationship between length of hospital stay and occurrence of complications (P<0.05). After discharge from the ICU, 64 (71.9%) patients were improved, 11 (12.4%) patients had expired, and 14 (15.8%) patients were transferred. Conclusions : From this study, we suggest that patients with severe acute ischemic stroke should be treated with East-west integrated therapy for more favorable consequences and decreased mortality.

주의력결핍ㆍ과잉운동장애의 가정환경에 대한 연구

소준현,신윤오,조수철 대한소아ㆍ청소년정신의학회 1996 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.7 No.1

하지수술에서 희석된 고비중 Bupivacaine의 효과

소금영,양인호,안태훈,이준영 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.2

Background: Although lidocaine seems to be one of the most suitable spinal anesthesias for ambulatory surgery, the safety of lidocaine spinal anesthesia has been called into question by report of both permanent and transient neurologic toxicity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of adapting the longer acting spinal bupivacaine in short duration of lower extremity operation. Methods: Forty five patient were randomly assigned to three groups for spinal anesthesia, Group Ⅰ (15㎎ bupivacaine), 3㎖ of 0.5% spinal bupivacaine in 8% dextrose; Group Ⅱ (10㎎ bupivacaine), 2㎖ of the 0.5% spinal bupivacaine +1㎖ saline; Group Ⅲ (7.5㎎ bupivacaine), 1.5㎖ of the 0.5% spinal bupivacaine +1.5㎖ saline. Dural puncture were performed at the L3-L4 with 25 gauge needle in lateral position after which the patients were turned to the supine horizontal position. We checked peak sensory level and height, time to two segment regression and S2 sensory regression via pin-prick test and motor block level by modified Bromage scale. Results: There were significantly difference with regard to peak sensory level and height, time to two segment regression and S2 regression, and motor blockade level between Group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ. Conclusions: Dilute Bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia provided the combination of adequate depth of anesthesia and rapid recovery. We conclude that 0.5% bupivacaine 7.5㎎ with normal saline 1.5㎖ is effective in spinal anesthesia for short-duration lower extremity surgery.

실신으로 발현된 기립성빈맥증후군 : 단일 기관 예비 연구

이동준,김종국,허소영 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.2

Background and Objectives : Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is characterized by excessive tachycardia without prominent hypotension in the upright position. Most of the patients experience symptoms of orthostatic intolerance such as lightheadedness, dizziness, palpitation, nausea, or headache. There were limited POTS cases presenting as syncope thus, we analyzed syncope patients who showed orthostatic tachycardia in tilt table test. Methods : A single center retrospective analysis was done for patients with POTS who developed syncope. We reviewed their clinical records and results of autonomic function tests (sympathetic skin response, heart rate variability test to hyperventilation, heart rate variability test to Valsalva maneuver, 15:30 ratio and blood pressure and heart rate response to tilt table test). Results : There were 13 patients of POTS with syncope. Mean age of onset was 22.3 (14-38) years old. Men were eight and women were five. In autonomic function tests, mean orthostatic heart rate increments were 35.2 beats per minutes (bpm). Mean maximal heart rate within 10 minutes and the time for maximal heart rate were 99.9 (87-128) bpm and 7 minutes, respectively. Mean systolic blood pressure was not changed significantly during tilt table tests but, mean diastolic blood pressure was increased as much as 14.4 (±8.0) mmHg compared with supine position. Conclusions : POTS patients who manifested assyncopal attack showed similar patterns in clinical characteristics and autonomic function tests compared with ordinary POTS reported previously. These suggest that syncope can be one of the leading features of POTS. This preliminary study suggests that structured and controlled studies about POTS and syncope are needed.